Subdivision
| • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology | [X] |
| | 1 | Name: | Dr. Ragnar Granit | | | Institution: | Karolinska Institutet | | | Year Elected: | 1954 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1900 | | | Death Date: | 3/12/91 | | | | |
| 2 | Name: | Sir Alan L. Hodgkin | | | Year Elected: | 1967 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1914 | | | Death Date: | 12/20/98 | | | | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. Richard D. Keynes | | | Institution: | University of Cambridge | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1919 | | | Death Date: | June 12, 2010 | | | | | | |
Richard Darwin Keynes' scientific career has been devoted mainly to research on the physiology, biophysics, and molecular biology of nerve conduction. In 1951 he was invited to work in Rio de Janeiro, where he helped to show, for the first time, how the electric eel generates its additive discharge, and where he acquired a strong interest in South America. This interest would have important consequences for him. In 1968 a chance discovery in Buenos Aires of a collection of drawings made aboard the Beagle by artist Conrad Martens set him to work on the history of Charles Darwin's voyage with Captain Robert FitzRoy to South America and back around the world via the Galapagos Islands. This led Dr. Keynes first to write The Beagle Record, then to produce a new edition of Darwin's classical account of his travels entitled The Beagle Diary, and most recently to transcribe Charles Darwin's Zoology Notes & Specimen Lists from H.M.S. Beagle, which was published for the first time in 2000. Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Dr. Keynes was Professor Emeritus at the University of Cambridge. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1959 and to the American Philosophical Society in 1977. Dr. Keynes died on June 12, 2010, at the age of 90. | |
| 4 | Name: | Sir Aaron Klug | | | Institution: | Royal Society & University of Cambridge | | | Year Elected: | 1996 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | November 20, 2018 | | | | | | |
Sir Aaron Klug won the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of crystallographic electron microscopy. An extremely distinguished contributor to the field of virology, Dr. Klug pioneered the concept that structure provides the key to function. In the late 1950s he headed Birkbeck College's Virus Structure Research Group, making important discoveries in the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus. In 1962 Sir Aaron joined the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Cambridge University, and over the following decade he employed methods from X-ray diffraction, microscopy and structural modelling to develop crystallographic electron microscopy in which a sequence of two-dimensional images of crystals taken from different angles are combined to produce three-dimensional images of the target. He was named director of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1986, holding that post for 10 years before assuming the presidency of the Royal Society of London (1995-2000). Sir Aaron was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1969 and is also a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Royal College of Physicians. Among his numerous awards are the Heineken Prize (1979), the L.G. Horwitz Prize, and the Biochemical Society's Harden Medal (1985). Born in Lithuania and educated in South Africa, Sir Aaron earned his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1953. He was knighted in 1988. His later work was on the application for therapeutics and biotechnology of the zinc finger family of transcription factors which he discovered in 1985 and which he developed for intervention in gene expression. Promising results have been obtained in clinical trials for a number of diseases and for improving plant crops by gene modification or insertion. Aaron Klug died November 20, 2018 at the age of 92. | |
| 5 | Name: | Dr. Alexander von Muralt | | | Year Elected: | 1978 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1903 | | | Death Date: | 5/28/90 | | | | |
| 6 | Name: | Sir Andrew F. Huxley | | | Institution: | Trinity College, University of Cambridge | | | Year Elected: | 1975 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1917 | | | Death Date: | May 30, 2012 | | | | | | |
British physiologist and biophysicist Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley won the 1963 Nobel Prize for his work with Alan Lloyd Hodgkin on the basis of nerve action potentials, the electrical impulses that enable the activity of an organism to be coordinated by a central nervous system. The pair's findings led them to hypothesize the existence of ion channels, which was confirmed decades later. They were also among the earliest applicants of a technique of electrophysiology known as the voltage clamp. In addition, Sir Andrew contributed to sensory physiology and conducted important theoretical and experimental research on muscle contraction. Sir Andrew served as Jordell Professor and Head of the Department of Physiology at University College, London (1960-69); Royal Society Research Fellow (1969-83); President of the Royal Society (1980-85); and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. He was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1955, knighted in 1974 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1983. He was elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society in 1975. He died on May 30, 2012, at the age of 94 in Cambridge, England. | |
| 7 | Name: | Prof. John Z. Young | | | Year Elected: | 1973 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1907 | | | Death Date: | 7/4/97 | | | | |
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