Subdivision
• | 101. Astronomy |
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| • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
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| • | 103. Engineering |
(1)
| • | 104. Mathematics |
(1)
| • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences |
(1)
| • | 106. Physics |
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| • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(1)
| • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(2)
| • | 205. Microbiology |
(1)
| • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(1)
| • | 209. Neurobiology |
(1)
| • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(1)
| • | 302. Economics |
(1)
| • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(2)
| • | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science |
(1)
| • | 401. Archaeology |
(1)
| • | 404a |
(1)
| • | 404b |
(1)
| • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(2)
| • | 406. Linguistics |
(1)
| • | 501. Creative Artists |
(1)
| • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(2)
| • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(4)
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| 1 | Name: | Dr. Hans Aarsleff | | Institution: | Princeton University | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | Subdivision: | 406. Linguistics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | | | Hans Aarsleff was born near Copenhagen, Denmark in 1925. He attended local schools and graduated cum laude from nearby state Gymnasium in 1943 with concentrations in math and natural science. He matriculated from the University of Copenhagen in fall 1943, having studed English and French literatures and languages with emphasis on philosophy and linguistics. He studied Old Norse, Old and Middle English, Latin, Gothic, French and Sanskrit. During 1944-45, he was trained in underground resistance to the German Occupation, on duty four weeks after May 4, 1945. In fall 1948 Aarsleff was admitted on one-year scholarship to graduate study in English at the University of Minnesota, where the most memorable courses were Robert Penn Warren's on the theory of the novel and the theory of poetry. Aarsleff studied with John W. Clark and Harold B. Allen, taught courses in linguistics and history of the language as assistant to Allen; and studied Hittite with Donald Swanson. During the summers of 1949, 1950, and 1951 he sold ice cream and hot dogs with traveling amusement parks in some states in the Midwest and the West, a very rich and instructive experience. He was an instructor in freshman English at Minnesota from 1942-56 while also working as a busboy in the University Hospitals. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1960. His dissertation on "The Study of Language in England, 1780-1860", published revised under the same title in January of 1967 (with a re-issue in 1983), features innovative introduction on contextual method in the history of scholarship and linguistics, a form of history this book, by virtue of its method, was among the first to initiate. For important information related to the method, see his essay on Koerner's historiography of linguistics in Anthropological Linguistics, March 1973. Dr. Aarsleff joined the faculty at Princeton University in 1956 as an instructor in the Department of English. He became a professor in 1972 and emeritus in 1998. At Princeton, he has taught courses in Early English literature, Chaucer, Old English, Old Norse, history of the language, and the history of linguistic thought, in addition to the entire spectrum of English and largely also American literature as preceptor in many courses. He has published on issues in intellectual history from the 16th century to the 20th, including eight entries in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography and essays on, among others, Locke, Leibniz, Descartes, Herder, Condillac, Humboldt, Taine, Saussure and Joseph Bedier. Some of these essays were later included in a book in 1982. In 1988 came his interpretive introduction to a new translation of Wilhelm von Humboldt's final and chief work on language; in 2001, the Cambridge University Press published his translation with introduction of Condillac's Essay on the Origin of Human Knowledge. He has also contributed on the philosophy of language to the forthcoming Cambridge History of Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century. In 1984, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, and in 1994 he was elected to the APS and to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. His chief motive has always been to try to open up fresh ways of looking at things, to question and often to undermine received opinion, and to establish his positions on the grounds of wide and solid knowledge, on well-argued interpretation, and not least, on close attention to context - thus spurning questions - begging claims about climate and opinion as a mode of understanding. For these reasons, his work has often proved controversial, even heretical. But this is a mark of our times. In his years, scholarship has become steadily more compliant, more of the donkey-follow-donkey variety, without circumspection. It is common to see stuff that in notes refers to a slew of "see also" titles that are given without page references, the "see also" category thus easily comprising 2,000 pages or more. Very often, some or all of those titles contain material which, had the author read it, would have forced radical change in the author's argument and in its foundations. He finds good if not cheerful sense in what Max Planck called a "remarkable" fact he once learned in his work, namely that "a new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it." | |
2 | Name: | Dr. Bruce Alberts | | Institution: | University of California, San Francisco | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | | | Bruce Alberts is a molecular biologist of extraordinary breadth. His rigorous studies of the replication of the genome of a bacterial virus led to the concept of a complex "protein machine" that carries out the sequential steps of DNA replication. Along the way, he discovered novel proteins that unwind, stabilize or relax DNA as they participate in the replication process.
Dr. Alberts is one of the principal authors of The Molecular Biology of the Cell, considered the field's leading advanced textbook and used widely in U.S. colleges and universities. Born in Chicago, he graduated from Harvard College with a degree in biochemical sciences and earned a doctorate from Harvard University in 1965. He joined the faculty of Princeton University in 1966 and after 10 years moved to the Medical School of the University of California, San Francisco, where he is now professor emeritus. He was awarded an American Cancer Society Lifetime Research Professorship in 1980. He served as president of the National Academy of Sciences from 1993 to 2005. Dr. Alberts has been a leader in efforts to improve science education in public schools and has guided policy studies as chairman of the Commission on Life Sciences of the National Research Council. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Science. In 2010 he was named winner of the George Brown Award for International Scientific Cooperation, in 2014 he was awarded the National Medal of Science, and in 2016 he was recognized by the Lasker-Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science. | |
3 | Name: | Dr. Joyce Appleby | | Institution: | University of California, Los Angeles | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1929 | | Death Date: | December 23, 2016 | | | | | One of the most important historians of early America of her generation, Joyce Appleby was born in Omaha, Nebraska in 1929 and taught at the University of California, Los Angeles for twenty years. After graduating from Stanford University in 1950, she worked in the field of newspaper and magazine writing, including a stint for Mademoiselle magazine in New York City. She later returned to California, where she raised her family while earning a Ph.D. in history from Claremont Graduate School. Despite a late career start, Dr. Appleby has, through her books and about 25 important articles, reshaped perspectives on the ideological dimensions of early American life. She published a presidential biography of Thomas Jefferson in 2003, a collection of her essays, A Restless Past: History and the American Public, in 2005, and also recently edited a volume of the writings of Thomas Paine. Her latest book, The Relentless Revolution (2010), traces Capitalism through its various twists and turns and analyses its function as an extension of culture. She has served as president of the Organization of American Historians and as Harmsworth Professor at Oxford University. Dr. Appleby co-directed the History News Service, wrote op-ed essays and worked on the living wage movement in Los Angeles. She died December 23, 2016, at the age of 87. | |
4 | Name: | Dr. Gerhard H. Bowering | | Institution: | Yale University | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | Subdivision: | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1939 | | | | | Gerhard Böwering is Professor of Islamic Studies at Yale University. He was born and educated in Germany. After philosophical studies at Munich, he received a Diploma in Islamic Studies from Panjab University in Lahore, Pakistan and also studied Arabic in Cairo, Egypt. Following theological studies in Montreal, Dr. Böwering studied Islam at McGill University where he earned a Ph.D. in Islamic Studies in 1975. From 1975-84 he was first assistant and then associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1984, Dr. Böwering became Professor of Islamic Studies at Yale. He is the author of The Mystical Vision of Existence in Classical Islam (1980) and a critical Arabic edition of a Commentary on the Qur'an (1995 and 1997). He is presently preparing a monograph on the "Idea of Time in Islam" as well as a book entitled Wie die Muslime denken. His scholarly publications also include numerous articles and contributions to major reference books. Dr. Böwering was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1994. | |
5 | Name: | Dr. Joel E. Cohen | | Institution: | Rockefeller University | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | | Joel E. Cohen is Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of Populations and heads the Laboratory of Populations at the Rockefeller and Columbia Universities. At the Earth Institute of Columbia, Dr. Cohen holds appointments in the School of International and Public Affairs, the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology. Dr. Cohen's research deals with the demography, ecology, epidemiology and social organization of human and non-human populations, and with mathematical concepts useful in these fields. He received doctorates in applied mathematics in 1970 and in population sciences and tropical public health in 1973 from Harvard. He joined the faculty of Rockefeller University in 1975 and of Columbia University in 1995. Dr. Cohen has published more than 365 academic papers. His 14 books include (with Kemperman and Zbaganu) Comparisons of Stochastic Matrices, with Applications in Information Theory, Statistics, Economics and Populations Sciences, which received the Gheorghe Lazar Prize of the Romanian Academy, and How Many People Can the Earth Support, which earned Dr. Cohen the inaugural Olivia Schieffelin Nordberg Prize "for excellence in writing the population sciences." He is also the co-author (with B. Devine) of a book of scientific and mathematical jokes entitled Absolute Zero Gravity. Dr. Cohen was a co-recipient of the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement in 1999. Named one of "America's Top 100 Young Scientists" by Science Digest in 1984, Dr. Cohen was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1994 and to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1997. In 2015 he won the Golden Goos Award along with Christopher Small.
Web Link 1: http://lab.rockefeller.edu/cohenje/cohenvita
Web Link 2: http://lab.rockefeller.edu/cohenje/cohenall
Web Link 3: http://lab.rockefeller.edu/cohenje/ | |
6 | Name: | Mr. Walter Cronkite | | Institution: | CBS News | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1916 | | Death Date: | July 17, 2009 | | | | | In a career spanning more than 60 years, Walter Cronkite has been perhaps the best known and most highly respected television news anchor in broadcast journalism. He earned that recognition in a career in which he covered virutally every major news event of his time and complied special reports on vital topics, including the Vietnam War, Watergate, the Middle East, the environment and the United States space program. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for reporting and commenting on events "with a skill and insight which stands out in the news world, in a way which has made the news of the world stand out for us." He has received numerous broadcasting awards, including the Peabody and several Emmy Awards, and Harvard, Michigan and Duke Universities are among the many institutions that have recognized him with honorary doctorates. In 1966, Time magazine described Mr. Cronkite as "the single most convincing and authoritative figure in the television news," and he was the only journalist voted among the top 10 "most influential decision makers in America" in leadership surveys conducted by U.S. News and World Report from 1975 through 1978 and again in 1980. He became a special correspondent for CBS News in 1981 when he stepped down after 19 years as anchorman and managing editor of the CBS Evening News. Affectionately nicknamed "Old Iron Pants" for his unflappability under pressure, Mr. Cronkite is a man of extraordinary breadth who has shared useful knowledge with millions while promoting an understanding of important aspects of life. | |
7 | Name: | Ms. Marian Wright Edelman | | Institution: | Children's Defense Fund | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1939 | | | | | Marian Wright Edelman is founder and president of the Children's Defense Fund (CDF) and has been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. Under her leadership, CDF has become the nation's strongest voice for children and families. A graduate of Spelman College and Yale Law School, Ms. Edelman began her career in the mid-60s when, as the first black woman admitted to the Mississippi Bar, she directed the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund office in Jackson, Mississippi. In l968, she moved to Washington, D.C., as counsel for the Poor People's Campaign that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. began organizing before his death. She founded the Washington Research Project, a public interest law firm and the parent body of the Children's Defense Fund. For two years she served as the Director of the Center for Law and Education at Harvard University and in l973 began CDF. The recipient of over one hundred honorary degrees and many awards including the Albert Schweitzer Humanitarian Prize, the Heinz Award, a MacArthur Foundation Prize Fellowship, the Harvard Graduate School's Medal of Education Impact (2013) and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal (2016), Ms. Edelman was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award, in 2000. She has also been recognized with the Robert F. Kennedy Lifetime Achievement Award for her writings, which include nine books: Families in Peril: An Agenda for Social Change; The Measure of Our Success: A Letter to My Children and Yours; Guide My Feet: Meditations and Prayers on Loving and Working for Children; Stand for Children; Lanterns: A Memoir of Mentors; Hold My Hand: Prayers for Building a Movement to Leave No Child Behind; I'm Your Child, God: Prayers for Our Children; I Can Make a Difference: A Treasury to Inspire Our Children; and The Sea Is So Wide and My Boat Is So Small: Charting a Course for the Next Generation. Ms. Edelman is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2015 she was honored with the Inaugural James M. Lawson Humanitarian Award and in 2017 with the Inamori Ethics Prize. | |
8 | Name: | Dr. W. G. Ernst | | Institution: | Stanford University | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | | | W.G. Ernst joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles, on January 1, 1960. He rose through the ranks to professor of geology and geophysics, chairman of the department of geology, (1970-74), chairman of the department of earth and space sciences, (1978-82), and UCLA director of the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (1987-89). On September 1, 1989, he moved to Stanford University for a five-year term as dean of the School of Earth Sciences. Since 1999, he has held the Benjamin M. Page Chair, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University. Dr. Ernst was chairman of the Board of Earth Sciences of the National Research Council (1984-87), served on the NRC Board of Earth Sciences and Resources (1988-93), and is a trustee for the Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC (1990-present). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (chairman, section of Geology, 1979-82; secretary, then chair of Class I from 1997-2003) and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Geophysical Union, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Geological Society of America (president, 1985-86), and the Mineralogical Society of America (president, 1980-81). Dr. Ernst is also the author of six books and research memoirs, editor of 15 other research volumes, and author of more than 220 scientific papers, (not including numerous abstracts, book reviews, etc.) dealing with the physical chemistry of rocks and minerals; the Phanerozoic interactions of lithospheric plates and mobile mountain belts, especially in central Asia, the Circumpacific and the Western Alps; early Precambrian petrotectonic evolution; ultrahigh-pressure subduction-zone metamorphism and tectonics; geobotanical studies; Earth System science/remote sensing; and mineralogy and human health. He received the Mineralogical Society of America MSA Award in 1969 and its Roebling Medal for 2005, UCLA Faculty Research Lecturer in 1988, the Geological Society of Japan Medal for 1998, the Stanford School of Earth Sciences Outstanding Teaching Award for 2003, the Penrose Medal of Geological Society of America for 2004, and the American Geological Institute's Legendary Geoscientist Award in 2008. | |
9 | Name: | Prof. E. Allan Farnsworth | | Institution: | Columbia University | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | Subdivision: | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1928 | | Death Date: | January 31, 2005 | | | |
10 | Name: | Dr. Paul Greengard | | Institution: | Rockefeller University | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 208. Plant Sciences | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1925 | | Death Date: | April 13, 2019 | | | | | Paul Greengard was Vincent Astor Professor and Head of the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience at The Rockefeller University from 1983 until his death in 2019. He received his Ph.D. degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1953. He then spent five years in England receiving advanced training at the University of London, at Cambridge University and at the National Institute of Medical Research. Upon his return to the United States, Greengard worked as Director of the Department of Biochemistry at Geigy Research Laboratories, in Ardsley, New York, for eight years. From 1968 to 1983, he served as Professor of Pharmacology and Psychiatry at Yale University. Greengard authored over 1,000 scientific publications and his achievements earned him numerous prestigious awards. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for his discovery of how dopamine and a number of other neurotransmitters exert their action in the brain. Paul Greengard died April 13, 2019 in Manhattan at the age of 93. | |
11 | Name: | Dr. Prudence Oliver Harper | | Institution: | Metropolitan Museum of Art | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | Subdivision: | 401. Archaeology | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | | | Curator Emerita Prudence Oliver Harper joined the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Department of the Ancient Near East in 1958. She received her Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1977 and became curator and head of the Department of Ancient Near East in 1982. Over the course of her career, Dr. Harper led the installation of the museum's Ancient Near Eastern Art galleries, published the results of a major archaeological enterprise (Sasanian Remains from Qasr-i Abu Nasr, 1973) and compiled a thoughtful exhibition on an iconographic and ideological theme with a very important catalog (The Royal Hunter, 1978). The first volume of her Sasanian Silver Vessels (1981), together with a large set of articles, is the standard study of royal images in Late Antique Sasanian art. Her articles on Anatolian ivories and Neo-Babylonian clay scultpures also demonstrate the breadth of her knowledge. Dr. Harper has also been instrumental in maintaining and fostering continuous contacts with scholars in Russia, especially during difficult times. A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Dr. Harper has also served as chair of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Curatorial Forum and on the editorial board of the Metropolitan Museum Journal. | |
12 | Name: | Dr. Mary Ellen Jones | | Institution: | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1922 | | Death Date: | 8/23/96 | | | |
13 | Name: | Dr. Richard M. Karp | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | | | Richard M. Karp was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 3, 1935. He attended Boston Latin School and Harvard University, receiving his Ph.D. in 1959. From 1959-68 he was a member of the Mathematical Sciences Department at IBM Research. From 1968-94 and from 1999 to the present he has been a Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he held the Class of 1939 Chair and is currently a University Professor. From 1988-95 and 1999 to the present he has been a Research Scientist at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley. From 1995-99 he was a Professor at the University of Washington. During the 1985-86 academic year he was the co-organizer of a Computational Complexity Year at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley. During the 1999-2000 academic year he was the Hewlett-Packard Visiting Professor at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute. The unifying theme in Karp's work has been the study of combinatorial algorithms. His 1972 paper, "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems," showed that many of the most commonly studied combinatorial problems are NP-complete, and hence likely to be intractable. Much of his work has concerned parallel algorithms, the probabilistic analysis of combinatorial optimization algorithms and the construction of randomized algorithms for combinatorial problems. His current activities center around algorithmic methods in genomics and computer networking. He has supervised thirty-six Ph.D. dissertations. His honors and awards include the U.S. National Medal of Science, the Turing Award, the Kyoto Prize, the Fulkerson Prize, the Harvey Prize (Technion), Harvard University's Centennial Medal, the Lanchester Prize, the Von Neumann Theory Prize and Lectureship, the University of California, Berkeley's Distinguished Teaching Award and Miller Research Professorship, the Babbage Prize, and ten honorary degrees. He is a member of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, the American Philosophical Society and the French Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Association for Computing Machinery and the Institute for Operations Research and Management Science. | |
14 | Name: | Dr. Nannerl O. Keohane | | Institution: | Stanford University; Duke University | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1940 | | | | | Nannerl O. Keohane is Laurance S. Rockefeller Distinguished Visiting Professor of Public Affairs at Princeton University. She served as the eighth president of Duke University from 1993-2004, becoming the university's first female president. Prior to her tenure at Duke, Dr. Keohane served as president of Wellesley College for 12 years. Over the course of her career she has been a strong, vital advocate for educational excellence as well as a distinguished scholar of political science, with research interests including political philosophy, feminism and education. Dr. Keohane received her Ph.D. from Yale University in 1967 and taught at Swarthmore College (1967-73), the University of Pennsylvania (1970-72) and Stanford University (1973-81) before moving to Wellesley in 1981. She is the author of works including Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance to the Enlightenment (1980), and Higher Ground (2006). Among other awards, she received New York University's Woman of Distinction Award in 2012. | |
15 | Name: | Dr. Edwin D. Kilbourne | | Institution: | New York Medical College | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1920 | | Death Date: | February 21, 2011 | | | | | Edwin Dennis Kilbourne spent his professional lifetime in the study of infectious diseases, with particular reference to virus infections. His early studies of coxsackieviruses and herpes simplex preceded intensive study of influenza in all of its manifestations. His primary contributions have been to the understanding of influenza virus structure and genetics and the practical application of these studies to the development of influenza vaccines and to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of influenza. His studies of influenza virus genetics resulted in the first genetically engineered vaccine of any kind for the prevention of human disease. A new approach to influenza immunization has received 2 United States Patents. Following his graduation from Cornell University Medical College in 1944, and an internship and residency in medicine at the New York Hospital, he served two years in the Army of the United States. After three years at the Rockefeller Institute, he served successively as Associate Professor of Medicine at Tulane University, as Professor of Public Health at Cornell University Medical College, and as founding Chairman of the Department of Microbiology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, at which he was awarded the rank of Distinguished Service Professor. He was Emeritus Professor at New York Medical College. He was a member of the Association of American Physicians and the National Academy of Sciences and was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1994. He was the recipient of the Borden Award of the Association of American Medical Colleges for Outstanding Research in Medical Sciences and of an honorary degree from Rockefeller University in addition to other honors and lectureships. As an avocation, Dr. Kilbourne published light verse and essays and articles for the general public on various aspects of biological science. Edwin Kilbourne died on February 21, 2011, at the age of 90, in Madison, Connecticut. | |
16 | Name: | Dr. Walter Kohn | | Institution: | University of California, Santa Barbara | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1923 | | Death Date: | April 20, 2016 | | | | | Walter Kohn was Professor of Physics Emeritus and Research Professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara at the time of his death on April 20, 2016 at the age of 93. A condensed matter theorist, Dr. Kohn was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998 for his development of the density-functional theory. He made seminal contributions to the understanding of the electronic structure of materials and played a leading role in the development of the density functional theory, which has revolutionized scientists' approach to the electronic structure of atoms, molecules and solid materials in physics, chemistry and materials science. With the advent of supercomputers, density functional theory has become an essential tool for electronic materials science. Dr. Kohn also made major contributions to the physics of semiconductors, superconductivity, surface physics and catalysis. As the founding director of the National Science Foundation's Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, he helped transform the Institute into one of the leading research centers in physics. Prior to joining UCSB in 1979, Dr. Kohn taught at Harvard University (1948-50), the Carnegie Institute of Technology (1950-53), and the University of California, San Diego (1953-79). He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1948. Dr. Kohn was the recipient of numerous honors, including a Guggenheim fellowship (1963), the Oliver Buckley Prize (1960), the National Medal of Science (1988) and membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. | |
17 | Name: | Dr. Ira M. Lapidus | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | Subdivision: | 404b | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | A versatile scholar whose 1967 book revolutionized the study of Muslim cities, Ira Lapidus then generated a spate of follow-up investigations on the structure of medieval societies. In over 40 years of scholarship at the University of California, Berkeley, where he is Professor Emeritus of History, Dr. Lapidus has proved exceptionally well versed in the scholarship of both western and eastern medieval studies. The author of works such as the aforementioned Muslim Cities in the Later Middle Ages (1967) and A History of Islamic Societies (1988), Dr. Lapidus possesses an acute sense of how to express complex phenomena in simple terms. The longtime chair of Berkeley's Center for Middle Eastern Studies, he remains, through his scholarship and teaching, one of the most influential and creative interpreters of medieval Islam. | |
18 | Name: | Dr. R. Duncan Luce | | Institution: | University of California, Irvine | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | Subdivision: | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1925 | | Death Date: | August 11, 2012 | | | | | Trained as a mathematician (Ph.D. MIT, 1950) but transformed under the tutelage of many distinguished social and psychological scientists into a mathematical behavioral scientist, R. Duncan Luce worked on a variety of measurement issues. These include probabilistic models of choice and responses times, algebraic formulations that lead to measurement representations such as additive and non-additive conjoint measurement, the interlocks between measurement systems with applications to utility and subjective weights and to aspects of psychophysics. His publications include 8 authored or co-authored volumes, 14 edited or co-edited volumes, and over 220 journal articles. His honors include membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences; the National Medal of Science; the American Psychological Foundation Gold Medal; the UCI Medal; the Ramsey Medal; the Norman Anderson Award; an honorary doctorate from the University of Waterloo. At the time of his death he was serving as Distinguished Research Professor of Cognitive Sciences and Research Professor of Economics at the University of California, Irvine, where he had been since 1988. Previously he served on the faculties of Harvard University, the Institute for Advanced Study, and the University of Pennsylvania, all at the rank of professor or a name chair. At it's Spring Meeting in 2012, Dr. Luce was awarded the American Philosophical Society's Patrick Suppes Prize in Psychology "in recognition of his distinguished and prolific research and publications in decision-making and utility theory that have continued unabated from the 1950s to the present." R. Duncan Luce died on August 11, 2012, at age 87, in Irvine, California. | |
19 | Name: | Dr. Martin E. Marty | | Institution: | University of Chicago | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | Subdivision: | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | | | Martin E. Marty, born in Nebraska in 1928, holds two degrees in theology and a Ph.D. in American intellectual and religious history. He served ten years as a Lutheran parish minister and thirty-five years as a professor in the Divinity School, the (Humanities) Committee on the History of Culture, and the History Department from 1963-98. His specialty is American religious history, particularly in the national founding period, the late 18th century, and the 20th century, about which he wrote the three-volume Modern American Religion. Since 1998 he has also specialized in comparative studies of militant religious movements, fundamentalism and ethno-nationalisms, and he directed the Fundamentalism projects for the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, a project that resulted in a five-volume publication by the University of Chicago Press. Alongside his scholarly work, Dr. Marty has also been a journalist, identified since 1956 with the ecumenical The Christian Century and many other publications. He was also co-editor of Church History (1963-98), the journal of the American Society of Church History, of which he has been president. He was also president of the American Catholic Historical Association and the American Academy of Religion. He is the author of over fifty books, one of which, Righteous Empire, won the National Book Award. An elected member of the American Academy of Religion, he is also an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences. He was awarded the National Humanities Medal and over seventy honorary doctoral degrees. In 2017 he was honored by the Newberry Library with their Newberry Library Award. He lives in Riverside, IL with his wife, musician Harriet Marty, and the two enjoy nine grandchildren and three great grandchildren. | |
20 | Name: | Professor Chloe Anthony (Toni) Morrison | | Institution: | Princeton University | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1931 | | Death Date: | August 5, 2019 | | | | | Chloe A. "Toni" Morrison was a novelist who also served for over 17 years as Robert F. Goheen Professor in the Council of the Humanities at Princeton University. Her writing, for which she was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature, is known for its great emotional range, epic themes, subtlety, vivid dialogue and verbal power. After earning degrees from Howard University (B.A., 1953) and Cornell University (M.A., 1955), Ms. Morrison taught English at Howard and Texas Southern Universities and the State University of New York and worked as a textbook editor, during which time she played an instrumental role in bringing African-American literature into the mainstream.
In 1970 she published her first novel, The Bluest Eye, which she had written while teaching at Howard and raising two children. Sula, a novel about two black women friends, followed in 1973, and in 1977 Ms. Morrison published the family chronicle Song of Solomon, which won the National Critics Award and brought her to national attention. Subsequent books included 1981's Tar Baby, in which she expanded her exploration of issues of class, sexuality, racial identity and family dynamics, and 1987's Beloved, for which she was awarded the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Loosely based on the life and legal case of escaped slave Margaret Garner, Beloved was cited by The New York Times in 2006 as the best work of fiction of the past 25 years. Ms. Morrison's most recent works include Jazz (1992), Paradise (1999), Love (2003), A Mercy (2008), Little Cloud and Lady Wind (2010), Home (2012), God Help the Children (2015) and she has also published a series of children's books with her son Slade Morrison. Fellow APS member Cornel West has said that her writing "has a lyricism that reminds you of Tennessee Williams, a sense of drama that reminds you of Schiller, and a rhythm that reminds you of Sara Vaughan." A truly gifted writer whose lyrical prose delighted both literary critics and the general public, Toni Morrison opened the eyes of all readers to the incredible richness, variety and humor of African-American life.
Her awards include the 2009 Norman Mailer Writers Colony Award, the 2012 Medal of Freedom presented by President Obama, the National Book Critics Circle Arad Ivan Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award, the 2016 Edward MacDowell Medal, the 2016 Saul Bellow Award from the PEN American Center, the 2017 Emerson-Thoreau Medal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and the 2019 American Academy of Arts and Letters' Gold Medal for Fiction. She was awarded the American Philosophical Society's Thomas Jefferson Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences in 2018. The award was presented "in recognition of a distinguished lifetime of extraordinary contributions to American letters." Toni Morrison was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1994. She died August 5, 2019 in New York, New York at the age of 88. | |
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