| | 1 | Name: | Dr. Mahzarin R. Banaji | | | Institution: | Harvard University; Santa Fe Institute | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 305 | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
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| | | Birth Date: | 1956 | | | | | | |
Mahzarin Banaji is currently Richard Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics in the Department of Psychology of Harvard University, Senior Advisor to Dean in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University, and External Faculty at the Santa Fe Institute. She earned her Ph.D. from the Ohio State University in 1986. She taught at Yale University, including as Reuben Post Halleck Professor of Psychology, before moving to Harvard University and the Santa Fe Institute. At Harvard she has held the titles of Carol K. Pforzheimer Professor of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study and Harvard College Professor; she was George A. and Helen Dunham Cowan Chair in Human Social Dynamics, at the Santa Fe Institute.
Mahzarin Banaji pioneered the science of automatic stereotyping. She developed with Greenwald a theory, rigorous evidence, and widely-used measure of implicit associations between social groups (e.g., gender, race) and evaluative valence. These rapid associations (ingroup = good, outgroup = bad) may contradict people’s conscious rejection of prejudice. Nevertheless, implicit association tests are reliable and valid, correlate with relevant neural activations (e.g., amygdala), and predict behavior—especially for politically sensitive issues—sometimes better than do explicit attitudes. Banaji’s recent work traces their origins to cultural exposure in childhood. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that immediate associations are under bounded control. Because individuals cannot reliably monitor bias, Banaji develops legal and ethical implications: social systems can better detect patterns of bias. Often unaware of bias, people may even justify a system biased against their own group. Through tireless public outreach, Banaji educates business, law, and education organizations about unconscious bias and its inadvertent waste of human capital.
Mahzarin Banaji has won a Presidential Citation from the American Psychological Association in 2007 and William James Fellow Award of the Association for Psychological Science in 2016. She is a charter member of the American Psychological Society (now Association for Psychological Science), which she joined in 1988, was secretary from 1997-99, and was president from 2010-11. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2008), the British Academy (2015), and the National Academy of Sciences (2018). She authored (with A. Greenwald) Blindspot: Hidden biases of good people, 2016. Mahzarin Banaji was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2020. | |
| 2 | Name: | Dr. Joyce E. Chaplin | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
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| | | Birth Date: | 1960 | | | | | | |
Joyce Chaplin is currently James Duncan Phillips Professor of Early American History at Harvard University. She earned her Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1986, after which she spent a decade and a half at Vanderbilt University before moving to Harvard.
Joyce Chaplin is a wide-ranging and innovative historian of early America who has made a special study of Benjamin Franklin, colonialism, and environment. Her interests include the oceans as trading routes and she has occasionally taught in a maritime studies program. She is director of the American Studies program at Harvard. Her book, Round About the Earth: Circumnavigation from Magellan to Orbit (2012), has been translated into several languages. She is perhaps best known for her biography, The First Scientific American: Benjamin Franklin and the Pursuit of Genius (2006). Other interests include historical food studies. She is currently a Guggenheim Fellow working on a history of resource conservation, climate change, and settler colonialism, “The Franklin Stove: Heat and Life in the Little Ice Age.”
Joyce Chaplin has won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize (2006) and the Sidney N. Zubrow Award of the Pennsylvania Hospital (2006). She is a member of the American Antiquarian Society (2007), Massachusetts Historical Society (fellow & trustee 2008), and the Colonial Society of Massachusetts (2011). In addition to those mentioned earlier, her works include: An Anxious Pursuit: Agricultural Innovation and Modernity in the Lower South, 1730-1815, 1993; Subject Matter: Technology, the Body, and Science on the Anglo-American Frontier, 1500-1676, 2001; Benjamin Franklin's Political Arithmetic: A Materialist View of Humanity, 2009; Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Norton Critical Edition, 2012; (edited with with P. Freedman, K. Albala) Food in Time and Place, 2014; (edited with D. McMahon) Genealogies of Genius, 2015; (with A. Bashford) The New Worlds of Thomas Robert Malthus: Rereading the Principle of Population, 2016. Joyce Chaplin was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2020. | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. Scott Edwards | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
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| | | Birth Date: | 1963 | | | | | | |
Scott Edwards is currently Alexander Agassiz Professor, Curator of Birds at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1992, after which he spent a decade at the University of Washington.
Scott Edwards pioneered the application of genomics and population genetic approaches to natural populations of birds. He creatively integrates theory with field, museum, and laboratory research. Edwards has led his field of ornithology into the age of genomics by examining genomic evolution in a setting that applies population genetics, systematics, and natural history to diverse questions. His work has broad generality beyond the target taxa, and he has contributed importantly to both theory and methods. His lab applies cutting edge population genetics to studies on diverse problems in genomics and evolutionary biology. With Beerli he modernized phylogeography. With Liu and Pearl he developed methods that promise to revolutionize phylogenetic analyses of large molecular datasets. He has made extensive contributions to understanding behavioral evolution, speciation, and biogeography of Australian birds. Edwards is a versatile and prolific scientist who has proven to be an effective communicator and a wonderful role model.
In 2015 he won the Elliot Coues Award of the American Ornithologists Union. He is a member of the Society of Systematic Biology (president, 2009), the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2009), the American Genetic Association (president, 2011), and the National Academy of Sciences (2015). Scott Edwards was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2020. | |
| 4 | Name: | Dr. James M. Moran | | | Institution: | Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 101. Astronomy | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
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| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | | | | |
James Moran is currently Senior Scientist at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and Donald H. Menzel Emeritus Professor of Astrophysics at Harvard University. He earned his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1968. He has spent most of his career at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and Harvard University.
James Moran has led a decades long program which has directly established the geometric scale of the universe and provided the first direct evidence for the existence of supermassive black holes. These exquisite observations began with Moran’s 1967 pioneering work in the development of Very Long Baseline spectral line interferometry and culminated with his observations of cosmic H2O maser sources to obtain the direct geometric distance to a galaxy, independent of traditional multiple step extragalactic distance ladder and its uncertain metallicity corrections. The extragalactic distance scale is a key ingredient in establishing the equation state of dark matter as well as being an essential prerequisite for the determination of the age, energy density, synthesis of the light elements, geometry, and the evolution of the universe. The current “tension” between the maser/Cepheid/supernova and Planck values of the Hubble constant, 73.24p/m1.74 and 67.8p/m0.9 respectively, depends fundamentally on these direct geometric measurements.
James Moran was awarded the Rumford Prize of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1971, the Newton Lacy Pierce Prize of the American Astronomical Society in 1978, and the Grote Reber Gold Medal in 2013. He is a member of the International Astronomical Union (president, Division X and Commission 40, 1997-2000), the National Academy of Sciences (1998), and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2010). James Moran was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2020. | |
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