American Philosophical Society
Member History

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406. Linguistics (13)
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408 (2)
501. Creative Artists (9)
502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions (8)
503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors (42)
504. Scholars in the Professions (1)
41Name:  Raymond C. F. Aron
 Year Elected:  1966
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1905
 Death Date:  10/17/83
   
42Name:  Svante A. Arrhenius
 Year Elected:  1911
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1859
   
43Name:  Charles Arthaud
 Year Elected:  1789
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
   
44Name:  Sir Michael Atiyah
 Institution:  University of Edinburgh
 Year Elected:  1991
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  104. Mathematics
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1929
 Death Date:  January 11, 2019
   
 
One of the greatest mathematicians of his times, Sir Michael Atiyah made fundamental contributions to many areas of mathematics, but especially to topology, geometry and analysis. From his first major contribution - topological K-theory - to his later work on quantum field theory, Sir Michael has been influential in the development of new theoretical tools and has supplied far-reaching insights. He was a notable collaborator, with his name linked with other oustanding mathematicians through their joint research. He was awarded a Fields Medal in 1966 and was President of the Royal Society and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. A superb lecturer, he possesses the ability to explain sophisticated mathematics in a simple geometric way. Formerly a professor at both Oxford and Cambridge Universities and the Institute for Advanced Study, he was an inspiring teacher who instructed an outstanding group of former students. Sir Michael Atiyah was the recipient of many honors and awards, including election as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1962, a knighthood in 1983 and the Order of Merit in 1992. He served as Chancellor of the University of Leicester from 1995-2005, as President of the Royal Society London from 1990-1995, as President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh from 2005-2008, and was later an Honorary Professor at Edinburgh University in Scotland. In 1993 he was awarded the American Philosophical Society's Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences. The citation read "in recognition of significant contributions to a remarkable range of mathematical topics, which established links between differential geometry, topology, and analysis; and creating useful mathematical tools for physicists." Sir Michael Atiyah died on January 11, 2019 at the age of 89.
 
45Name:  Frederick Augustus
 Year Elected:  1832
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
   
46Name:  George F.J.A. Auwers
 Year Elected:  1912
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1838
   
47Name:  Franz Babinger
 Year Elected:  1964
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1891
 Death Date:  6/23/67
   
48Name:  The Honorable Robert Badinter
 Institution:  Paris University I, Pantheon Sorbonne; French Council
 Year Elected:  2009
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1928
   
 
Robert Badinter is the President of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, a Senator in the Senate of France, and a Professor of Law Emeritus at the Paris University I, Panthéon Sorbonne. He has served as the President of the Arbitration Commission for the Former Yugoslavia, a member of the Brussels Convention for the European Constitution, and a member of the United Nations High Level Panel. Robert Badinter has dedicated his long career to a more human justice and fundamental freedoms. As Minister of Justice, he was the author of the bill of abolition of the death penalty in France in 1981. He has been active in the creation of the international tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in the Hague and the International Criminal Court. He is the author of many books, including: The Execution, 1973; Libertés, Libertés, 1975; (with E. Badinter) Condorcet: An Intellectual in Politics, 1988; Free and Equals: The Emancipation of the Jews (1789-1791), 1989; Another Justice, 1990; The Penitentiary System of the Republic, 1992; The Republican Prison (1873-1914), 1993; Ordinary Antisemitism: Vichy and the Jewish Lawyers, 1997; The Abolition, 2000; A European Constitution, 2002; The Greatest Good, 2004; Against Death Penalty, 2006. He was inducted into the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2006.
 
49Name:  Adolf von Baeyer
 Year Elected:  1910
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
   
50Name:  Adolf von Baeyer
 Year Elected:  1910
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1935
   
51Name:  Dr. John Baines
 Institution:  University of Oxford
 Year Elected:  2011
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  403. Cultural Anthropology
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1946
   
 
John Baines is the foremost actively engaged authority on Ancient Egypt of our time. He received his D.Phil. from the University of Oxford in 1976. His versatile scholarship is unique in its scope, covering all aspects of Egyptology, from archaeology to epigraphy and writing, from prehistory to the latest phases of the civilization. He has conducted archeological excavations, written on conceptions of color, on the origins of writing, on history, concepts of ethnicity, on historiography, literature, as well as on notions of kingship, to mention only some of his interests. His work is characterized by a vigorous engagement with other disciplines, including art history, anthropology, sociology, or the comparative study of writing systems; he has perfected an interdisciplinary approach to the study of an ancient civilization that has created a new model for the analysis of ancient societies and brought his field into dialogues with other fields of knowledge. His work is often comparative in scope, but is always grounded in deep study and analysis of the ancient sources. At the same time he has been active in communicating knowledge outside of the academy; his Atlas of Ancient Egypt, translated into at least ten languages, has provided knowledge about this ancient civilization to students and lay persons throughout the globe. Additionally, he has published: Fecundity Figures: Egyptian Personification and the Iconology of a Genre, 1985; Die Bedeutung des Reisens im alten Ägypten, 2002; Visual and Written Culture in Ancient Egypt, 2007; and High Culture and Experience in Ancient Egypt, 2011. He is a member of the Royal Anthropological Institute and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2011.
 
52Name:  William Baker
 Year Elected:  1787
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1744
   
53Name:  Dr. Georges Balandier
 Institution:  Universite Rene Descartes & l' Ecole des Hautes
 Year Elected:  1976
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1920
 Death Date:  October 5, 2016
   
 
A comparative anthropologist in the great French tradition, Georges Balandier was born in France in 1920. He completed his doctoral studies at the Sorbonne in 1946, became a professor of sociology there in 1962. Through UNESCO and similar agencies, he was a leading international figure in comparative structural studies. The author of important works such as Sociologie Actuelle de l'Afrique Noire and Sens et Puissance, Dr. Balandier was the recipient of the Chevalier des Palmes Academiques and the Medaille du Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, among other awards. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1976. He died October 5, 2016, at age 95 in Paris, France.
 
54Name:  Conte Prospero Balbo
 Year Elected:  1831
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
   
55Name:  Dr. Kurt Baldinger
 Institution:  University of Heidelberg
 Year Elected:  1976
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  406. Linguistics
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1919
 Death Date:  unknown
   
 
Born in Switzerland in 1919, Kurt Baldinger is an educator and linguist who, as a professor of Romance philology, has been associated with the University of Heidelberg (Ruprecht-Karl Universität) since 1957. He was a professor in Berlin from 1948-56 and served as director of the Institut für romanische Sprachwissenschaft of the Berlin Academy of Sciences from 1949-56. He is a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Heidelberg, the Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften and the Société de Linguistique romane, among others. The author of a number of books, from Kollektivsuffixe und Kollektivebegriff (1950) to Teoria semántica: hacia una semántica moderna (1970), Dr. Baldinger also founded and edited the Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français and served as editor-in-chief of the Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch.
 
56Name:  Arthur J. Balfour
 Year Elected:  1917
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
   
57Name:  Sir Robert S. Ball
 Year Elected:  1897
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
   
58Name:  Sir Joseph Banks
 Year Elected:  1787
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1743
   
59Name:  Edouard Seve de Bar
 Year Elected:  1882
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
   
60Name:  Marquis de Francois Barbe-Marbois
 Year Elected:  1780
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1/31/1745
 Death Date:  1/14/1837
   
 
François, marquis de Barbé-Marbois (31 January 1745–14 January 1837) was a French statesman, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1780. Born in Metz, France, he began his diplomatic career working with American colonists. He then became an intendant of Santo Domingo in 1785 and, returning to France, served as deputy of the Council of Ancients a decade later. Not long after, his monarchist leanings forced him into exile in French Guiana. In 1800 Barbé-Marbois was able to return to France and, shortly after, became Minister of the Treasury. Three years later he successfully negotiated the Louisiana Purchase with the United States, selling the territory of Louisiana for a much better price than initially expected. Still, in 1806 Napoleon dismissed Barbé-Marbois after his role in the 1805 financial crisis surfaced. Nevertheless, he received an appointment as First President of the Cour des Comptes, an administrative court which handled the country’s public accounts. In 1813 he was made a senator and then a count. Upon Napoleon’s imminent demise, he switched allegiances and joined up with the Bourbons. This move proved lucrative for Barbé-Marbois: he became a Peer of France (1814), a Minister of Justice (1815-1816), and once again President of the Cour des Comptes (1816-1834). When the Bourbons were ousted he once again strategically switched alliances, aligning himself with the July Monarchy in 1834. He died three years later in Paris. (EB)
 
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