Subdivision
| • | 101. Astronomy |
(15)
| | • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(26)
| | • | 103. Engineering |
(3)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(14)
| | • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(7)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(26)
| | • | 107 |
(1)
| | • | 200 |
(2)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(12)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(8)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(11)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(13)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(8)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(7)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(1)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(6)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(9)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(5)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(12)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(12)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(11)
| | • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(6)
| | • | 305 |
(7)
| | • | 401. Archaeology |
(18)
| | • | 402. Criticism: Arts and Letters |
(3)
| | • | 402a |
(2)
| | • | 402b |
(1)
| | • | 403. Cultural Anthropology |
(9)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(14)
| | • | 404a |
(8)
| | • | 404b |
(4)
| | • | 404c |
(3)
| | • | 405 [401] |
(1)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(14)
| | • | 406. Linguistics |
(13)
| | • | 407. Philosophy |
(5)
| | • | 408 |
(2)
| | • | 501. Creative Artists |
(9)
| | • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(8)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(42)
| | • | 504. Scholars in the Professions |
(1)
|
| | 141 | Name: | Roland Bonaparte | | | Year Elected: | 1895 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 142 | Name: | Sir Christopher C. Booth | | | Institution: | University College, London | | | Year Elected: | 1981 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | July 13, 2012 | | | | | | |
Sir Christopher Booth was a distinguished physician who occupied many high-profile positions, including President of the British Medical Association, Director of the Medical Research Council's Clinical Research Centre and President of the Royal Society of Medicine. His early interests in medical history resulted in a paper on Dr. John Fothergill and angina pectoris that was published in the very first volume of Medical History in 1957 while he was a research registrar at the Hammersmith Hospital, London. Soon after, he commenced important research on vitamin B12 absorption and utilization. In 1971 he published, with Betsy Corner, selected correspondence of John Fothergill, an achievement for any historian, let alone one who was also a professor of medicine. As a historian, Sir Christopher pioneered unique fields, and his enthusiastic investigation of doctors from the Yorkshire Dales revealed a network of remarkable characters, many of them Quakers, whose influence spread from Yorkshire to have great effect in national and international medical worlds. Sir Christopher was an Honorary Professor and member of the Wellcome Trust Group for the study of 20th century medicine at University College, London from 1989 until his death on July 13, 2012. He was elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society in 1981. | |
| 143 | Name: | Franz Bopp | | | Year Elected: | 1863 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 144 | Name: | Dr. Armand Borel | | | Institution: | Institute for Advanced Study | | | Year Elected: | 1985 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1923 | | | Death Date: | August 11, 2003 | | | | |
| 145 | Name: | J.A. Borgnis | | | Year Elected: | 1820 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 146 | Name: | Jean-Baptiste Bornet | | | Year Elected: | 1911 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 147 | Name: | John Bost | | | Year Elected: | 1864 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 148 | Name: | Carlo Botta | | | Year Elected: | 1816 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 149 | Name: | Jacques Boucher | | | Year Elected: | 1863 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 150 | Name: | Comte de Luc Urbain du Bouexic | | | Year Elected: | 1785 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1712 | | | | |
| 151 | Name: | Dr. Kenneth Bourne | | | Institution: | London School of Economics, University of London | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1930 | | | Death Date: | 12/13/92 | | | | |
| 152 | Name: | Professor Karl Dietrich Bracher | | | Institution: | University of Bonn | | | Year Elected: | 1978 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1922 | | | Death Date: | September 19, 2016 | | | | | | |
Karl Bracher is considered by German historians and analysts alike to be a pathbreaker in scholarly analyses of the Nazi regime. After receiving his D. Phil. from the University of Tübingen in 1948, he taught at the Free University of Berlin from 1955-58 before moving to the University of Bonn in 1959 as a professor of political science and contemporary history. In books such as Turning Points in Modern Times (1995), Dr. Bracher has constructed arguments against dictatorship, illuminated threats to democracy and offered blueprints for coming to terms with the legacies of Nazism, fascism and Communism. As a founder of the "new history" of Germany, he is known for considering historical events through the theories of social science and the values of liberalism and democracy. His book The German Dictatorship (1970), a penetrating and incisive study of Adolf Hitler, is considered to be his crowning achievement. Dr. Bracher is a past president of the German Association of Political Science and was a fellow of the Institute for Advanced Studies of Stanford and Princeton Universities. He became a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1971, the American Philosophical Society in 1978, and the British Academy in 1976. | |
| 153 | Name: | Sir William H. Bragg | | | Year Elected: | 1940 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1862 | | | Death Date: | 3/12/42 | | | | |
| 154 | Name: | Wm. Lawrence Bragg | | | Year Elected: | 1943 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1890 | | | Death Date: | 7/1/71 | | | | |
| 155 | Name: | Ferdinand F.S. de Brahm | | | Year Elected: | 1784 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 156 | Name: | Ferdnand P. A. Braudel | | | Year Elected: | 1964 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1902 | | | Death Date: | 11/28/85 | | | | |
| 157 | Name: | Alexander G. Braun | | | Year Elected: | 1862 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 158 | Name: | Edward W. Brayley | | | Year Elected: | 1842 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 159 | Name: | J.L. Armand de Quatrefages de Breau | | | Year Elected: | 1891 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | | |
| 160 | Name: | Dr. Sydney Brenner | | | Institution: | The Salk Institute | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 207. Genetics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | April 5, 2019 | | | | | | |
Sydney Brenner was born in South Africa and studied medicine and science at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Working in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory, he received his D.Phil. degree from Oxford University in 1952. After briefly returning to South Africa, Dr. Brenner joined the Medical Research Council's Unit in the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. He became the director of its successor, the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, in 1979. In 1987 he became director of the MRC's Unit of Molecular Genetics, retiring in 1992. His early research was in molecular genetics. Working with bacterophages and bacteria, he discovered messenger RNA (working with Jacob and Meselson) and, with Crick, showed that the code was composed of triplets. In the 1960s, he changed the direction of his work and began research on C. elegans, establishing it as a powerful experimental system for the analysis of complex biological processes. Believing that the techniques of cloning and sequencing would open up new ways of approaching genetics, he turned his attention to vertebrate genomics and established the pufferfish genome as a valuable tool in genome analysis. He served as the founder and president of the Molecular Sciences Institute, a private research institute in Berkeley, CA. His achievements were recognized with the Albert Lasker Medical Research Award (1971), both the Royal Medal (1974) and the Copley Medal (1991) from the Royal Society of London, and the Kyoto Prize (1990), to name just four of more than twenty such honors. In 1987 he was named a Companion of Honour. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002. He was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1979. Sydney Brenner died April 5, 2019 in Singapore at the age of 92. | |
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