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	Name:	Dr. Christopher Jencks
	Institution:	Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	For decades, Christopher Jencks has studied such controversial subjects as economic inequality, race, education and social mobility, and homelessness. His work is meticulously researched, methodologically ingenious, relentlessly logical, and consistently dispassionate. One of the world's most eminent social scientists engaged in policy research, he is perceptive in identifying the causes of social problems and adept in connecting evidence and policy choices. Recently, he has dealt with "paradoxes of welfare reform," the intractability of the black-white test score gap, the contributions of conservative and liberal policies to homelessness and why the United States generates so many low wage jobs. Whatever one's political predispositions, his studies are always illuminating and persuasive. Currently the Malcolm Wiener Professor of Social Policy at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, Jencks has also taught at Northwestern University (1980-96), and from 1961-63 he served as associate editor of The New Republic. His published works include Inequality (1972); Who Gets Ahead? (1979); Rethinking Social Policy: Race, Poverty and the Underclass (1992); The Homeless (1994); and (with M. Phillips) The Black White Test Score Gap (1998). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1997).

	Name:	Dr. Daniel Kahneman
	Institution:	School of Public & International Affairs, Princeton University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	305
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1934

	Daniel Kahneman's initial research on perception and attention shifted to decision making, his Nobel prize work, with A. Tversky. It has continued with others since Tversky's death. Ingenious experiments and novel concepts have focused on how the decision outcome is sharply affected by their framing and by the roles of heuristics, such as availability, and biases. They have cast severe doubt on the standard rationality assumption of economics. Prospect theory, a continuing well-spring for research, captured some of the discoveries theoretically. Important applications are to economic theory, finance, law, and medicine. Born in Israel in 1934, Dr. Kahneman holds a Ph.D. from the University of California (1961). He has taught at the Hebrew University (1961-78), the University of British Columbia (1978-86), the University of California, Berkeley (1986-94) and Princeton University, where he has been Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology and Professor of Public Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School since 1993. In 2007 he received the American Psychological Association's Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contributions to Psychology and in 2011 he was awarded the American Academy of Arts & Sciences' Talcott Parsons Prize. His most recent book is Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011). He was awarded the 2013 Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama.

	Name:	Dr. Ira Katznelson
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1944

	Ira Katznelson ranks with the best political scientists of his generation. His works on race, class, and urban politics - all soundly grounded in empirical reality - have set the scholarly and political agenda in the decades since their publication. He is further recognized for the historical and comparative dimensions of his studies while his theoretical explorations have established him in the ranks of contemporary political theorists. Beyond those reaches Dr. Katznelson is an intellectual par excellence and an insightful commentator on the political trends in our civilization. Finally, as a generous and effective teacher and colleague, he has inspired a generation of students to carry forward and expand the scholarly tradition he has created. A graduate of Cambridge University (Ph.D., 1969), Dr. Katznelson has taught at Columbia University, where he is Ruggles Professor of Political Science and History, since 1983. In September 2012 he became President of the Social Science Research Council. His published works include Black Men, White Cities: Race, Politics and Migration in the United States, 1900-1930, and Britain, 1948-1968 (1973); City Trenches: Urban Politics and the Patterning of Class in the United States (1981); (with M. Weir) Schooling for All: Race, Class, and the Decline of the Democratic Ideal (1985); Marxism and the City (1992); Liberalism's Crooked Circle: Letters to Adam Michnik (1996); Desolation and Enlightenment: Political Knowledge After Total War, Totalitarianism, and the Holocaust (2003); Fear Itself: The New Deal and the Origins of Our Time (2013), which won the 2014 Bancroft Prize; and When Affirmative Action was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America (2016).

	Name:	Mr. Saul A. Kripke
	Institution:	The Graduate Center of the City University of New York; Princeton University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1940
	Death Date:	September 15, 2022

	Saul Kripke is professor of philosophy at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and McCosh Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Princeton University. He earned a B.A. from Harvard University in 1962 and was a Harvard Junior Fellow from 1963-67 before becoming professor of philosophy at Rockefeller University. He joined the Princeton faculty in 1976. Saul Kripke's work has significantly changed the way we look at fundamental philosophical problems today. His 1972 lectures at Princeton University, published as Naming and Necessity (1980), shattered a centuries-old consensus on the nature of the fundamental semantical concepts of connotation and reference, as well as challenging received ideas about necessity and contingency. On the technical side, Kripke transformed the subjects of modal and intuitionistic logic. He has also made fundamental contributions to set theory and generalized recursion theory, and to Boolean Algebra. Subsequently he proposed the first new formal theory of truth since Alfred Tarski's epochal work in the 1930s. He also proposed a radically new interpretation of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, one which continues to be at the center of virtually every discussion of that famous work. Kripke delivered Oxford University's John Locke Lectures in 1973-74 and was awarded the Swedish Academy of Sciences' Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy in 2001. Saul Kripke was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2004. He has received honorary degrees from the University of Nebraska, Omaha (1977), Johns Hopkins University (1997) the University of Haifa (1998) and the University of Pennsylvania (2005).

	Name:	Dr. Bruce Kuklick
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Bruce Kuklick is primarily an intellectual historian, although he has also written about the American presidency, the partition of Germany in 1945, and a Philadelphia baseball stadium. In two of his finest books he analyzes American intellectual life between 1880 and 1930. The Rise of American Philosophy presents a group portrait of Harvard philosophers in the golden age of Josiah Royce and William James, while Puritans in Babylon studies the cultural and institutional impact of the first American archaeological explorations of the ancient Near East. In A History of Philosophy in America, 1720-2000, which received a rave review in the Times Literary Supplement, he focuses with great acuity on the 300-year conflict between religious and secular values in American intellectual life. His more recent published work focuses on the role of academics in the political world (Intellectuals and War: From Kennan to Kissinger, 2006), and at the present time he is engaged in writing an international history of great power intervention in the Congo in 1960-61 and the assassination of Patrice Lumumba. A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania (Ph.D., 1968) and a member of the faculty since 1972, Dr. Kuklick has served as Roy F. and Jeannette P. Nichols Professor of History since 1996. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2004. In 2015 he was awarded the Henry Allen Moe Prize from the American Philosophical Society for his paper "Killing Lumumba" presented at the Society’s April Meeting in 2012, and published in the June 2014 Proceedings.

	Name:	Dr. Robert P. Langlands
	Institution:	Institute for Advanced Study
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	The "Langlands Philosophy" is widely recognized as the most far-reaching dream that mathematicians currently have for the future development of mathematics. For the past three centuries, the subject of modular forms has been a major strand of mathematics, treated by such great mathematicians as Euler and Gauss. But it had the character of a bag of tricks and special results. Then, in 1967, Dr. Langlands announced the "Langlands conjectures," which displayed for the first time the underlying patterns at work. In the 35 years since then, these conjectures have become increasingly important. Guided by them, an underlying unity has been found, with deep consequences for many branches of mathematics. These include number theory (where Langlands' work played a role in Wiles' proof of Fermat's conjecture), algebraic geometry (where 30 of the best young geometers work in what they call "geometric Langlands theory"), and representation theory (where the Langlands conjectures lead to a classification of the representations that come up in the study of quantum mechanics). Today, the Langlands conjectures provide the basic motivation and guidance for the work of many mathematicians working in diverse fields. Dr. Langlands has also written extensively on mathematical physics, and he has a strong interest in history. A graduate of Yale University (Ph.D., 1960), he has been a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study since 1972. He is currently Professor of Mathematics Emeritus. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and has been awarded the Lester R. Ford Prize from the Mathematical Association of America. In 2018 he was awarded the Abel Prize.

	Name:	Mr. H. F. (Gerry) Lenfest
	Institution:	The Lenfest Foundation
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	August 5, 2018

	A celebrated leader in business and philanthropy, Gerry Lenfest was an active and generous supporter of educational, civic, and cultural causes. He dedicated his talents and resources to sustaining and enhancing the vitality of the Philadelphia region and communities beyond, especially in the fields of the arts and education. He and his wife received the Philadelphia Award in 2009 in recognition of their contributions to the region. In 2017 he was awarded the Carnegie Medal for Philanthropy. Mr. Lenfest's career began in law, and through his work at Triangle Publications with Walter H. Annenberg, he became engaged with the communications industry. His cable television company, Suburban Cable TV, was a leader in the cable sector until its sale to Comcast in 2000. He launched a televised promotional campaign for all the resident companies of the Kimmel Center and the Academy of Music, as well as the Philadelphia Museum of Art (where he served as chairman of the board), increasing public awareness of the arts in Philadelphia. Lenfest also supported the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Michener Museum, among other arts institutions. Holding a variety of institutional leadership positions, Lenfest aided in the growth of the schools he attended - Columbia Law School, Washington and Lee University, and Mercersburg Academy. In 2000, he and his wife established The Lenfest Foundation, dedicated to supporting programs that provide individuals of all ages and backgrounds with opportunities to help themselves improve the quality of their lives. In 2007 the Librarian of Congress appointed Lenfest as chairman of the James Madison Council, the library's private-sector advisory body. In 2015 Lenfest donated the Philadelphia Media Network, including The Inquirer, Daily News, and philly.com, to the nonprofit Institute for Journalism in New Media in order to ensure the stability and independence of local news. His support and leadership was instrumental to the creation of the Museum of the American Revolution, which opened in 2017. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2004. Gerry Lenfest died on August 5, 2018, at the age of 88.

	Name:	Dr. Willem J. M. Levelt
	Institution:	Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics; Nijmegen University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	305
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1938

	Willem "Pim" Levelt's own research and his strong intellectual leadership of the Max Planck Institute made it the leading center in the world for psycholinguistic research. He served at its Director 1980-2006. Dr. Levelt's work on lexical access in speech production and related topics is outstanding. His 1989 book, Speaking, and his many research articles on all aspects of speech production have brought him recognition as one of the world's leading psycholinguists. He has, in addition, played a broad and important role in the organization and development of Dutch social sciences. Recognition of this fact is evident in his election as president of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences, which he served 2002-2005.

	Name:	Dr. Massimo Livi-Bacci
	Institution:	University of Florence
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	Massimo Livi-Bacci is a leading demographic historian. He has written the fundamental demographic histories of both Italy and Portugal, using province-level records of vital statistics and censuses. In The Population of Europe: A History he has produced a masterful synthesis of European demographic history, one that emphasizes the exogenous role of disease. His Concise History of World Population encapsulates the vast sweep of human demographic history in a graceful way that does justice to the subject's complexity. Dr. Livi-Bacci has contributed important analytic papers on the social reaction to mortality crises in Italy, the demographic response to Columbus' arrival in Hispaniola, and other subjects. Since 1984 he has been Professor of Demography, Faculty of Political Science "Cesare Alfieri," at the University of Florence.

	Name:	Sir Colin Lucas
	Institution:	University of Oxford
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1940

	Sir Colin Lucas studied at Lincoln College, Oxford for his undergraduate and graduate degrees and then taught at the Universities of Sheffield and Manchester before returning to Oxford in 1973 as a Fellow and Tutor in Modern History at Balliol College. He is a specialist in the history of eighteenth-century France, principally the French Revolution. His research interests include terror, revolutionary and popular violence, the causes of revolution, and practices of democratic politics in situations of stress. Sir Colin left Oxford in 1990 to become Professor of History and then Dean of the Division of Social Sciences at the University of Chicago, and returned as Master of Balliol College, a position he held between 1994 and 2001. He was appointed Vice-Chancellor (president) of the University of Oxford in 1997 - the first Oxford Vice-Chancellor to serve for seven years - and has implemented and overseen the extensive changes in governance of the University which have taken place since 2000. These included the adoption of external members of the University's Council, radical restructuring of the committee system, divisionalisation of academic departments, and new resource allocation and financial management systems. He held a number of other offices within the University, including the Chairmanship of OUP. During his term of office Sir Colin also established and chaired a University working party on Access, which reported in 1999. He was elected member of the Executive Committee of Universities UK, the representative body for UK higher education institutions, and he also chaired the Milton Keynes, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire AimHigher Programme, established to encourage wider participation in higher education. In 2001 he became the first non-US trustee of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Sir Colin is a member of the Board of the British Library and is also Education Advisor to the State Governor of Guangdong Province in China. He holds honorary doctorates from the University of Lyon-II in France, The University of Sheffield, the University of Glasgow, the University of Western Australia, Princeton University, Peking University, St. Francis Xavier University, Nova Scotia and Oxford Brookes University. He is a Fellow of All Souls College, and an Honorary Fellow of Lincoln College and Balliol College, Oxford. Sir Colin stepped down as Vice-Chancellor in October 2004. Having been a trustee of the Rhodes Trust for nine years, he accepted the position of Warden of Rhodes House in October of 2004.

	Name:	Mr. A. Bruce Mainwaring
	Institution:	UTI Corporation; Micro-Coax, Inc.; Beaumont Retirement Community; University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1927
	Death Date:	September 6, 2022

	A. Bruce Mainwaring is the retired Chairman of the Board of Directors of the UTI Corporation (now Accellent, Inc.)which manufactures metal tubing and tubular products. He is Chairman of Micro-Coax, Inc. manufacturer of microwave and telecommunications components. A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, he served on the university\'s Board of Trustees from 1991-96, assuming an emeritus position in 1997. He has also served on the Board of Overseers of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (1983-96, chair, 1991-96, emeritus, 1997-) and is a former trustee or board member of numerous organizations, including Beaumont Retirement Community, Inc. (chair, 2004-2007), International House of Philadelphia(chair, 1980-82), American Research Center in Egypt, Valley Forge Council of the Boy Scouts of America, Philadelphia Area Council for Economic Education, Chief Executives\' Organization, Academic Affairs Committee of the Monmouth College (Illinois) Senate (Chair) Academic Affairs Committee 1975-1977, and he served on committees to revise the governance and relocate the campus of Episcopal Academy. A highly successful businessman, Mainwaring has also had a lifelong interest in the sciences and has been able to maintain an active interest in scholarly institutions, especially the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology & Anthropology. An enlightened philanthropist, he has generously supported a host of important scholarly activities over the years, has chaired the boards of important cultural institutions such as the University of Pennsylvania Museum and the International House of Philadelphia and is highly knowledgeable about a host of scholarly fields.

	Name:	Dr. Fedwa Malti-Douglas
	Institution:	Indiana University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	408
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1946
	Death Date:	February 17, 2023

	Fedwa Malti-Douglas served as the Martha C. Kraft Chair of Humanities in the College of Arts and Sciences, Professor of Gender Studies and Comparative Literature and Adjunct Professor of Law in the School of Law at Indiana University. In January 2013 she became College Professor Emeritus at Indiana University. A former Chercheur at the CNRS in Paris, she was a faculty member at the Salzburg Seminar in Salzburg, Austria, a Resident Fellow at the Bellagio Study and Conference Center, and a Senior Fellow at the Society for the Humanities at Cornell University. She was selected by the Cornell College of Arts and Sciences as the James H. Becker Annual Distinguished Alumna. In addition, Dr. Malti-Douglas has delivered many annual, name, and endowed lectures, been the recipient of numerous grants, and served on various boards (including editorial boards) and visiting committees. After winning the 1997 Kuwait Prize for Arts and Letters, Dr. Malti-Douglas went on to receive the 1998 Distinguished Scholar Award from the Office for Women's Affairs as well as the 2000 Distinguished Faculty Research Lecture Award at Indiana University (both university wide). The Indiana University Student Association had already named her an Outstanding Teacher in 1993-94. The author of nine scholarly books and coauthor of three more, she has also published over ninety articles (as well as being editor of coeditor of four volumes). Her book Men, Women, and God(s) was chosen as A Centennial Book by the University of California Press (1995) and her The Starr Report Disrobed (2000) was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. Dr. Malti-Douglas has also published a novel, Hisland (1998, 1999), an academic satire featured in The Chronicle of Higher Education, where Marjorie Perloff called it "one of the funniest academic novels in recent years." Prof. Malti-Douglas has been a guest on radio and television programs. She served as Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender (4 volumes, 2006). She was awarded the 2014 National Humanities Medal and the 2015 Indiana University President's Medal.

	Name:	Dr. Benoit B. Mandelbrot
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	October 14, 2010

	His Wolf Prize citation hails Benoit Mandelbrot for having "changed our view of nature", and IBM had cited him earlier in words that have been repeatedly confirmed: "Few contemporary scholars have made such penetrating contributions to as many fields of physical and social science. . . His success, where others have faltered, has been due to a combination of command of mathematical tools, extraordinary breadth, and even rarer intellectual courage." Fractal geometry, which he pioneered and named, also changed the way students and the world at large view mathematics and science. In pure mathematics, examination of masterful computer graphics led him to conjectures of great taste and difficulty that brought several slowly moving fields to intense activity. His observations revived iteration theory after a half century of forced inactivity; but his MLC conjecture (that the "Mandelbrot set is locally connected") is still unsolved after more than a quarter century. In probability theory, his conjecture that the boundary of a segment of Brownian notion is of dimension 4/3 was only proved after 18 years. He broadened the scope of physics by quantifying for the first time a holdover basic sensation, showing that the roughness of typical surfaces can actually be measured by a fractal dimension or Hölder exponent that turned out to be a new "universal." He showed how the support of intermittent turbulence can be measured and how the physics of diverse clusters is determined by their fractal geometry. In economics he enunciated the scaling principle in the 1960s, and his models for price variation, including his later notion of variable (fractal) trading time, are central to current developments in finance. A native of Poland, Benoit Mandelbrot became Docteur d'Etat ès Sciences Mathématiques in Paris in 1952. He was IBM Fellow Emeritus in Physics and Sterling Professor Emeritus of Mathematical Sciences at Yale University at the time of his death on October 14,2010, at the age of 85.

	Name:	Dr. Douglas S. Massey
	Institution:	Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1952

	Douglas S. Massey served as the Henry G. Bryant Professor of Sociology and Public Affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, becoming Emeritus in 2023. Formerly he was the Dorothy Swaine Thomas Professor and Chair of Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. He is co-author of American Apartheid (Harvard University Press, 1993), which won the Distinguished Publication Award of the American Sociological Association. More recently he co-authored The Source of the River (2003, the first analysis of minority achievement in selective colleges and universities based on a representative sample, as well as the follow up book Taming the River (2009), which examined the determinants of persistence and grade achievement through the first two years of college (both from Princeton University Press. Massey has also published extensively on Mexican immigration, including the books Return to Aztlan (University of California Press, 1987) and Miracles on the Border (University of Arizona Press, 1995), which won a 1996 Southwest Book Award. His latest two books on immigration are Beyond Smoke and Mirrors (Russell Sage, 2002), which won the 2004 Otis Dudley Duncan Award for the best book in social demography, and Brokered Boundaries: Constructing Immigrant Identity in Anti-Immigrant Times (Russell Sage 2010). In 2017 he was awarded the Henry Allen Moe Prize of the American Philosophical Society for his paper " The Mexican-U.S. Border in the American Imagination" presented to the Society at its April 2015 Meeting and published in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, volume 160, no. 2, June 2016. Massey has also served on the faculty of the University of Chicago where he directed its Latin American Studies Center and Population Research Center. He is also formerly a director of the University of Pennsylvania's Population Studies Center and chair of its Graduate Group in Demography. During 1979 and 1980 he undertook postdoctoral research at the University of California at Berkeley and Princeton University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1978. Massey is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He is Past-President of the Population Association of America and the American Sociological Association and current President of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. He was recently elected to the Council of the National Academy of Science.

	Name:	Mr. David McCullough
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1933
	Death Date:	August 7, 2022

	David McCullough has been called "a master of the art of narrative history." Born in Pennsylvania in 1933, he earned his B.A. from Yale University and went on to craft a brilliant career as an author, editor, essayist, teacher and television narrator. He is the author of seven distinguished books: The Johnstown Flood (1968); The Great Bridge: The Epic Story of the Building of the Brooklyn Bridge (1972); The Path between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914 (1977); Mornings on Horseback: The Story of an Extraordinary Family, a Vanished Way of Life and the Unique Child Who Became Theodore Roosevelt (1981); Brave Companions (1991); Truman (1992); John Adams (2001); and The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris (2011). A master of his craft, Mr. McCullough has consistently reached a wide audience with his historical narratives on dramatic themes. Combining scrupulous scholarship with literary distinction. Mr. McCullough's writing has been recognized with multiple Pulitzer Prizes (1993, 2002), National Book Awards (1978, 1993) and Francis Parkman Prizes as well as the National Humanities Medal, among other honors. He is a member of the Society of American Historians (past president) and of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was named a Library of Congress "Living Legend" in 2008.

	Name:	Mr. Robert L. McNeil
	Institution:	The Barra Foundation; McNeil Laboratories, Inc.
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	May 20, 2010

	Robert L. McNeil, Jr. is a philanthropist who has devoted more than forty years to strengthening the artistic and intellectual environment of the Philadelphia area. Born in Connecticut in 1915, he holds a B.S. from Yale University (1936) and a B.Sc. from Philadelphia College of Pharmacy & Science (1938). From 1938-65 he worked at McNeil Laboratories as research chemist to director of research department to vice president (1938-56); director (1941-65); and chairman (1956-65). Since 1964, through the Barra Foundation, Mr. McNeil has done a great deal to support research and publication in early American history and culture. He has supported the publication of scores of difficult-to-fund art books and scholarly editions, has endowed professorships of American art history at Yale University and Wellesley College, and has endowed fellowships at the Winterthur Museum, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Library Company of Philadelphia, and the American Philosophical Society Library. He has also generously endowed the McNeil Center for Early American Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, which was renamed in his honor. A noted collector of American art, silver and furniture of the period 1750-1825, he has made important gifts to such institutions as the National Gallery, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Winterthur Museum, and the National Constitution Center. Mr. McNeil has served as a director of corporations such as Johnson & Johnson, Arrow International, Inc., Island Gem Enterprises and Resco Products, Inc. He has also been vice president and trustee of the Philadelphia Museum of Art; governor of the Yale University Art Gallery; director of the Archives of American Art, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and the Valley Forge Historical Society; and a trustee of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy & Science, Princeton Theological Seminary and Germantown Academy. In sum, Robert McNeil is a remarkably active and effective supporter of art, education, and public service.

	Name:	Dr. J. Hillis Miller
	Institution:	University of California, Irvine
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402. Criticism: Arts and Letters
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1928
	Death Date:	February 9, 2021

	J. Hillis Miller taught for many years at the Johns Hopkins University and then at Yale University before moving in 1986 to the University of California, Irvine, where he was UCI Distinguished Research Professor of English and Comparative Literature Emeritus. He was the author of many books and essays on nineteenth and twentieth-century English, European, and American literature, and on literary theory. His most recent books are Others (2001), Speech Acts in Literature (2002), On Literature (2002), and Zero Plus One (2003). His recent work includes a book on speech acts in the novels and stories of Henry James. A J. Hillis Miller Reader has also recently appeared from Edinburgh University Press and Stanford University Press. He died on February 9, 2021.

	Name:	Dr. Linda Nochlin
	Institution:	Institute of Fine Arts, New York University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	October 29, 2017

	One of the most important and influential art historians of the later twentieth century, Linda Nochlin was a pioneer in the feminist approach to art history. Functioning both as a scholar and as a role model for younger art historians, Dr. Nochlin conducted important research in the field of late nineteenth and early twentieth century French art. Her writings on Courbet are essential to the bibliography on this important painter, and in a series of important essays she explored with erudition and great eloquence questions of the relationship between art and power, particularly in the areas of politics and gender. Deeply versed in theoretical approaches to the field, Dr. Nochlin's work is informed by a profound humanity and generosity of spirit, qualities which have made her an inspiring teacher and mentor to many students and younger scholars. She was the Lila Acheson Wallace Professor of Modern Art at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts. Dr. Nochlin has also taught at Yale University (1990-92), Vassar College (1963-80) and the City University of New York (1980-90). She is the author of books including Realism (1972); Gustave Courbet: A Study of Style and Society (1976); Art and Architecture in the Service of Politics (1978); Courbet Reconsidered (1988); Women, Art, Power & Other Essays (1988); and The Politics of Vision (1990). Linda Nochlin died October 29, 2017, at the age of 86 in Manhattan.

	Name:	Ms. Julie Packard
	Institution:	Monterey Bay Aquarium
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	105. Physical Earth Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1953

	Through her leadership of the Monterey Bay Aquarium, support of projects via the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, and service of the Pew Oceans Commission, Julie Packard has become an icon for understanding and protecting the Earth\'s environment. She helped found the Monterey Bay Aquarium twenty years ago, providing strong leadership ans the first and only executive director of an institution whose mission is to promote and inspire ocean conservation. With teh Monterey Bay Aquarium success, in 1987 the Packard family founded the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, dedicated to the advancement of ocean sciences. Julie Packard has served as a member of its board since its inception and as chair since 1996. A trustee of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation for 25 years, she has helped share the foundation\'s philanthropic programs to support conservation and science. Born in California, Ms. Packard hold an M.A. from University of California, Santa Cruz (1978). She was awarded the Audubon Medal for Conservation in 1998.

	Name:	Dr. P. James E. Peebles
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1935

	An outstanding theoretical cosmologist, Jim Peebles has pioneered two important themes of modern cosmology: using physics and observations to reach a better understanding of cosmic evolution from the big bang, and seeking a quantitative understanding of the large-scale structure of the universe. After receiving his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1962, Dr. Peebles started to look into testable effects of a hot dense epoch after the big bang. In particular, he found that if thermal radiation exists, the universe must have gone through a stage about 100 seconds after the big bang when about 25 percent of the matter combined to form helium nuclei (the sun is about 25 percent helium). The agreement between observations and the theory of the abundance of light nuclei is a major factor in support of the modern cosmological model. Dr. Peebles has been associated with Princeton University, where he is presently Albert Einstein Professor of Science Emeritus, for over 40 years. A member of the American Physical Society, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Dr. Peebles has received many honors for his accomplishments, including the A.C. Morrison Award in National Science (1977), the Royal Astronomical Society's Eddington Medal (1981) and Gold Medal (1998) and the Gruber Cosmology Prize (2000). In 2019 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics.

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