APS Member History

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1	Name:	Dr. James Barr
	Institution:	Vanderbilt University
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	October 14, 2006

2	Name:	Dr. Donald Thomas Campbell
	Institution:	Lehigh University
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1916
	Death Date:	5/6/96

3	Name:	Dr. Renato Dulbecco
	Institution:	Salk Institute
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	202. Cellular and Developmental Biology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1914
	Death Date:	February 19, 2012

	A distinguished research professor and president emeritus of the Salk Institute, Italian-born Renato Dulbecco made fundamental contributions to understanding the uncontrolled growth of cells that occurs in cancer. He is best known for his discovery that tumor viruses cause cancer by inserting their own genes into the chromosomes of infected cells. This finding was one of the first clues to the genetic nature of cancer and led to Dr. Dulbecco being awarded a Nobel Prize in 1975. Dr. Dulbecco subsequently began studying the origins and progression of tumors of the breast, using monoclonal antibodies, tools of molecular biology that can identify cells by their chemical signatures, to characterize the tumor cells. In 1986 Dr. Dulbecco launched the idea of studying all human genes, starting the worldwide Human Genome Project. He is the author of The Design of Life (1987), a work that represents, in his words, "the exciting developments that have taken place in biology with accelerated rhythm since the '50s." The last chapter of this book, "A Life Odyssey," is a magisterial summary of the origin and history of living things over the past nearly four billion years.

4	Name:	Dr. Michael E. Fisher
	Institution:	University of Maryland; Cornell University
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	November 26, 2021

	Michael E. Fisher has been called the unquestioned father of the modern theory of the behavior of matter at thermodynamic phase transitions and critical points. Beginning with early work on understanding the non-analytic mean description of matter near a critical point (the existence of generalized power-law changes of physical properties in the neighborhood of a critical point), he went on to participate in the great 1965-72 period during which this deep, long-standing problem was effectively solved. Persisting in broadening and deepening the breatkthrough mode in this period, Dr. Fisher's group exploited the renormalization group scheme, which came to penetrate science in fields as far apart as polymers and cosmology. Since 1987 Dr. Fisher has been a professor at the University of Maryland's Institute for Physical Science and Technology. Born in Trinidad in 1931, he holds a Ph.D. from the University of London, and he has also taught at the Royal Air Force Technical College, King's College, the University of London and, from 1966 to 1987, at Cornell University. Winner of the American Physical Society's Irving Langmuir Prize (1971), the Wolf Prize (1980) and the Boltzmann Medal (1983) among other honors, Dr. Fisher is a fellow of the Royal Society and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences. He is an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the Indian Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the Brasilian Academy of Sciences and of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.

5	Name:	Dr. Murray Gell-Mann
	Institution:	Santa Fe Institute & California Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	May 24, 2019

	Murray Gell-Mann received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1969 for his work on the theory of elementary particles. Professor Gell-Mann's "eightfold way" theory brought order to the chaos created by the discovery of some 100 particles in the atom's nucleus, then he found that all of those particles, including the neutron and proton, are composed of fundamental building blocks that he named "quarks." The quarks are permanently confined by forces coming from the exchange of "gluons." He and others later constructed the quantum field theory of quarks and gluons, called "quantum chromodynamics," which seems to account for all the nuclear particles and their strong interactions. Besides being a Nobel laureate, Professor Gell-Mann received the Ernest O. Lawrence Memorial Award of the Atomic Energy Commission, the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute, the Research Corporation Award, and the John J. Carty medal of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Gell-Mann was awarded the Albert Einstein Medal in 2005. In 1988 he was listed on the United Nations Environmental Program Roll of Honor for Environmental Achievement (the Global 500). Professor Gell-Mann was the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, where he taught from 1955 until 1993. He was a director of the J.D. and C.T. MacArthur Foundation from 1979-2002. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Dr. Gell-Mann served on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society, was a Citizen Regent of the Smithsonian (1974-88), served on the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (1994-2001), and was a member of the Board of Directors of Encyclopedia Brittanica. Although he was a theoretical physicist, Professor Gell-Mann's interests extended to many other subjects, including natural history, historical linguistics, archaeology, history, depth psychology, and creative thinking, all subjects connected with biological evolution, cultural evolution, and learning and thinking. He felt deep concern about policy matters related to world environmental quality (including conservation of biological diversity), restraint in population growth, sustainable economic development, and stability of the world political system. His later research at the Santa Fe Institute focused on the subject of complex adaptive systems, which brings all these areas of study together. He was also interested in how knowledge and understanding are to be extracted from the welter of "information" that can now be transmitted and stored as a result of the digital revolution. He was author of the popular science book The Quark and the Jaguar, Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. Murray Gell-Mann died May 24, 2019 in Santa Fe, New Mexico at the age of 89.

6	Name:	Dr. Anthony Grafton
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1950

	Anthony Grafton studied history, history of science and classics at the University of Chicago and University College London, where he had a Fulbright Scholarship in 1973-74 and worked with Arnaldo Momigliano. Since 1975 he has taught history at Princeton University, where he is now Henry Putnam University Professor. His books include Joseph Scaliger (1983-93), Defenders of the Text (1991) and The Footnote: A Curious History (1997).

7	Name:	Dr. Robert L. Herbert
	Institution:	Mount Holyoke College
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	December 17, 2020

	Robert L. Herbert was a world-renowned Impressionism scholar and Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Humanities Emeritus at Mount Holyoke College. Perhaps the leading American scholar of French painting of the late 19th century, Dr. Herbert possesses the unique ability to analyze individual paintings, a flair for lucid, fluid prose, and a mastery of the social and economic milieu of the period. A prolific author, he has published major works on individual artists including Jean-François Millet and Georges Seurat. Dr. Herbert received his Ph.D. in 1957 from Yale University, where he later served as assistant professor (1960-63), associate professor (1963-66), professor (1966-74) and Robert Lehman Professor of History of Art (1974-90) before joining the faculty at Mount Holyoke as Professor of Art History. A gifted teacher, Dr. Herbert has trained two generations of excellent scholars in his field, and he is a recipient of the College Art Association's Distinguished Teaching of Art History Award. A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, he is also an Officer dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of the French government. He died on December 17, 2020.

8	Name:	Dr. Richard Herr
	Institution:	University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1922
	Death Date:	May 29, 2022

	Richard Herr spent his first ten years in Mexico, the son of an American mining engineer. After his family moved to Cincinnati, he attended Walnut Hills High School there and went to Harvard University for an A.B. in history (1943). He served in the U.S. Army Signal Intelligence Corps in Europe, 1943-45, enjoying being stationed in London and then in Paris. At the end of the war he remained in France in order to attend the Sorbonne for a year. While there he married Elena Fernández Mel, a refugee from the Spanish Civil War. They have two sons, Charles and Winship. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1966. In 1968 he married Valerie Shaw. They have two daughters, Sarah and Jane. Dr. Herr prepared a Ph.D. in history at the University of Chicago (1954). From 1952-59 he was a junior faculty member at Yale University, and after 1960 an associate and later full professor of history at the University of California, Berkeley. He retired in 1991, becoming professor of history emeritus. A specialist on the history of France and Spain in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Dr. Herr has spent a number of years in both countries. One of his works is a critical study of Alexis de Tocqueville as a historian. His early research was on the impact of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution on Spanish thought and politics. This subject led him into the evolution of Spanish agriculture at the end of the Old Regime, and he taught and wrote on the agricultural revolution in Europe. His recent work deals with the evolution of individualism and community spirit in the Western world since the eighteenth century, an outgrowth of his continuing interest in the significance of the Enlightenment.

9	Name:	Dr. Eugene Patrick Kennedy
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1919
	Death Date:	September 22, 2011

	Eugene Patrick Kennedy was born in Chicago in 1919. He enrolled at De Paul University in 1937 as a chemistry major and then went to the University of Chicago in 1941 for graduate training in organic chemistry. To pay his tuition, Dr. Kennedy also got a job in the chemical research department of Armour and Company, one of the large meat packers in Chicago. As part of the war effort, his job at Armour was to assist in the large scale fractionation of bovine blood to obtain pure bovine serum albumin. It was believed that the bovine serum albumin might be useful for treating shock in soldiers on the battlefield. However, by the end of 1942, hope had faded that bovine serum albumin would be an effective treatment, and the Red Cross started to collect blood from volunteers instead. Armour opened a new facility in Fort Worth, Texas for the fractionation of human blood from donors, and Kennedy was sent to Fort Worth to assist in this effort. He remained in Texas until 1945, when the war was nearing its end and large amounts of human plasma proteins had been stockpiled. Returning to the University of Chicago, Dr. Kennedy immediately transferred from the Department of Chemistry to the Department of Biochemistry. His experience on the plasma project had led to a new appreciation of biochemistry. After finishing graduate school, Dr. Kennedy went to the University of California, Berkeley, to work with Horace A. Barker, who had just discovered that soluble extracts of Clostridium kluyveri cells could produce short-chain fatty acids from ethyl alcohol. Although the initial discovery had already been made, there was much to be learned about these extracts, and Dr. Kennedy aided in this effort. In 1950, he joined Fritz Lipmann at Harvard Medical School. He then returned to the University of Chicago in 1951, after being given a joint appointment in the Department of Biochemistry and the newly organized Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research. In 1959, he was invited to become a Hamilton Kuhn Professor and head of the Department of Biological Chemistry at the Harvard Medical School. Over the course of his career, Dr. Kennedy made major contributions to the biosynthesis of phospholipids, the basic component of all membranes, and to our understanding of membrane function. He discovered the first step of phospholipid synthesis, the reaction of cytidine triphosphate and phosphorylcholine to form cytidine diphosphocholine, as well as the enzyme which catalyzes the reaction. It was Dr. Kennedy who found that a protein, permease, was responsible for the transport of sugars through the bacterial membrane. His research consistently elucidated the structure, localization and biosynthesis of oligosaccharides derived from membranes. Dr. Kennedy's interests also led him to investigate membrane biogenesis and function in bacteria, the translocation of membrane phospholipids, and periplasmic glucans and cell signaling in bacteria. He was the recipient of many honors including the Gairdner Foundation Award and the American Chemical Society's Paul Lewis Award. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. Eugene Patrick Kennedy died on September 22, 2011, at the age of 92 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Kennedy was at Harvard as the Hamilton Kuhn Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Emeritus.

10	Name:	Miss Margaret E. Mahoney
	Institution:	MEM Associates, Inc.
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	December 22, 2011

	Margaret E. Mahoney was President of MEM Associates, Inc, a national not-for-profit organization located in New York City that focused on improving the health and general well-being of Americans. One of its major initiatives, the Healthy Steps for Young Children Program, is a partnership of national and local foundations that assist health care systems and professionals in improving the care of children from birth to age three. Before leading MEM Associates, Ms. Mahoney was President of The Commonwealth Fund, where she became the first woman to head a major foundation. She has also served in the United States Department of State, for the Carnegie Corporation of New York, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Her career was devoted to advancing knowledge and understanding of issues concerning health, education, the arts and the humanities. Ms. Mahoney was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Council on Foreign Relations, the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine, the New York Academy of Medicine, and the honorary medical society of Alpha Omega Alpha. She served on a number of national boards and was active in New York City in medical affairs. A graduate of Vanderbilt University, she held honorary degrees from several colleges and universities and received numerous awards including the American College of Physicians Edward R. Loveland Award. Margaret Mahoney died on December 22, 2011, at the age of 87, in New York City.

11	Name:	Hon. George Crews McGhee
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1912
	Death Date:	July 4, 2005

12	Name:	Dr. Emily Hartshorne Mudd
	Institution:	Marriage Council of Philadelphia & Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1898
	Death Date:	5/2/98

13	Name:	Dr. Elizabeth F. Neufeld
	Institution:	David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1928

	Elizabeth Neufeld is a leading biochemist responsible for advancing the understanding of the function of the organelles within cells known as lysosomes, which are responsible for the disposal of many molecules that have completed their usefulness to the cell. Dr. Neufeld has made use of inborn defects in lysosomal enzymes and other "experiments of nature" to discover these mechanisms, and in the process she has uncovered methods of diagnosis and management of the disorders that have been of immense benefit to patients. An effective teacher and scientific collaborator, Dr. Neufeld earned her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1956. Currently professor emeritus of biological chemistry at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, she also worked for many years at the National Institutes of Health. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Dr. Neufeld is the recipient of awards such as the American Society of Human Genetics' William Allan Award (1982), the Albert Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award (1982) the Wolf Prize in Medicine (1988) and the National Medal of Science (1994).

14	Name:	Dr. Peter Carey Nowell
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1928
	Death Date:	December 26, 2016

	A professor of pathology at the University of Pennsylvania from 1964 to his retirement in 2008, Peter Carey Nowell was a creative and distinguished scholar who was internationally recognized for discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome in granulocytic leukemia - the first constant chromosomal abnormality specifically associated with any form of cancer. This discovery led to the founding of an entirely new field of research: cancer cytogenetics. Some of Dr. Nowell's other important medical discoveries are less well known. He was the first to demonstrate that bone marrow transplantation could save lethally irradiated animals, and he was also the first to show that certain sugar-containing plant products (lectins) caused white blood cells to divide, a property that has been widely used in medical research. He also proposed a widely-accepted theory to explain the evolution of malignancy among the cells of tumors. With hundreds of publications to his credit, including more than a few "citation classics," Dr. Nowell was an academic leader who has served as both director of the cancer center and chairman of pathology at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1952 he received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and he has worked there throughout his career. A past president of the American Society for Experimental Pathology, Dr. Nowell was also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the recipient of awards such as the Leukemia Society of America's Robert de Villiers Award (1987), the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's Fred W. Stewart Award (1989), and the Franklin Institute's Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science (2009). Peter Nowell died December 26, 2016, at age 88.

15	Name:	Dr. Martin Ostwald
	Institution:	Swarthmore College & University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1922
	Death Date:	April 10, 2010

	Martin Ostwald is the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Classics at Swarthmore College as well as Professor Emeritus of Classical Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. With scholarly interests in the field of ancient Greek political thought and institutions, he is considered among the most influential and productive students of his time in both classical literature and ancient history. Born in Dortmund, Germany in 1922, Dr. Ostwald escaped the Nazi occupation and Sachsenhausen concentration camp as a youth, fleeing first to Holland, then to England and Canada before settling in the United States. After studying and teaching Greek and Latin in refugee camps, he received his higher education in classics at the Universities of Toronto (B.A., 1946) and Chicago (A.M., 1948) and at Columbia University (Ph.D., 1952). Dr. Ostwald has held teaching posts at Wesleyan University (1950-51), Columbia University (1951-58), Swarthmore College (1958-92) and the University of Pennsylvania (1968-92). At Swarthmore, he taught honors seminars that combined Germanic philological rigor with a relaxed, conversational style while also maintaining a joint appointment with the University of Pennsylvania, which allowed him to continue research on fifth-century Athens with Penn graduate students. He held this dual role for 20 years. Dr. Ostwald has also published widely, and his magnum opus, From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law, in which he examined the political and social tensions within ancient Athens, has been praised as an indispensable work of political, social, and cultural history. Among his other works are Aristotle, the Nichomachean Ethics (1962); Nomos and the Beginnings of the Athenian Democracy (1969); From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law (1987); and Ananke in Thucydides (1988). A past president of the American Philological Association, Dr. Ostwald was elected to the membership of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1991 and the American Philosophical Society in 1993.

16	Name:	The Honorable Ellen Ash Peters
	Institution:	University of Connecticut ;Connecticut Supreme Court
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1930

	Ellen Ash Peters has had two professional careers in the law. For 22 years, she taught contracts and commercial law at The Yale Law School. For the following 22 years, she was a member, and, for many years, chief justice, of the Connecticut Supreme Court. Having reached the age of mandatory retirement, she now hears cases on the Connecticut Appellate Court.

17	Name:	Dr. Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway
	Institution:	Bryn Mawr College
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	403. Cultural Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1929

	Brunilde Ridgway is the Rhys Carpenter Professor Emerita of Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology at Bryn Mawr College. Born and educated in Italy, she received a Laurea in Lettere Classiche from the University of Messina in 1953. Earning her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees at Bryn Mawr, she joined the faculty there in 1957 as an assistant instructor and remained at the College until her retirement in 1994. Dr. Ridgway is a meticulous scholar, a dynamic and dedicated teacher and a passionate advocate of modern critical appreciation of ancient art. With a specialty in Greek sculpture, her understanding of the cultural context and talent for guiding the mind and eye have made seminal contributions to modern awareness of the meaning and quality of ancient works of art in civic, religious and architectural settings, and their impact on contemporaries as well as postclassical generations. In addition to a vigorous teaching and lecture schedule, Brunilde Ridgway is the author or coauthor of sixteen books, including a now three-volume set entitled Hellenistic Sculpture which covers the period from 331 to 31 B.C. She has also published 101 articles and 124 book reviews and, from 1977 to 1985, served as Editor-in-Chief of The American Journal of Archaeology. She delivered the 1981-82 Thomas Spencer Jerome Lectures at the University of Michigan and the American Academy in Rome and the 1996 Sather Classical Lectures at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Ridgway is the recipient of the 1988 Gold Medal from the Archaeological Institute of America and of honorary degrees from Union College and Georgetown University. Her teaching awards include the Christian R. and Mary F. Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching (1981) and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education's National Gold Medal as well as the title of Pennsylvania Professor of the Year (1989). Dr. Ridgway was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1993. In 2006 she was awarded the Society's 2006 Henry Allen Moe Prize in the Humanities for her work "The Study of Greek Sculpture in the Twenty-first Century".

18	Name:	Dr. Janet D. Rowley
	Institution:	University of Chicago
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	207. Genetics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1925
	Death Date:	December 17, 2013

	Janet Rowley received a Ph.B. in 1944, a B.S. in anatomy in 1946, and an M.D. in medicine in 1948, all at the University of Chicago. After working as attending physician at the Infant Welfare and Prenatal Clinics for the Montgomery County, Maryland Department of Public Health and later in clinics in Chicago, Dr. Rowley worked as a research fellow at the Dr. Julian D. Levinson Foundation, and as a clinical instructor in neurology at the University of Illinois School of Medicine in Chicago. Following a year as a National Institutes of Health special trainee in the radiobiology laboratory of the Churchill Hospital in Oxford, she returned to the University of Chicago in 1962 as a research associate and assistant professor. She was the Blum-Riese Distinguished Service Professor of Medicine, of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, and of Human Genetics at the University of Chicago since 1982. She was the cofounder and coeditor of the journal Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer and served on the editorial boards of many journals. Her laboratory analyzed the genetic consequences of the recurring chromosome abnormalities seen in human leukemia cells, including cloning several new genes at translocation breakpoints. She is currently investigating the pattern of gene expression and microRNA expression in various translocations to determine which differences have the greatest impact on all function and which are of diagnostic and prognostic importance and which are potential therapeutic targets. Dr. Rowley received many honors, including a National Medal of Science in 1998, the Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research that same year (which she shared with APS members Alfred G. Knudson and Peter C. Nowell), the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009, and the American Association for Cancer Research's Award for Liferime Achievement in 2010. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1993. She was awarded the Society's 2003 Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences "in recognition of her discovery of chromosomal translocations associated with cancer and of the range of basic research and clinical applications her continuing work makes possible, from identifying the genetic alterations that cause cancer to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer; and in recognition also of her exemplary leadership and mentorship in the world of bio-medical sciences." Janet Rowley died December 17, 2013, at the age of 88, at her home in Chicago.

19	Name:	Dr. Herbert Eli Scarf
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	302. Economics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	November 15, 2015

	Herbert E. Scarf was the Sterling Professor of Economics Emeritus at Yale University, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1963. Scarf’s most enduring legacy was an algorithm - named for him - that enables economists to evaluate how markets, companies and even households would respond to fundamental changes in tax policy or trade strategies. He received a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Princeton University in 1954 and was employed at the RAND Corporation from 1954-56. In 1956 he was asked by Professors Kenneth J. Arrow and Samuel Karlin to join them at Stanford University to collaborate in the development of inventory theory. Dr. Scarf remained at Stanford until 1963, continuing to work on inventory theory and extending his interests to more general problems in mathematical economics. Over the years, he had been concerned with a variety of different applications of mathematics to economic theory, studying optimal policies for dynamic inventory problems, the stability of the classical model of economic equilibrium, the development of numerical algorithms for computing equilibrium prices and the relations between economic equilibria and cooperative n-person game theory. For a number of years, he concentrated on the detailed analysis of production in which indivisibilities (e.g., large, discrete choices) play an important role. His underlying motivation had been to incorporate into equilibrium analysis a treatment of large firms, whose size derives from the presence of economics of scale in production. Dr. Scarf was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences and has served as Director of the Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics at Yale University; as Director of the Division of Social Sciences at Yale; and as the President of the Econometric Society. The recipient of an Honorary Degree from the University of Chicago, he won the Lanchester Prize and the von Neumann Medal of the Operations Research Society of America and was a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association. Herbert Scarf died November 15, 2015, at the age of 85, at his home in Sag Harbor, New York.

20	Name:	Dr. Edward C. Stone
	Institution:	Thirty Meter Telescope International Observatory; California Institute of Technology; Jet Propulsion Laboratory
	Year Elected:	1993
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	Edward C. Stone is the David Morrisroe Professor of Physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and director emeritus of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He has also served as chair of Caltech's Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy and oversaw the development of the Keck Observatory as Vice President for Astronomical Facilities and chairman of the California Association for Research in Astronomy. He is also a director of the W. M. Keck Foundation. Since 1972, Dr. Stone has been the project scientist for the Voyager Mission at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, coordinating the scientific study of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune and Voyager's continuing exploration of the outer heliosphere and search for the edge of interstellar space. Following his first instrument on a Discoverer satellite in 1961, Dr. Stone has been a principal investigator on eight NASA spacecraft and a co-investigator on five others, all carrying instruments for studying galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, and planetary magnetospheres. Dr. Stone is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, president of the International Academy of Astronautics, and a vice president of COSPAR. Among his awards and honors, Dr. Stone received the National Medal of Science from President George H.W. Bush (1991), the Magellanic Premium from the American Philosophical Society, and Distinguished Service Medals from NASA. In 1996, asteroid (5841) was named after him. In 2015 he was awarded the Alumni Medal from the University of Chicago.

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