APS Member History

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	Name:	Dr. Richard C. Atkinson
	Institution:	University of California
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	205. Microbiology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1929

	Richard C. Atkinson served from 1995-2003 as the seventeenth president of the University of California system. His eight-year tenure was marked by innovative approaches to admissions and outreach, research initiatives to accelerate the University’s contributions to the state’s economy, and a challenge to the country’s most widely used admissions examination "the SAT 1" that paved the way to major changes in the way millions of America’s youth now are tested for college admissions. Before becoming president of the UC System he served for fifteen years as chancellor of UC San Diego, where he led that campus’s emergence as one of the leading research universities in the nation. He is a former director of the National Science Foundation, past president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was a long-term member of the faculty at Stanford University. His research in the field of cognitive science and psychology has been concerned with problems of memory and cognition. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Education, the American Philosophical Society, and a mountain in Antarctica has been named in his honor.

	Name:	Dr. Lipman Bers
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1914
	Death Date:	10/29/93

	Name:	Dr. Derek C. Bok
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1930

	Derek Bok is the 300th Anniversary University Professor; University President Emeritus; and Faculty Chair of the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Harvard University. He has been a lawyer and Professor of Law, Dean of the Law School and President of Harvard University. He has written several books on higher education: Beyond the Ivory Tower (1982), Higher Learning (1986), Universities and the Future of America (1990), The Shape of the River (1998), Universities in the Marketplace (2003), Our Underachieving Colleges (2006), Higher Education in America (2013) and The Struggle to Reform Our Colleges (2017). He serves as Chair of the Board of the Spencer Foundation and as Chair of Common Cause. His current research interests include the state of higher education and a project sponsored by several foundations on the adequacy of the U.S. government in coping with the nation's domestic problems. The first of his two books on this subject is The State of the Nation (1997); the second, The Trouble with Government, was published in 2001. His most recent book, The Politics of Happiness (2010), is an exploration of the crossover space between economics and psychology. In his time at Harvard, including 20 years as the university's president, Dr. Bok has reasserted the values of liberal learning and the place of undergraduate instruction in the contemporary "research university."

	Name:	Dr. Ronald Breslow
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	October 25, 2017

	Ronald Breslow was born in Rahway, New Jersey in 1931. He received his undergraduate and graduate training at Harvard University, where he did his Ph.D. research with Professor R.B. Woodward. He then spent a year in Cambridge, England as a postdoctoral fellow with Lord Todd and came to Columbia University in 1956 as instructor in chemistry. He was the Samuel Latham Mitchill Professor of Chemistry at Columbia, one of twelve University Professors, and a former Chairman of the Department. Professor Breslow's research interests can be described generally as involving the design and synthesis of new molecules with interesting properties, and the study of these properties. Examples include the cyclopropenyl cation, the simplest aromatic system and the first aromatic compound prepared with other than six electrons in a ring. His work establishing the phenomenon of anti-aromaticity has involved the synthesis of novel molecules, as well as their study. Even in work on purely mechanistic questions, such as his discovery of the chemical mechanism used by thiamine (vitamin B-1) in biochemical reactions, the synthesis and study of novel molecules played an important role. Although he continued his interest in unusual conjugated systems, his major emphasis in later years was on the synthesis and study of molecules that imitate enzymatic reactions. This work has included the development of remote functionalization reactions and the development of artificial enzymes. He developed a new group of cytodifferentiating agents with potential use in cancer chemotherapy. He is the author of over 400 publications. Professor Breslow was a member of the National Academy of Sciences (Chairman of the Chemistry Division 1974-77), the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the European Academy of Science. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1980. He was on the editorial board of a number of scientific journals, and had held over 150 named and visiting professorships. His major scientific awards include the American Chemical Society Award in Pure Chemistry (1966), the Baekeland Medal (1969), the Harrison Howe Award (1974), the Remsen Prize (1977), the Richards Medal (1984), the Allan Day Award (1990) and the U.S. National Medal of Science (1991). He won the Welch Award in Chemistry in 2003 and the Willard Gibbs Award in 2004 and also received the Mark Van Doren Medal of Columbia University and the Columbia University Great Teacher Award. Dr. Breslow added the 2010 Perkin Medal and the 2014 American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal to his long list of awards. Ronald Breslow died October 25, 2017, at the age of 86.

	Name:	Dr. E. Margaret Burbidge
	Institution:	University of California, San Diego
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1919
	Death Date:	April 5, 2020

	English-born American astronomer Eleanor Margaret Burbidge was the first woman to be appointed director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory. She was at the forefront in obtaining and interpreting quasar data and made notable contributions to astrospectroscopy, radio galaxies, masses and evolution of normal galaxies, and the chemical composition of stars. Dr. Burbidge served as assistant director and acting director of the Observatory of the University of London from 1948-51. In 1955 her husband, theoretical astrophysicist Geoffrey Burbidge, obtained a Carnegie fellowship for astronomical research at the Mount Wilson Observatory in California. Because women were then ineligible for such an appointment, she chose to accept a minor research post at the California Institute of Technology. In 1957 she became Shirley Farr Fellow and, later, associate professor at Yerkes Observatory at Williams Bay, Wisconsin. She also served as research astronomer and professor of astronomy at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) before taking a leave of absence to serve as director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in 1972. Her Greenwich duties did not come with the traditional honorary title of Astronomer Royal, which instead was given to a male astronomer, in another instance of discrimination against women in the astronomical community. A longtime champion of opportunities in science for women, she refused the Annie J. Cannon Prize from the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in 1972 because, as it was an award for women only, it represented for her another facet of the same discrimination. Her action led to the formation of a standing AAS committee for the status of women in astronomy. From 1979-88 Dr. Burbidge directed UCSD's Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, where she helped develop some of the Hubble Space Telescope's original instruments. She became a professor emeritus of the university in 1990. E. Margaret Burbidge died on April 5, 2020 in San Francisco, California at the age of 100.

	Name:	Prof. Archibald Cox
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1912
	Death Date:	May 29, 2004

	Name:	Dr. Vincent G. Dethier
	Institution:	University of Massachusetts
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	9/7/93

	Name:	Dr. John Kenneth Galbraith
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	302. Economics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1908
	Death Date:	April 30, 2006

	Name:	Dr. Marvin L. Goldberger
	Institution:	University of California, San Diego
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1922
	Death Date:	November 26, 2014

	Marvin Goldberger was an emeritus professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego at the time of his death on November 26, 2011, at the age of 92. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1948 and also served on the faculties of the University of Chicago, Princeton University and the University of California, Los Angeles. In 1959 Dr. Goldberger, along with Sam Treiman established the Goldberger-Treiman relations, which gave a quantitative connection between the strong and weak interaction properties of the proton and neutron. From 1978-87 he served as the president of the California Institute of Technology, where he stressed undergraduate education and oversaw the revision of teaching standards, the restructuring of curriculum, and the renovation of the undergraduate dorms. From 1987-91 he directed the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University. Dr. Goldberger served as co-chairman of the National Research Council and as a member of the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation International Advisory Board. He authored works such as Collision Theory and was the editor of Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States: Continuity and Change and Verification: Monitoring Disarmament. He was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and had been an active participant in national and international scientific affairs. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in1980.

	Name:	Dr. Eric P. Hamp
	Institution:	University of Chicago & University of Shkodër
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1920
	Death Date:	February 17, 2019

	Linguist Eric P. Hamp was born in England in 1920 and received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1954. He was associated with the University of Chicago from 1950, when he took the position of instructor, until the end of his career, when he was professor of Indo-European linguistics and Emeritus Professor of Linguistics. An authority on the Indo-European family of languages, Dr. Hamp approached languages ranging from Albanian and Celtic to Native American languages with both fine judgment and sophisticated control of data. He served as director of the Center for Balkan and Slavic Studies, presided over the Linguistic Society of America, and taught as a visiting professor at universities in Edinburgh, Belgrade, Copenhagen, and Bucharest. Dr. Hamp authored thousands of published works, including Glossary of American Technical Linguistic Usage (1966) and Language and Machines (1966). In 2015 he was awarded the Medal of Merit by the President of Kosova. Eric P. Hamp died February 17, 2019 in Traverse City, MI, at the age of 98.

	Name:	Dr. Leon Van Hove
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	9/2/1991

	Name:	Sir Fred Hoyle
	Institution:	University of Cambridge
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	August 20, 2001

	Name:	Dr. Herbert Hunger
	Institution:	University of Vienna
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1914
	Death Date:	July 9, 2000

	Name:	Dr. Georges May
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1920
	Death Date:	February 28, 2003

	Name:	Dr. Henry Moore
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1898
	Death Date:	8/31/86

	Name:	Dr. Jane M. Oppenheimer
	Institution:	Bryn Mawr College
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	202. Cellular and Developmental Biology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1911
	Death Date:	3/19/1996

	Name:	Dr. James B. Reston
	Institution:	New York Times
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1909
	Death Date:	12/6/95

	Name:	Dr. Alexander Rich
	Institution:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	April 27, 2015

	Alexander Rich was a preeminent researcher in structural molecular biology. He joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in1958, and he had been the William Thompson Sedgwick Professor of Biophysics. Best known for the discovery of left-handed DNA, or Z-DNA, and the three-dimensional structure of transfer RNA, he was also one of the leading workers in the determination of structure and function of Z-DNA binding proteins by x-ray crystallographic and other methods. Dr. Rich received his M.D. from Harvard University Medical School in 1949 and was a founder and director of the pharmaceutical development company Alkermes, Inc. He was awarded the 1995 U.S. National Medal of Science, the 2000 Bower Award for Excellence in Science and the 2009 Welch Award in Chemistry, among other honors, and he has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1980. Dr. Rich died April 27, 2015, at the age of 90, in Boston, Massachusetts.

	Name:	Dr. S. Dillon Ripley
	Institution:	Smithsonian Institution
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1913
	Death Date:	March 12, 2001

	Name:	Dr. Dennis W. Sciama
	Institution:	International School for Advanced Study, Italy
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1926
	Death Date:	December 19, 1999

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