Same sheet as PH-LC 202b. The specimen was collected near Kamiah in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 5 Jun 1806. Lewis mentions several plants in his journal on this day, but not this species (Moulton, 1991: 335). Given the fine technical details that distinguish this species from the next (No. 177 below), it is not surprising that Pursh did not recognize he had a second new species of Sedum. It is equally understandable why others, save a monographer, failed to note the differences as well (e.g., Meehan, 1898: 28; Cutright, 1969: 419; Moulton, in press). (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:06/05/1806

Same sheet as PH-LC 202a. Pursh based his description of Sedum stenopetalum upon a mixed collection of this species and S. lanceolatum (see No. 176 above), citing simultaneously both locations as "On rocks on the banks of Clarck's river and Kooskoosky." Clausen's lectotypification was made specifically to maintain the long-established applications of both names. The lectotype was collected in the vicinity of Travelers' Rest in Missoula Co., Montana. The actual date was probably 2 Jul instead of the date (1 Jul) on the label as Lewis "found serveral other uncommon plants specemines of which I preserved" (Moulton, 1993: 79) on that day. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:07/02/1806

The American Philosophical Society sheet (PH-LC 203) has two original Lewis labels, Lewis 39A and Lewis 39B. In Lewis's "List of specimines of plants collected by me on the Mississippi and Missouri rivers" (Moulton, 1987a: 451-472), only 39A is recorded (p. 469). According to Moulton, the collection was made on 4 Sep 1804 at the mouth of the Niobrara River in Knox Co., Nebraska. Nuttall (1818: 240) indicates Lewis called the plant "Rabbit Berry." Given the information on the label, this appears to be Lewis's first encounter with the plant along the Missouri. There are three shoot fragments on PH-LC 203. The one on the left is a single stalk with the new growth broken where it joins the old growth. We assume this fragment is 39A. The two smaller fragments to the right appear to be younger, namely new growth with leaves just starting to form. These may be 35B, although there is no close association of the label with these fragments. The lectotype (PH-LC 204) has a label written in Pursh's hand. This has essentially the same data as that found on PH-LC 203; only the words "Hippophäe argentea" have been added. We assume the specimen on this sheet was cut off the left fragment on PH-LC 203 based on the matching cut angles and stem sizes. Pursh makes a point of stating he saw fruits: "This shrub resembles Elaeagnus argentea so much, that they might easily be mistaken one for the other without fruit; but this species bears really a berry, different from the drupa of the other genus." He then goes on to say: "The flowers are according to information from Mr. Nuttall four-cleft, and resemble those of Elaeagnus very much." Therefore, it is not likely that there was a second Lewis collection of flowering specimens. We suggest that 39B may refer to a packet of fruits or live plants. No fruits are now associated with the extant herbarium specimens, but fruits were probably associated with the specimens in the past. In Lewis's "List of specimines," no seed packet of Shepherdia argentea is mentioned. However, when the Lewis material was accessioned by the American Philosophical Society on 16 Nov 1805, Lewis reportedly stated that "Some plants are sent down by the barge to the care of Capt Stoddart at St. Louis" (see Moulton, 1987a: 464). It is possible, 39B alludes to the live plants. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:09/04/1804

Pursh's hand-written label indicates the specimen was collected on the "High dry prairies" on "Septb: 12. 1804." According to Moulton (1987a: 67-68), on 12 Sep 1804 the expedition was along the Missouri River of Charles Mix and Brule cos., South Dakota. Cutright (1969: 88) interprets the date on the specimen as 13 Sep. Moulton (in press) suggests this specimen was collected in 1806 and that Pursh mistakenly wrote 1804. The rationale for this is that the sheet is not accounted for in Lewis's list of plants gathered that year (Moulton, 1987a: 450-472). On 12 Sep 1806, the expedition was rapidly moving down the Missouri River. Their morning camp was mostly likely in Andrew Co., Missouri; their evening camp was at St. Michael's Prairie in Buchanan Co., Missouri (Moulton, 1993: 355-356). Liatris aspera was collected on 12 Sep 1804 (see No. 101 above), but was duly recorded in Lewis's list. The species is a common member of the Great Plains flora and the var. humilis is known to occur in Charles Mix and Brule cos., South Dakota (Great Plains Flora Association, 1977). Steyermark (Fl. Missouri: 1496, 1497. 1963), however, does not report the species from either Andrew or Buchanan cos. although it is found nearby. The var. humilis does occur in Missouri (Heard & Semple, 1988), albeit rarely, and then not along the Missouri River. The correct name of the taxon is probably Oligoneuron rigidum var. humilis (Porter) G. L. Nesom (in Phytologia 75: 27. 1993). Nesom (1993) defines Oligoneuron as a genus of six species. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark

Plaster head, two to three times life-sized. Cast in left of neck: "a la memoire de/ Georges Cuvier/ P. J. David d'Ange/ 1833." Tag in front of chest: "Baron Georges Cuvier: 1769-1832."

According to Meehan (1898: 24), Robinson and Greenman questionably identify the collection as Pyrus sambucifolia Cham. & D.F.K. Schltdl. (in Linnaea 2: 36. 1827). Given that the specimen represented a species yet to be described, this is reasonable. Cutright (1969: 416) suggests the specimen might be Sorbus sitchensis M. Roem. (Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 139. 1847). There are two labels on the sheet. The uppermost is an original Lewis label: "No. 24. found the 2th day of Septr. 1805. / a small growth only rising to the / hight of 15. feet moist situations / it seems to prefer. it is a handsome growth." The second label is one prepared by Pursh: "On the tops of the highest / peaks & mountains. / Jun. 27th 1806. / In the Rocky mountains." On 2 Sep 1805, Lewis was in Lemhi Co., Idaho, traveling along the North Fork of the Salmon River from near the mouth of Hull Creek to near the junction of Hammerean Creek (Moulton, 1988: 183-185). On 27 Jun 1806, the expedition was near Hungery Creek along the Lolo Trail in Idaho Co., Idaho (Moulton, 1993: 55-59). It is possible there are two collections here, with the three fragments on the left probably the 2 Sep specimens and the two fragments on the right perhaps gathered on 27 Jun. The lateness of the inflorescences, however, makes it more likely all the fragments were gathered on 2 Sep. The nature of this sheet is similar in many ways to PH-LC 135, a specimen of Lonicera utahensis (see No. 112 above). (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark

Pursh proposed a new combination for Malva coccinea. It was long felt this was the first place of publication for the name until it was shown that the names in Fraser's Catalogue were validly published (Reveal, 1968) a few months before Pursh's book appeared in print. As a result the typification of the name on Lewis and Clark material proposed by Cutright (1969: 407) is inappropriate. On 20 Jul 1806 Lewis was along the Marias River in Toole Co., Montana, and reports several species of plants were "in full blume" (Moulton, 1993: 119). On the same day, Clark was camped along the Yellowstone River north of the mouth of Clarks Fork (Moulton, 1993: 208-209). While either explorer could have found the species, most likely this is a Lewis collection. Pursh provides a full description in Latin and indicates he saw Lewis material as well as garden specimens. Specimens on the Lambert sheet (PH-LC 208) are at odds with the specimens on the sheet retained by the American Philosophical Society. We suspect the majority (if not all) of fragments on the Lambert sheet represent garden specimens grown from seeds obtained by Nuttall on the upper Missouri in 1811. None of the fragments truly match the fragments on PH-LC 207 in terms of age and condition. In this instance, it is probably that the original Lewis and Clark fragments were discarded in favor of the flowering, garden specimens. As a result, we conclude PH-LC 208 is not an authentic Lewis and Clark collection. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:07/20/1806

Crum and Anderson (1981) refer to the species as Stokesiella praelonga (Hedw.) Robins. Robinson (1967) and Ireland et al. (1980) recognized this as S. oregana, but Anderson et al. (1990) retained this species in its original genus described by Jaeger: Eurhynchium oreganum (Sull.) Jaeg. (Ber. S. Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1876-77: 361. 1878. Ad.2: 247). Many workers follow the more conservative taxonomy of Crum et al. (1990). This specimen was collected at Fort Clatsop, Clatsop Co., Oregon, on 20 Jan 1806. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:01/20/1806

Synthyris missurica (Raf.) Pennell in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 89. 1933, based on Veronica missurica Raf. in Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 3: 175. 1818, a new name for Veronica reniformis Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 10. Dec (sero) 1813 (non Raf., 1808). - Lectotype: PH-LC 211 (Moulton 166b), designated by Pennell (in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 85: 89. 1933). Duplicate of the lectotype: PH-LC 210 (Moulton 166a). Pursh provides a full description of the species in Latin. The type was collected on 26 Jun 1806 when the expedition was along Hungery Creek below Willow Ridge in Idaho Co., Idaho (Moulton, 1993: 52-55). (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:06/26/1806

Trifolium macrocephalum (Pursh) Poir. in Lamarck, Encycl. Suppl. 5(1): 336. 1817, based on Lupinaster macrocephalus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept.: 479, ad t. 23. Dec (sero) 1813. - Lectotype: PH-LC 213 (Moulton 167b), designated here! Duplicate of the lectotype: PH-LC 212 (Moulton 167a). Pursh provides an extended description giving the location as "At the head-waters of the Missouri . . . April, May." The lectotype is the basis for the Pursh figure (Rossi & Schuyler, 1993: 49). The type was collected at Rock Fort Camp near The Dalles in Wasco Co., Oregon, on 17 Apr 1806. We can not account for the "May" reference. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:04/17/1806

According to the label, type material of this species was collected on 1 Jul 1806. The actual date was probably 2 Jul as Lewis "found serveral other uncommon plant specemines of which I preserved" (Moulton, 1993: 79). Lewis also wrote "I found two speceis of native clover here, the one with a very narrow leaf and a pale red flower, the other nearly as luxouriant as our red clover with a white flower the leaf and blume of the latter are proportionably large." Moulton (1993: 80) suggests the first of the two is Trifolium microcephalum. Pursh gives the location as "On the banks of Clarck's river . . . July" and the label has "Valley of Clarks R." We presume the collection was made in the Bitterroot Valley at or near Traveler's Rest. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:07/02/1806

The type was collected "near the rapids" on 10 Apr 1806. The plant may have been collected along the Columbia River below the Cascades in Skamania Co., Washington, as Lewis walked along that portion of the shore, or on Bradford (then "Bryant") Island, Multnomah Co., Oregon, where Lewis gathered Fritillaria affinis (see Moulton 1991: 101-104). (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:04/10/1806

The type was collected along the Lolo Trail in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 15 Jun 1806 although Pursh says "On the waters of the Kooskoosky." The expedition was north of Lolo Creek and camped that evening along Eldorado Creek near the mouth of Lunch Creek (Moulton, 1993: 25-27). (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:06/05/1806

When Pursh proposed Brodiaea grandiflora, the name was superfluous since he included Hookera coronaria in synonymy. The type of Pursh's name, therefore, is the type of H. coronaria, a Menzies collection from California and not the Lewis and Clark sheet listed by Cutright (1969: 405). Meehan (1898: 42) cites this as B. douglasii S. Watson (in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 237. 1879), the correct name for the taxon when retained in the genus Brodiaea. Pursh incorrectly says Lewis calls this the "Missouri Hyacinth." The plant was collected on 17 Apr 1806 when the expedition was at The Dalles along the Columbia River. Although the label gives the date as 20 Apr, Lewis describes the plant on 17 Apr and indicates he "preserved a specemine" (Moulton, 1991: 132). The label indicates Lewis called the plant the "Hyacinth of Columbia plains." (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:04/17/1806

Meehan (1898: 34) and Cutright (1969: 411) list this as Microseris macrochaeta (A. Gray) Schultz-Bip. (Pollichia 22-24: 309. 1866), a synonym of the infrequently distinguished M. linearifolia (Nutt.) Schultz-Bip. (Pollichia 22-24: 308. 1866). The combined species is better known as M. lindleyi (DC.) A. Gray (in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 9: 210. 1874) as treated by Cronquist (Interm. Fl. 5: 428. 1994). We follow Chambers (Jepson Man.: 355-356. 1993), the current monographer of the generic complex, in adopting Uropappus. The specimen was collected at Rock Fort Camp near The Dalles in Wasco Co., Oregon, on 17 Apr 1806 (Moulton, 1991: 130-132). (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:04/17/1806

Life-sized portrait bust of Peter S. DuPonceau. Unclothed/undraped, with squared-off shoulders. Painted on front bottom: "Peter, S, Du, Ponceau."

Meehan (1898: 36) raises some doubts as to the identification of the specimen. We concur with Robinson and Greenman, and find no cause to alter their determination as Vaccinium myrtillus. Lewis gathered the specimen at Fort Clatsop, Clatsop Co., Oregon, on 20 Jan 1806 (Moulton, 1990: 223-225) when he collected several other species. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:01/20/1806

Although Ewan (1979: 109) discusses the Menzies sheets under the general heading of "Paratype" he meant "syntypes" and we accordingly selected the sheet at BM as the lectotype. This corresponds to Pursh's "pedunculis axillaribus solitariis unifloris." The sterile Lewis and Clark specimen was collected on 27 Jan 1806 at Fort Clatsop, Clatsop Co., Oregon. On the previous day, Lewis wrote a detailed description (Moulton 1990: 237-238). He did not mention flowers. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:01/27/1806

The Lewis and Clark specimen consists only of a single leaf. Robinson and Greenman were uncertain if it represented Veratrum californicum or V. viride Ait. (Hort. Kew. 3: 422. 1789) according to Meehan (1898: 44). The leaves of the specimen are broader than one generally finds in V. viride, and we find no reason to alter Erica Armstrong's annotation of the sheet as V. californicum. The label, in Pursh's hand indicates that "no flowers [were] observed." The leaf was collected on 25 Jun 1806 along the Lolo Trail east of Hungery Creek in Idaho Co., Idaho (Moulton. 1993: 50-51). (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:06/25/1806

The type material was collected along the Lolo Trail in Idaho Co., Idaho, on 15 Jun 1806. The expedition was north of Lolo Creek and camped that evening along Eldorado Creek near the mouth of Lunch Creek (Moulton, 1993: 25-27). The species is not mentioned on this date. On 26 Jun, Lewis writes "there is a great abundance of a speceis of bear-grass which grows on every part of these mountains it's growth is luxouriant and continues to green all winter but the horses will not eat it" (Moulton, 1993: 53, 55). He does not mention he made a specimen. The Pursh figure probably is based on the duplicate of the lectotype at K where it appears flowers were removed for close-up drawing. Rossi & Schuyler (1993: 49) erroneously cite PH-LC 224 as a Lambert specimen instead of a specimen from the American Philosophical Society. (The Lewis & Clark Herbarium Digital Imagery Study Set, ANSP, 2002) On deposit at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia Collected by:Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Collection date:06/15/1806