Empire mahogany upholstered reclining chair of Roman curule form with rounded X-form profile of opposing scrolls which flair backward slightly along tall back. Arms roll downward into comma-shaped open scrolls which contrast with scroll of seat. X-shaped, curved legs are of square section and end in casters. Medallion is separate from chair, but rests on top. (Murphy D. Smith, "Due Reverence," 1992).

Obverse: profile portrait of Athena in helmet with "PARTHENON NEW YORK 1825" around perimeter Reverse: "ADMIT BEARER" in center. "PEALES MUSEUM & GALLERY OF THE FINE ARTS" around perimeter.

Obverse: bas-relief profile portrait of Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi; "A. BARTHOLDI" below portrait; "PRESENTED JULY 4 : 1884" at top; "A GIFT / OF THE / FRENCH / REPUBLIC" at left; "TO / THE / UNITED / STATES," at right; laurel wreath at bottom. Reverse: bas-relief of Statue of Liberty in landscape; New York Harbor and tip of Manhattan are visible; "COMMEMORATIVE MONUMENT OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE" at top; "LIBERTY ENLIGHTENING / THE WORLD / ERECTED 1886" at bottom.

Obverse: bas-relief, profile portrait of Benjamin Franklin in center within triangular shape between two printing presses. "SOUVENIR FRANKLIN INSTITUTE" around perimeter. Reverse: New York Crystal Palace in center. "Novelties" around top perimeter and "EXHIBITION. 1885" at bottom. Small hole at top.

Obverse: bas-relief profile portrait of Benjamin Franklin; "B. FRANKLIN / ERIPUIT COELO FULMEN SCEPTRUMQUE TYRANNIS" around perimeter. Reverse: "R. LOVETT / STONE / SEAL ENGRAVER / & / MEDALIST / NEW YORK."

Obverse: bas-relief profile portrait of Benjamin Franklin; "B. FRANKLIN / ERIPUIT COELO FULMEN SCEPTRUMQUE TYRANNIS" around perimeter. Reverse: "R. LOVETT / STONE / SEAL ENGRAVER / & / MEDALIST / NEW YORK." Surface is gold painted.

Obverse: three classical female figures; "J.A.OERTEL DEL:" to left of image, and 'C. C. WRIGHT SC." under image. Reverse: laurel/olive wreath encircles "EXHIBITION / OF THE / INDUSTRY / OF ALL NATIONS / NEW-YORK / 1853."

Obverse: bas-relief profile portrait of Benjamin Franklin; "FRANKLIN INSTITUTE OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA" around perimeter. "GOBRECHT F" under bust. Reverse: "AWARDED TO / SECOND PREMIUM" around perimeter and "Washburn / & Moen Mfg Co / New York / for / Manufacturer's Wire / 1874" in script in center.

Obverse: profile portrait of Benjamin Franklin with "Benjamin Franklin" around perimeter. Reverse: stylized leaf / branch wreath with "BROAS BROS NEW YORK" around perimeter. "ARMY AND NAVY" at center. Strike good on both sides but untrimmed. Similar to M-F85-87.

The suggestion is made by Hitchcock (in Hitchcock et al., 1969: 106) that the 7 Jul 1806 Lewis collection is "probably the actual type" of var. depressa. He declares this even though Pursh states he saw the taxon "in New York, and particularly in the province of Maine, in rocky or gravelly situations." Nowhere does Pursh mention Lewis and Clark specimens. However, he did have access, in London, to a Lewis and Clark specimen (LC-PH 114), and he did ascribe a varietal name ("nana") to the collection. The use of the name appears to be based on the European species Juniperus nana Willd. (Sp. Pl. 4: 854. 1806). Pursh did not formally propose the new combination. Ewan (1979: 82) seems to support Hitchcock's notion, noting that Pursh likely did not collect specimens while in Maine in 1811. Nonetheless, there is authentic material from eastern New York gathered by Pursh that belongs to var. depressa (McVaugh, 1935: 30), and we here typify the name with that material. The variety was first found by Lewis on 17 Oct 1804 (Lewis 47, PH-LC 111, PH-LC 112) below the mouth of the Cannon Ball River in Sioux Co., North Dakota (Moulton, 1987a: 471). Either Lewis or Clark could have gathered the 7 Jul 1806 specimens (PH-LC 113 and PH-LC 114). Lewis was near Lewis and Clark Pass, Lewis and Clark Co., Montana (Moulton, 1993: 95-96); Clark and his party crossed the Continental Divided via Gibbons Pass on the Ravalli-Beaverhead Co. line (Moulton, 1993: 169-171). The plant occurs in both areas. Neither explorer mentions the plant. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:10/17/1804

The suggestion is made by Hitchcock (in Hitchcock et al., 1969: 106) that the 7 Jul 1806 Lewis collection is "probably the actual type" of var. depressa. He declares this even though Pursh states he saw the taxon "in New York, and particularly in the province of Maine, in rocky or gravelly situations." Nowhere does Pursh mention Lewis and Clark specimens. However, he did have access, in London, to a Lewis and Clark specimen (LC-PH 114), and he did ascribe a varietal name ("nana") to the collection. The use of the name appears to be based on the European species Juniperus nana Willd. (Sp. Pl. 4: 854. 1806). Pursh did not formally propose the new combination. Ewan (1979: 82) seems to support Hitchcock's notion, noting that Pursh likely did not collect specimens while in Maine in 1811. Nonetheless, there is authentic material from eastern New York gathered by Pursh that belongs to var. depressa (McVaugh, 1935: 30), and we here typify the name with that material. The variety was first found by Lewis on 17 Oct 1804 (Lewis 47, PH-LC 111, PH-LC 112) below the mouth of the Cannon Ball River in Sioux Co., North Dakota (Moulton, 1987a: 471). Either Lewis or Clark could have gathered the 7 Jul 1806 specimens (PH-LC 113 and PH-LC 114). Lewis was near Lewis and Clark Pass, Lewis and Clark Co., Montana (Moulton, 1993: 95-96); Clark and his party crossed the Continental Divided via Gibbons Pass on the Ravalli-Beaverhead Co. line (Moulton, 1993: 169-171). The plant occurs in both areas. Neither explorer mentions the plant. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:07/07/1806

Meehan (1898: 42) reports the specimen as Populus monilifera Ait. (Hort. Kew. 3: 406. 1789). The taxon is far better known as P. deltoides var. occidentalis Rydb. (in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 15. 1900; see Little in U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 541: 206. 1979). The specimen was gathered in Aug 1806 without further elaboration. On 26 Jul 1806, Lewis observed P. angustifolia, P. balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa, and P. deltoides subsp. monilifera growing together along the Two Medicine River in Pondera Co., Montana, but there is no indication he collected any specimens (Moulton, 1993: 127-133). The next reference to P. deltoides subsp. monilifera is on 9 Sep 1806 when Clark mentions the river bottom was covered by tall timber along the Missouri River in Nemaha Co., Nebraska, and Atchison Co., Missouri (Moulton, 1993: 354-355). As the species is common throughout the upper Great Plains, the specimen could have been collected anywhere (see Little in U.S.D.A. Agric. Misc. Bull. 1146: Map 149. 1971). (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark

This sheet, Lewis 5 [probably 25, label is damaged; see Sorbus scopulina, No. 182 below], has long been misidentified. Meehan (1898: 30) reports the specimen as Lonicera involucrata (Richardson) Banks ex Spreng (Syst. Veg. 1: 759. 1825) and it has been variously annotated over the years, with Piper suggesting L. utahensis and L. ebractulata Rydb. (in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 372. 1900). We believe Piper is correct in that we regard the latter name to be a synonym of L. utahensis (fide Cronquist et al., 1984). Moulton (in press) lists the plant as L. ciliosa (Pursh) DC. (Prodr. 4: 333. 1830). There are two labels on the sheet, one giving the date as 16 Jul 1806 and a second as 2 Sep 1805. The latter is an original Lewis label with a collection number and a brief diagnosis. On 16 Jun 1806 the expedition was on the Lolo Trail in Idaho Co., Idaho (Moulton, 1993: 27-31). On 2 Sep 1805, they were in Lemhi Co., Idaho, traveling along the North Fork of the Salmon River from near the mouth of Hull Creek to near the junction of Hammerean Creek (Moulton, 1988: 183-185). The specimen seems to be of a proper developmental state for the September date. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:09/02/1805

Ericameria nauseosa (Pall. ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & Baird var. graveolens (Nutt.) Reveal & Schuyler, comb. et stat. nov., based on Chrysocoma graveolens Nutt. (Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 136. 1818) and the autonym Bigelovia graveolens (Nutt.) A. Gray var. glabrata A. Gray (in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 645. 1873). [footnote 3] - PH-LC 51 (Moulton 39a), PH-LC 52 (Moulton 39b), PH-LC 53 (Moulton 39c), PH-LC 54 (Moulton 39d) and PH-LC 56 (Moulton 40b), left-hand specimen. [footnote 3:] Additional nomenclatural synonyms are Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nutt.) Greene (in Erythea 3: 108. 1895), C. nauseosus (Pall. ex Pursh) Britton var. graveolens (Nutt.) H. M. Hall (in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 174. 1919), C. nauseosus subsp. graveolens (Nutt.) Piper (in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 559. 1906), C. nauseosus var. graveolens (A. Gray) Cronquist (in Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 17(5): 128. 1955), and Ericameria nauseosa subsp. graveolens (Nutt.) L. C. Anderson (in Great Basin Naturalist 55: 85. 1995). Nesom & Baird incorrected proposed E. nauseosa var. glabrata (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & Baird (in Phytologia 75: 86. 1993) for the above taxon. They corrected one of their nomenclatural errors subsequently (in Phytologia 78: 61-65. 1995), but they failed to correct the above name as now required by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 1994). Pursh (1813: 517) reports this series of specimens as Chrysocoma dracunculoides Lam. (Encycl. 2: 198. 1786), listing the plants as found on the "high cliffs on the banks of the Missouri" in October. There are several Lewis and Clark specimens associated with this name. Lewis 32 was collected on "21st. of Sept. 1805. at the upper part of the bigg bend of the Missouri" (PH-LC 51), or in modern parlance at the upper part of the Big Bend of the Missouri in Hughes Co., South Dakota (Moulton, 1987a: 469). [footnote 4] A second collection from this location (PH-LC 52) is annotated "Baccharis linearis" by Pursh, an unpublished name. This may well be the basis for Pursh's report of Baccharis angustifolia (see B. salicina Torr. & A. Gray, No. 32 above). Lewis 54 (PH-LC 53) was gathered on 2 Oct 1804 above the mouth of the Cheyenne River in Dewey or Sully Co., South Dakota (Moulton 1987a: 470). A duplicate of this collection, originally in the Lambert Herbarium (PH-LC 54), is annotated by Pursh with an unpublished name "Chrysocoma elongata." This sheet corresponds with the cited location and date given by Pursh further suggesting that Lewis 32 might possibly be the basis for the report of B. angustifolia. [footnote 4:] This sheet was reported by Moulton (1987a) as Gutierrezia sarothrae but is being corrected to Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. graveolens in the forthcoming volume (Moulton, in press) on the botany of the expedition. A third sample of var. graveolens is associated with a mixed collection supposedly gathered "15th- October 1805. / on the Columbia river." As Lloyd Shinners wrote on the sheet (PH-LC 56) in 1946, neither the fragment of var. nauseosa nor that of var. graveolens could have come from the Columbia River area. However, Asa Gray associated the fragment on the left with the name Bigelovia graveolens (Nutt.) A. Gray var. albicaulis (Nutt.) A. Gray (in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 644. 1873), or what is now variously known as Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall. ex Nutt.) Britton var. speciosus (Nutt.) H. M. Hall (in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 169. 1919), C. nauseosus var. albicaulis (Nutt.) Rydb. (in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 385. 1900), C. nauseosus subsp. albicaulis (Nutt.) H. M. Hall & Clem. (in Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 326: 212. 1923), or Ericameria nauseosa var. speciosus (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom & Baird (in Phytologia 75: 87. 1993). The monographer of the genus, Loran C. Anderson of Florida State University, annotated the left-hand fragment subsp. graveolens. The supposed location of PH-LC 56 is from along the lower Snake River in Franklin or Walla Walla Co., Washington, but clearly the specimen(s) from this location are now missing. Nuttall did not cite any of the Lewis and Clark material when he proposed Chrysocoma graveolens, and therefore, contrary to Cutright (1969: 405), none of the sheets cited above can be considered type material of the Nuttall name. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:10/02/1804

Ericameria nauseosa (Pall. ex Pursh) G. L. Nesom & Baird var. graveolens (Nutt.) Reveal & Schuyler, comb. et stat. nov., based on Chrysocoma graveolens Nutt. (Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 136. 1818) and the autonym Bigelovia graveolens (Nutt.) A. Gray var. glabrata A. Gray (in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 645. 1873). [footnote 3] - PH-LC 51 (Moulton 39a), PH-LC 52 (Moulton 39b), PH-LC 53 (Moulton 39c), PH-LC 54 (Moulton 39d) and PH-LC 56 (Moulton 40b), left-hand specimen. [footnote 3:] Additional nomenclatural synonyms are Chrysothamnus graveolens (Nutt.) Greene (in Erythea 3: 108. 1895), C. nauseosus (Pall. ex Pursh) Britton var. graveolens (Nutt.) H. M. Hall (in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 174. 1919), C. nauseosus subsp. graveolens (Nutt.) Piper (in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 559. 1906), C. nauseosus var. graveolens (A. Gray) Cronquist (in Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 17(5): 128. 1955), and Ericameria nauseosa subsp. graveolens (Nutt.) L. C. Anderson (in Great Basin Naturalist 55: 85. 1995). Nesom & Baird incorrected proposed E. nauseosa var. glabrata (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom & Baird (in Phytologia 75: 86. 1993) for the above taxon. They corrected one of their nomenclatural errors subsequently (in Phytologia 78: 61-65. 1995), but they failed to correct the above name as now required by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 1994). Pursh (1813: 517) reports this series of specimens as Chrysocoma dracunculoides Lam. (Encycl. 2: 198. 1786), listing the plants as found on the "high cliffs on the banks of the Missouri" in October. There are several Lewis and Clark specimens associated with this name. Lewis 32 was collected on "21st. of Sept. 1805. at the upper part of the bigg bend of the Missouri" (PH-LC 51), or in modern parlance at the upper part of the Big Bend of the Missouri in Hughes Co., South Dakota (Moulton, 1987a: 469). [footnote 4] A second collection from this location (PH-LC 52) is annotated "Baccharis linearis" by Pursh, an unpublished name. This may well be the basis for Pursh's report of Baccharis angustifolia (see B. salicina Torr. & A. Gray, No. 32 above). Lewis 54 (PH-LC 53) was gathered on 2 Oct 1804 above the mouth of the Cheyenne River in Dewey or Sully Co., South Dakota (Moulton 1987a: 470). A duplicate of this collection, originally in the Lambert Herbarium (PH-LC 54), is annotated by Pursh with an unpublished name "Chrysocoma elongata." This sheet corresponds with the cited location and date given by Pursh further suggesting that Lewis 32 might possibly be the basis for the report of B. angustifolia. [footnote 4:] This sheet was reported by Moulton (1987a) as Gutierrezia sarothrae but is being corrected to Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. graveolens in the forthcoming volume (Moulton, in press) on the botany of the expedition. A third sample of var. graveolens is associated with a mixed collection supposedly gathered "15th- October 1805. / on the Columbia river." As Lloyd Shinners wrote on the sheet (PH-LC 56) in 1946, neither the fragment of var. nauseosa nor that of var. graveolens could have come from the Columbia River area. However, Asa Gray associated the fragment on the left with the name Bigelovia graveolens (Nutt.) A. Gray var. albicaulis (Nutt.) A. Gray (in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 644. 1873), or what is now variously known as Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall. ex Nutt.) Britton var. speciosus (Nutt.) H. M. Hall (in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 169. 1919), C. nauseosus var. albicaulis (Nutt.) Rydb. (in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 385. 1900), C. nauseosus subsp. albicaulis (Nutt.) H. M. Hall & Clem. (in Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 326: 212. 1923), or Ericameria nauseosa var. speciosus (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom & Baird (in Phytologia 75: 87. 1993). The monographer of the genus, Loran C. Anderson of Florida State University, annotated the left-hand fragment subsp. graveolens. The supposed location of PH-LC 56 is from along the lower Snake River in Franklin or Walla Walla Co., Washington, but clearly the specimen(s) from this location are now missing. Nuttall did not cite any of the Lewis and Clark material when he proposed Chrysocoma graveolens, and therefore, contrary to Cutright (1969: 405), none of the sheets cited above can be considered type material of the Nuttall name. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:09/21/1804

Meehan (1898: 15-16) discusses the significance of this sheet at some length. He correctly notes that Pursh's name replaces the long established but later Clematis douglasii Hook. (Fl. Boreali-Amer. 1: 1. 1829) and that Britton clearly misapplied the name when he proposed Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Nutt.) Britton (in Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 6: 217. 1891). This is essentially the only nomenclatural correction Meehan proposes. The lectotype was collected on 27 May 1806 near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, contrary to Pursh's "plains of the Columbia river." Neither Lewis nor Clark mentions the plant (Moulton, 1991: 290-297). (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:05/27/1806

Meehan (1898: 23) lists this as Petalostemon violaceus Michx. (Fl. Boreali-Amer. 2: 50. 1803), a later name for P. purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. (in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 238. 1900), as the species was commonly known until recently. There is an original Lewis label that indicates "the Indians use it as an application to fresh wounds. They bruise the leaves adding a little water and apply it." According to this label the plant was gathered on 2 Sep. No year is given. This label is associated with two sterile fragments in the center of the sheet. Coues (1898: 298) suggests that the material was collected in 1804. Moulton (1987a: 469) reports this as Lewis 53. On 2 Sep 1804 the expedition was along the Missouri River near Springfield in Bon Homme Co., South Dakota (Moulton, 1987a: 42-43, 469). A second label, in Pursh's hand, is associated with the flowering specimen on the right-hand side of the sheet. This collection was made on 22 Jul 1806 "On the Missouri." On that date, Lewis arrived at "Camp Disappointment" near the Marias River in what is now Glacier Co., Montana, having traveled along Cut Bank Creek essentially the entire day (Moulton, 1993: 122-124). Clark spent the entire day in compete frustration, stuck in camp while his men searched for lost horses. The party arrived at this site on 19 Jul, camping on the north side of the Yellowstone River just south of present-day Park City in Stillwater Co., Montana. They remained there until 24 Jul (Moulton, 1993: 204-217). Neither Lewis nor Clark mentions the plant. We can not account for the Missouri River reference on the sheet. Pursh (1813: 461) does not cite a Lewis and Clark specimen, but he does indicate he saw living material. No doubt Pursh drew his description and comments from a combination of sources, including dried specimens already in England. Most likely the garden plants were raised from seeds obtained by Nuttall on the upper Missouri in 1811. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark