APS Member History

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	Name:	Dr. Francisco José Ayala
	Institution:	University of California, Irvine
	Year Elected:	1984
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1934
	Death Date:	March 3, 2023

	Francisco J. Ayala is a retired Professor of Biological Sciences at the University of California, Irvine. On June 12, 2002, President George W. Bush awarded him the National Medal of Science at the White House, and in 2010, Dr. Ayala won the Templeton prize. From 1994-2001, Dr. Ayala was a member of the U.S. President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology. He has been president and chairman of the board of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1993-96) and of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society of the U.S (2004-05). Dr. Ayala is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and numerous foreign academies and has received many prizes and honorary degrees. Born in Madrid, Spain, he has lived in the United States since 1961 and became a U.S. citizen in 1971. He has published more than 1,000 articles and is author or editor of 37 books. His scientific research focuses on population and evolutionary genetics, including the origin of species, genetic diversity of populations, the origin of malaria, the population structure of parasitic protozoa, and the molecular clock of evolution. He also writes about the interface between religion and science and on philosophical issues concerning epistemology, ethics, and the philosophy of biology.

	Name:	Frank Aydelotte
	Year Elected:	1923
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1880
	Death Date:	12/17/56

	Name:	Walter Baade
	Year Elected:	1953
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1893
	Death Date:	6/25/60

	Name:	Dr. Horace W. Babcock
	Institution:	Carnegie Institution of Washington
	Year Elected:	1966
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1912
	Death Date:	August 29, 2003

	Name:	Franz Babinger
	Year Elected:	1964
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1891
	Death Date:	6/23/67

	Name:	William Bache
	Year Elected:	1797
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	11/20/1820

	Name:	Franklin Bache
	Year Elected:	1820
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	3/19/1864

	Name:	Alexander D. Bache
	Year Elected:	1829
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	2/17/1867

	Name:	Hartman Bache
	Year Elected:	1831
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	10/8/1872

	Name:	Thomas H. Bache
	Year Elected:	1877
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	7/8/12

	Name:	R. Meade Bache
	Year Elected:	1884
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	7/17/07

	Name:	Dr. Robert Fox Bacher
	Institution:	California Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1948
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1905
	Death Date:	November 18, 2004

	Name:	Thomas Bacon
	Year Elected:	1768
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1700
	Death Date:	5/24/1768

	Thomas Bacon (c. 1700–24 May 1768) was a customs manager, printer, and Anglican priest, and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his 1768 election. Bacon was probably born on the Isle of Man, and little is known of his life before his employ first managing a coal depot and then the Dublin Customs House in the 1730s. He found his greatest success as a printer publishing the semi-weekly Dublin Mercury and then the official records of the Irish government (as the Dublin Gazette) during the early 1740s. After the loss of that contract, Bacon read theology, became a priest in 1745, and sailed for Maryland, landing at St. Peter’s in White Marsh. Erudite and affable, Bacon won quick acceptance to Annapolis’s literary Tuesday Club, in the Masonic lodge, and as a clever and talented poet, violinist and cellist, offering verse and minuets in small venues and grander concerts for charitable benefit. His concern for Maryland’s enslaved population was both genuine but also emblematic for its limits. Sermons to masters and slaves highlighted mutual obligations: masters and mistresses should encourage Christianity among their enslaved and treat them humanely; the enslaved should remain obedient. He founded a short-lived charity school for the orphaned, poor, and enslaved, which would instruct them in preparation for apprenticeship, but construction costs and the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War shortened its life. He labored a decade on a six-volume abridged collection of the laws of Maryland. His 1758 appointment to All Saints in Frederick sustained these labors with an annual income of £400, a quarter of which he used to hire a curate to lighten his pastoral load. Problems in his personal life, including being libeled for the rape of a mixed-race woman (victor in the suit) and a strangely lax attitude for canon rules when it came to his own remarriage (quietly forgotten) damaged his political connections, but he was broadly respected as a pastor until the end of his days. (PI)

	Name:	The Honorable Robert Badinter
	Institution:	Paris University I, Pantheon Sorbonne; French Council
	Year Elected:	2009
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1928

	Robert Badinter is the President of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, a Senator in the Senate of France, and a Professor of Law Emeritus at the Paris University I, Panthéon Sorbonne. He has served as the President of the Arbitration Commission for the Former Yugoslavia, a member of the Brussels Convention for the European Constitution, and a member of the United Nations High Level Panel. Robert Badinter has dedicated his long career to a more human justice and fundamental freedoms. As Minister of Justice, he was the author of the bill of abolition of the death penalty in France in 1981. He has been active in the creation of the international tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in the Hague and the International Criminal Court. He is the author of many books, including: The Execution, 1973; Libertés, Libertés, 1975; (with E. Badinter) Condorcet: An Intellectual in Politics, 1988; Free and Equals: The Emancipation of the Jews (1789-1791), 1989; Another Justice, 1990; The Penitentiary System of the Republic, 1992; The Republican Prison (1873-1914), 1993; Ordinary Antisemitism: Vichy and the Jewish Lawyers, 1997; The Abolition, 2000; A European Constitution, 2002; The Greatest Good, 2004; Against Death Penalty, 2006. He was inducted into the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2006.

	Name:	Leo H. Baekeland
	Year Elected:	1935
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1863
	Death Date:	2/23/44

	Name:	George F. Baer
	Year Elected:	1898
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	4/26/14

	Name:	Adolf von Baeyer
	Year Elected:	1910
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased

	Name:	Adolf von Baeyer
	Year Elected:	1910
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1935

	Name:	Dr. Roger S. Bagnall
	Institution:	New York University; Columbia University
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1947

	Roger Bagnall received his Ph.D. at the University of Toronto in 1972. He was assistant professor of classics at Florida State University for two years before moving in 1974 to Columbia University, where he served as professor of classics and history and as dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. In 2007 he became professor of ancient history and Leon Levy Director of the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University, becoming Director Emeritus in 2016 and professor emeritus in 2017. Among the leading historians of Greek and Roman antiquity, Dr. Bagnall enjoys an immense reputation for his work on Roman and Late Antique Egypt, its economy, and its documents on papyri and potsherds. His technical expertise in papyrology is matched by a historical mind of great range. He has also been a pioneer in the application of computer technology to the humanities. Dr. Bagnall has written or edited more than sixty books and over 250 articles, including The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions Outside Egypt (1976); Currency and Inflation in Fourth-Century Egypt (1985); (co-author) Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987); Egypt in Late Antiquity (1993); (co-author) The Demography of Roman Egypt (1994); The Kellis Agricultural Account Book (1997); The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology (2009); Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East (2011); An Oasis City (2015); and Roman Egypt (2021). A brilliant and respected administrator as well as an internationally known scholar, Dr. Bagnall has served as director and president of the American Society of Papyrologists, president of the International Association of Papyrologists, and director and president of the American Philological Association (now the Society for Classical Studies) and is a member of the American Numismatic Society, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the British Academy and l'Académie Royale de Belgique. In 2019 Dr. Bagnall was appointed Honorary President for Life of the American Society of Papyrologists and Honorary President of the International Association of Papyrologists. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001and was elected its President in 2023.

	Name:	Dr. John N. Bahcall
	Institution:	Institute for Advanced Study
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1934
	Death Date:	August 17, 2005

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