Correspondence, notebooks, reports, legal documents, contracts, research data, publications, all of which relate to Goldstine's professional contributions as a professor of mathematics at the University of Chicago, 1936-1939 and University of Michigan, 1939-1950; United States Army, Lieutenant Colonel in charge of the governement development of the ENIAC and EDVAC computers, 1941-1945; Institute for Advanced Study, Assistant Project Director for electronic computer project, 1946-1958; International Business Machines Corporation: Director of Mathematical Sciences, Research 1958-1960; Director Mathematical Sciences Department, IBM Research, 1960-1965; Director of Scientific Development, Data Processing Division, 1965-1967; Consultant to Director of Research, 1967-1969; IBM Fellow, 1969-1984; American Philosophical Society, Executive Officer, 1984-1997. Dr. Goldstine's contributions to the development of the computer are documented in the collection, especially in relation to his work with John von Neumann.

These papers concern business and legal affairs, and include Price's writings on the law of real and personal property, and private wrongs. Also includes a letter to Daniel Webster.

A pioneer in ethnographic and linguistic studies of the American Indian and one of the most active members of the American Philosophical Society, Peter Stephen Du Ponceau helped to establish the American Philosophical Society's reputation as one of the world's foremost centers for the study of American Indians and their languages. The Peter Stephen Du Ponceau collection consists of correspondence on legal matters, Indian linguistics, silk culture, maritime law, the American Philosophical Society, and various publications of the early nineteenth century. The collection also includes several essays by Du Ponceau, most of which deal with maritime law.

A prime exponent of evolutionary theory in the late nineteenth century, the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace arrived independently at the theory of natural selection nearly simultaneously with Charles Darwin. The numerous publications that emerged from his extended field excusions into the Amazon Basin and the Malay Archipelago (Indonesia) Wallace resulted in major contributions to evolutionary theory, biogeography, ecology, and ethnography, and made Wallace, by the end of his life, one of the best known naturalists in Britain. A Socialist, social progressive, and Spiritualist, Wallace's distinctive take on evolutionary change differed from the Darwinian mainstream in significant ways. The Wallace Collection is a miscellaneous assemblage of letters written by and to Alfred Russel Wallace, primarily during the last twenty five years of his life. Varied in content, the letters touch on Wallace's views on evolution, Spiritualism, and to a less degree, his progressive social commitments.

A prolific and decorated scholar, a talented and hard-working administrator, and an encouraging and supportive mentor, Frederick Mosteller was one of the leading statisticians of the twentieth century. He wrote and edited over 50 books and published nearly 350 papers. He was instrumental in establishing the Statistics Department at Harvard University, where he taught and administered for over 50 years. Mosteller contributed to numerous studies in wide-ranging fields from social sciences to healthcare to education. His work was widely recognized and hailed as influential, both in its breadth and content. He was celebrated as both a scholar and leader in statistics. The Mosteller Papers are an important source for scholars in multiple disciplines, both for those interested in particular ground-breaking studies, and for those interested in the history of statistics and statistical methodology. The Mosteller Papers provide an interesting insight into the work of Frederick Mosteller. Including correspondence, manuscripts, printed matter, and awards and certificates, the collection is comprised of twenty linear feet of material from Mosteller's professional life. The collection contains expansive records of Mosteller's time at Harvard University, as a scholar, a teacher, and an administrator. It includes insight into his thoughts, his works, and his activities. Throughout his long and illustrative career, Mosteller collaborated with a wide variety of experts in diverse fields, and contributed to numerous committees and studies, both within academia and in a wider milieu, and the papers attest to that.

These letters to Severinghaus concern diabetes, endocrinology, nutrition, and information about grants and funds. Correspondents are mostly represented by one letter.

A small collection rich in imagery, the Ellen Lehman Native American Photograph Collection consists of 19 albumen prints of late nineteenth-century Native American leaders on cabinet cards. The bulk of the images date from the 1880s and portray important members of the Dakota Indian tribes, many of whom fought against the 7th Cavalry of the U.S. Army at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876. Among the leaders depicted are: Sitting Bull, Gall, Rain in the Face, Crow King, and White Bull. The collection also includes two images of Geronimo, the Bedonkohe Apache leader who resisted Mexican and American expansion in the Southwest in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The majority of the photographs in the collection were taken by David Francis Barry, with Orlando Scott Goff and George W. Scott also contributing.

One of the most influential statisticians of the twentieth century, John Wilder Tukey (1915-2000) played a key role in both the development and study of statistics. Upon receiving his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1939 from Brown University, he joined the faculty at Princeton; in 1945, he also began work at Bell Laboratories. Equally committed to both Princeton and Bell Labs, Tukey chose to work concurrently at both institutions. He was also a consultant for many companies, such as Merck and Company, Xerox Corporation, and the Educational Testing Service, and was a frequent advisor to the government for such programs as the US Census. From 1960 to 1980 he led the statistical component of NBC's election night projections. Among other projects Tukey analyzed Alfred Kinsey's research and examined data on ozone depletion. Tukey made many important contributions to the field of statistics, such as work in time series analysis, exploratory data analysis, and multiple comparisons. Through his work, Tukey developed statistical applications including the Box-and-Whisker Plot, the Stem-and-Leaf Diagram, Cooley-Tukey Fast Fourier Transforms, Tukey's Paired Comparisons and citation and permutated indices. Tukey's influence extends beyond statistics to everyday language: he was the first to use the word "software" in print and coined words such as "bit" and "linear programming." A prolific writer, John W. Tukey penned more than 500 technical papers and reports and published, among numerous other works. His collected papers amount to eight volumes of work. The Tukey Papers provides a comprehensive perspective into Tukey's professional activities from his days as a graduate student until his death in 2000. Among the material is his correspondence and his published and unpublished works. There is abundant material from Tukey's long careers at Bell Laboratories and Princeton University, including extensive lecture notes and syllabi. Also included are copious materials relating to his professional activities with such agencies as the National Research Council, the Army Records Office, Xerox PARC, Merck and Company, the President's Science Advisory Committee, and the National Academy of Sciences.

An extensive family collection, the Vaux Family Papers center around the lives of George Vaux V (1721-1803), George Vaux VII (1779-1836), and George Vaux VIII (1832-1915), their business partners, siblings, wives, and children, and encompasses the extended Vaux family of Warders, Sansoms, Heads, Graffs, Morrises, Cressons, and Mayberrys. The collection includes correspondence, financial accounts, receipts, business records, journals, diaries, photographs, and legal documents.

This is part of the large inventory for the Franz Boas Papers (Mss B B61). For complete information concerning this collection, please view the Collection Description .

The bulk of the material in this collection pertains to the years Bazzoni spent at the University of Pennsylvania (BA 1911, PhD 1914). There are three notebooks filled with student lecture notes from the years 1913-1914. Also, a collection of articles Bazzoni wrote while teaching at Pennsylvania, including several memos to the Educational Survey Committee. There is a notebook tracking his experiments while in London at King's College, and copies of two dissertations by students, presumably from the years Bazzoni was at Pennsylvania. Materials from the post-Pennsylvania years is limited to a notebook of Potential Center Displacement of Logger Tests.

Kept during the Lewis and Clark Expedition, this diary notes distances covered and a draft of suggestions for routes for the fur trade.

Two bound documents, "A chronological series of facts relative to Louisiana" and "An examination into the boundaries of Louisiana." Prepared by Jefferson for U.S. ministers at Paris and Madrid, as a means of determining the extent of the Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson sent these to the APS with a cover letter to Peter S. Du Ponceau, dated December 30, 1817; read in the Historical and Literary Committee, 1818. Printed in Thomas Jefferson, Documents Relating to the Purchase and Exploration of Louisiana (New York, 1904).

The primary correspondence (ca. 65 letters) is with William Cooper (1798-1864) on Bonaparte's publications, especially "American Ornithology" and "Observations on the Nomenclature of Wilson's Ornithology," but also included are many references to American and European men of science and learned societies. There are also letters to Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, George Robert Gray, Titian Ramsay Peale, and Wilhelm P. S. Rüppell.

Records of the school board-level flareup in 2003-2004 in Darby, Montana regarding the passage, and then recission of a policy requiring the teaching of "Objective Origins", which was a cover for the teaching of Intelligent Design.

Includes correspondence, autobiographical notes, addresses, articles, and drawings. The collection reflects Riddle's interests in breeding, heredity, and evolution. He was interested in humanism and the presentation of biological and evolutionary theories. There is much information on Riddle's activities in favor of freedom of scientific teaching, especially in high schools.

Correspondence of Dr. George M. Mackenzie with friends and associates of Karl Landsteiner; memoranda of conversations; notes and recollections of Landsteiner by Thomas M. Rivers, 1944-1952, and by Max Neuberger; Landsteiner's departmental reports at Rockefeller Institute, 1923-1943; correspondence on publications. There is much material on immunology, the study of blood, the Nobel award, 1930, antisemitism, and the Vienna medical schools.

This sheet, Lewis 5 [probably 25, label is damaged; see Sorbus scopulina, No. 182 below], has long been misidentified. Meehan (1898: 30) reports the specimen as Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Spreng (Syst. Veg. 1: 759. 1825) and it has been variously annotated over the years, with Piper suggesting L. utahensis and L. ebractulata Rydb. (in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 372. 1900). We believe Piper is correct in that we regard the latter name to be a synonym of L. utahensis (fide Cronquist et al., 1984). Moulton (in press) lists the plant as L. ciliosa (Pursh) DC. (Prodr. 4: 333. 1830). There are two labels on the sheet, one giving the date as 16 Jul 1806 and a second as 2 Sep 1805. The latter is an original Lewis label with a collection number and a brief diagnosis. On 16 Jun 1806 the expedition was on the Lolo Trail in Idaho Co., Idaho (Moulton, 1993: 27-31). On 2 Sep 1805, they were in Lemhi Co., Idaho, traveling along the North Fork of the Salmon River from near the mouth of Hull Creek to near the junction of Hammerean Creek (Moulton, 1988: 183-185). The specimen seems to be of a proper developmental state for the September date. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:09/02/1805

Alfred Irving ("Pete") Hallowell was an anthropologist best known for his studies of Ojibwa culture and world-view, and the innovative use of the Rorschach Test in his studies of the psychological interrelations of individuals and their culture. Early in his career, Hallowell worked as a social case worker for Family Service, and even after moving on to study anthropology in 1920 (M.A.), he carried with him an interest in ethnic and racial culture, developing additional interests in psychological testing. Except for the years 1944-1947, when he taught at Northwestern University, Hallowell spent his entire career at the University of Pennsylvania where he was professor of anthropology, professor of anthropological psychiatry in the Medical School, and curator of social anthropology at the University Museum. A cultural anthropologist, Hallowell's use of clinical psychological methods, especially Rorschach tests, was both innovative and controversial in his discipline. In his research, he concentrated on the Algonkian Indians, especially the Abenaki and Ojibwa Indians of Canada and Wisconsin (Berens River, Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, and Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin areas), and the Saulteaux of Berens River. The Alfred Irving Hallowell Papers (1892-1981) contain correspondence, subject files, manuscripts of published and unpublished works by Hallowell, papers by colleagues and students, research notes kept by Hallowell, with a special emphasis on social organization, personality, behavior, psychology, religion, and folklore. The collection of several hundred photographs provides rich graphic documentation of Hallowell's work among the Ojibwa and Abnaki Indians during the 1930s.

A gifted mathematician, Polish-born Stanislaw Ulam made contributions to set theory, topology, mathematical logic, and number theory, but is most widely remembered for his work in fostering the technical development of thermonuclear weapons. He was associated with Los Alamos Scientific Laboratories for most of the years between 1943 and 1965, and thereafter with the University of Colorado. These papers include personal and professional correspondence, manuscripts of both published and unpublished works, and memorabilia.