APS Member History

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	Name:	Dr. A. M. Celâl Sengör
	Institution:	Istanbul Technical University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	105. Physical Earth Sciences
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1955

	An expert on the structure and evolution of the Earth's crust, Ali Mehmet Celal Sengor is one of the foremost authorities on the plate-tectonic evolution of Eurasia and has made important, innovative contributions to the accretionary mechanisms by which continents grow. Born in Turkey in 1955, he earned his Ph.D. from the State University of New York in 1982. He then returned to Turkey as a lecturer and reader at Istanbul Technical University, where in 1992 he was named Professor of Geology and head of the Department of Solid Earth Sciences. Dr. Sengor is the author of (with A. Miyashiro and K. Aki) Orogeny (1982) and (with others) The Paleogeographic Atlas of Turkey (1998). He has been widely honored for his prodigious series of articles, books, and monographs, and he has had enormous influence on scientific and educational developments in Turkey. His many awards include the Prix Lutaud-Grand Prix de l' Academie des Sciences dans le Domaine des Sciences de la Terre (1997) and the Bigsby Medal of the Geological Society of London (1999). In 1992 he became the youngest of the ten founding members of the Turkish Academy of Sciences (appointed by the Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey), and he is also a member of the Geological Society of London; Societé Geologique de France; Academia Europaea; Geological Society of America; and National Academy of Sciences. He is fluent in Turkish, English, German and French and gives elegant, exciting and lucid lectures in all of these languages.

	Name:	Dr. Donald F. Steiner
	Institution:	University of Chicago; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	November 11, 2014

	Donald F. Steiner was born in Lima, Ohio in 1930. He received his M.D. degree from the University of Chicago in 1956 and had a distinguished career at the university as professor of biochemistry (1968-70); A. N. Pritzker Professor of Biochemistry and Medicine (1970-84); chairman of the department of biochemistry (1973-79); director of the Diabetes-Endocrinology Center (1974-78); associate director of the Diabetes and Research Training Center (1977-81); and A. N. Pritzker Distinguished Service Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Medicine (1984-2014). He has also been a senior investigator in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (1985-2006) and director or co-director of the University of Chicago Diabetes and Research Training Center. In 1967 Dr. Steiner discovered proinsulin, the single-chain precursor of insulin. He purified it and studied its structure, properties, biosynthesis, and cell biology, demonstrating its intracellular conversion into insulin and the cosecreted C-peptide. With Dr. A. H. Rubenstein, radioimmunoassays were developed for proinsulin and C-peptide in serum, which have been widely applied in diabetes research. Dr. Steiner's pioneering studies thus opened the now very broad field of precursor protein processing, leading to the identification of many other proproteins and more recently to the discovery of the mammalian proprotein convertase family of cellular processing endoproteases. His laboratory also first demonstrated receptor-mediated uptake and degradation of insulin. His discoveries have strongly influenced insulin and islet cell research, ranging from the commercial production of human insulin for diabetes therapy to the evolution of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). The recipient of honors including the Gairdner Award (1971), Wolf Foundation Prize in Medicine (1985) and the Endocrine Society's Fred C. Koch Award (1990), Dr. Steiner was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was elected a member ofthe American Philosophical Society in 2004. Donald Steiner died November 11, 2014, at age 84 at his home in Chicago, Illinois.

	Name:	Ms. Jean Strouse
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1945

	Jean Strouse is an author and the Sue Ann and John Weinberg Director of the New York Public Library's Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers. She earned her B.A. from Radcliffe College in 1967 and went on to work as an editorial assistant for The New York Review of Books (1967-69), as a freelance writer and editor (1969-72); as an editor at Pantheon Books (1972-75); and as a book critic for Newsweek magazine (1979-83). In 1975 she published her first book, Women & Analysis, Dialogues on Psychoanalytic Views of Femininity and followed that in 1980 with a biography of Alice James that won the Bancroft Prize in American History and Diplomacy. In 1999 she published another biography, Morgan: American Financier, to much praise. Ms. Strouse's essays and reviews have also appeared in The New York Times Book Review, The New Yorker, Grand Street, The Washington Post, The New York Review of Books, Vogue, and Newsweek. She has served as a trustee of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and The Harvard Advocate; on the executive board of The Readers' Encyclopedia of American History; and on the executive council of the Authors Guild.

	Name:	Dr. JoAnne Stubbe
	Institution:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1946

	JoAnne Stubbe is one of the world's leading enzymologists. Her specific interest is in how reactive chemical intermediates such as free radicals are exploited and controlled in biochemical processes to effect difficult chemical transformations. With experiments of sparkling originality, she showed that a key enzyme, ribonucleotide reductase, that is involved in the synthesis of deoxynucleotides, initiates its chemistry through an unusual diferrictyrosyl radical that abstracts a key hydrogen from the sugar nucleus. Surprisingly, an important chemotherapeutic agent, bleomycin, was shown by Dr. Stubbe to owe its antitumor activity to a free radical mechanism that neatly explains its chemical and sequence specificity. Currently Novartis Professor of Chemistry and Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dr. Stubbe has previously held faculty positions at Williams College (1972-77), Yale University Medical School (1977-80) and the University of Wisconsin (1980-87). She holds a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley (1971). The recipient of honors including the Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry (1986), the Alfred Bader Award in Bioorganic & Bioinorganic Chemistry (1997), the National Medal of Science (2009), and the Franklin Institute's Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science (2009). Dr. Stubbe was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1991 and the National Academy of Sciences in 1992.

	Name:	Dr. Samuel O. Thier
	Institution:	Harvard Medical School
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1937

	Samuel Thier, nationally-known authority on internal medicine, kidney disease, biomedical research, national health policy, and medical education, has reshaped every institution he has led. At Yale University, he raised the status of the academic medicine department chair. As president of the Institute of Medicine (1985-91), he established the institute as an objective and expert source of health policy. As president of Brandeis University (1991-94), he raised the level of intellectual ferment and reclarified the university's mission. As president and CEO of Partners HealthCare System (1997-2002), he has made perhaps his most important contribution in demonstrating that a large, fully-integrated academic health system can provide excellent clinical care while maintaining financial stability and strenghthening research and education programs. Born in New York, Dr. Thier received his M.D. from the State University of New York at Syracuse in 1960. He subsequently worked at Massachusetts General Hospital (1967-69) and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (1969-71) and as vice chairman of the Department of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine (1971-75) before joining the Yale University School of Medicine as chairman of the department of internal medicine in 1975. From 1994-97 he served as president of Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Thier's many accolades include the John Phillips Memorial Award of the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine (2001) and the Robert H. Williams, M.D., Distinguished Chair of Medicine Award from the Association of Professors of Medicine (2003). He was elected to the membership of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1988.

	Name:	Dr. Ronald G. Witt
	Institution:	Duke University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1932
	Death Date:	March 15, 2017

	Ronald Witt was a distinguished scholar of Renaissance humanism with an extensive publication record. His book In the Footsteps of the Ancients is considered the most important book on the medieval origins of Renaissance humanism in the past fifty years, and it has gained widespread international recognition as a ground-breaking contribution to the early history of the humanist movement in Italy. He is a recipient of the American Philosophical Society's Jacques Barzun Prize in Cultural History and of the American Historical Society's Marraro Prize, given for the best book in Italian studies. His election as vice president (with automatic succession to the office of president) of the Renaissance Society of America was further testimony to his leadership in the field of Renaissance studies. At the time of his death on March 15, 2017, at age 84, he was William B. Hamilton Professor of History Emeritus at Duke University, where he had taught since 1971, Dr. Witt received his Ph.D. from Harvard University (1965). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2004.

	Name:	Dr. Carl R. Woese
	Institution:	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	205. Microbiology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1928
	Death Date:	December 30, 2012

	By combining the methods of evolutionary biology and microbiology, Carl Woese used ribosomal RNA sequence data as an evolutionary measure to develop a phylogenetically based classification system, initially for prokaryotic bacteria and ultimately for all living organisms. In doing so he effectively discovered a new domain of life, the Archaea, comprised of unique microbes including methanogens and thermophiles; he also published the first complete genome structure of this newly recognized life form. This work is of profound significance in understanding the origins of life on earth and the process of adaptation to extreme environments. In overturning the long-held traditional dichotomization of life into eukaryotes and prokaryotes, he revolutionized biology, profoundly and fundamentally changed the world's view of living organisms. Dr. Woese was Stanley O. Ikenberry Professor of Microbiology at the University of Illinois, where he had taught since 1964. A graduate of Yale University (Ph.D., 1953), he had been honored with the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Award (1984); the Leeuwenhoek Medal (1990); the National Academy of Sciences' Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology (1997); the National Medal of Science (2000); the Crafoord Award of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (2003); the 2009 Abbott-ASM Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society for Microbiology; and membership in the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. Carl Woese died December 30, 2012, at the age of 84 in Urbana, Illinois.

	Name:	Dr. Michael Wood
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	As the list of his publications suggests, Michael Wood is a critic of astonishing range, working with literature in several languages and from several periods. He has also written screenplays. His books have been enthusiastically reviewed, and many of them have won more than academic readership. He writes and speaks with perspicacity, wit and penetration, and he concerns himself with large issues (the importance of literature; the social and moral meanings of film; the need for knowledge of diverse cultures) as well as small ones (the texture of prose, the function of an image). Also brilliantly successful as a teacher and administrator, Dr. Wood has been the Charles Barnwell Straut Professor of English at Princeton University since 1995. Born in England, he holds a Ph.D. from Cambridge University (1961) and has also taught at Columbia and Exeter Universities. A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Royal Society of Literature, he has authored many books, including Stendhal (1971); America in the Movies, or "Santa Maria, It had Slipped My Mind" (1989); Gabriel Garcia Marquez: One Hundred Years of Solitude (1990); The Magician's Doubts: Nabokov and the Risks of Fiction (1995); Children of Silence: On Contemporary Fiction (1998); and The Road to Delphi: The Life and Afterlife of Oracles (2003).

	Name:	Dr. Ying-shih Yu
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	August 1, 2021

	An influential teacher and prolific author, Ying-shih Yu has long earned international recognition as the pre-eminent scholar of Chinese history. The breadth of his research, ranging from views of life and death in first and second-century China, through intellectual history and political culture of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, to eighteenth through twentieth-century Chinese intellectual history, is staggering. In his work he combines close and subtle scrutiny of fresh source materials to broad generalization about main themes in Chinese history and culture. His research on a merchant ethos in Chinese society from the sixteenth through the nineteenth century, for example, has been influential in articulating the belief in a Confucian work ethic in modern East Asian countries. In May 2001 a group of his former students gathered in Princeton for an unusually stimulating two-day conference on topics ranging over more than two thousand years of Chinese history. Born in China in 1930, Dr. Yu received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1962 and served as assistant professor there from 1969-77 before moving to Yale University as Charles Seymour Professor of History. In 1987 he joined the faculty of Princeton University as Professor of Chinese Studies and History and became Gordon Wu '58 Professor of Chinese Studies Emeritus in 2001. Dr. Yu's many written works include Views of Life and Death in Late Han China (1962); Trade and Expansion in Han China: A Study in the Structure of Sino-Barbarian Economic Relations (1967); Fang I-chih wan chieh k'ao (The Death of Fang I-chih), 1611-1671 (1972); "Intellectual Breakthroughs in the Tang-Sung Tradition"; "'O Soul, Come Back!' A Study in the Changing Conceptions of the Soul and Afterlife in Pre-Buddhist China"; Intellectual History in Late Imperial China: Modern Interpretations (1984); Shih yu Chung-kuo wen-hua (History of Chinese Culture) (1987); and The Radicalization of China in the Twentieth Century. With fellow APS member John Hope Franklin, Dr.Yu shared the 2006 John W. Kluge Prize for the Study of Humanity. He was elected a member of the Academia Sinica, Taiwan in 1974 and of the American Philosophical Society in 2004. He died on August 1, 2021 in Princeton, NJ.

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