APS Member History

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41	Name:	Lieutenant General William E. Odom
	Institution:	Hudson Institute; Yale University
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1932
	Death Date:	May 30, 2008

42	Name:	Dr. Baldomero M. Olivera
	Institution:	University of Utah
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Baldomero (Toto) Olivera was born in Manila, studied chemistry at the University of the Philippines, and received his Ph.D. from Caltech in 1966 working with Norman Davidson on the Biophysical Chemistry of DNA. As a post-doctoral fellow at Stanford University with I. R. Lehman, Olivera discovered and characterized E. coli DNA ligase, a key enzyme of replication and recombinant DNA technology. He returned to the Philippines in 1969, where he began to investigate pharmacologically-active peptides ("conotoxins") from the venoms of the predatory cone snails (Conus). Due to the unsettled political situation, he left the Philippines for the University of Utah in 1972 where he is now Distinguished Professor of Biology. There are ~100,000 different conotoxins; these have proven to be important tools for understanding ion channel and receptor function in nervous systems. Several conotoxins discovered in Olivera's lab have therapeutic applications, particularly for alleviating pain; one is an approved drug. Olivera's studies on cone snails have led to his present focus on the molecular and chemical basis of biodiversity.

43	Name:	Dr. Jack Rakove
	Institution:	Stanford University
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1947

	Jack Rakove is the Coe Professor of History and American Studies and a professor of politial science at Stanford University. Long a leading authority on American constitutional, political, and legal history, he is the author of more than sixty scholarly articles critically analyzing issues from the Revolution to the early years of the Republic. Central to his work has been the analysis of the constitutional concept of "original intent." His books on the subject have won several prizes, including the Pulitzer Prize in History in 1997. He is also the author of an interpretive history of the Continental Congress and the American Library's edition of James Madison's writings. In line with his commitment to the public value of such scholarly issues, aside from his vigorous classroom teaching, he has, over the course of twenty years, also published scores of articles on constitutional and legal issues in major newspapers around the nation. His book The Annotated U.S. Constitution and Declaration of Independence is intended to continue his legacy of making constitutional issues available to the lay public, and his 2010 book Revolutionaries takes a look at the individual transformations made by both the well-known and the less well-known founders of America.

44	Name:	Dr. James H. Simons
	Institution:	Euclidean LLC
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1938

	James Simons has been very successful at two different endeavors: research mathematics and investing. During his career as a mathematician, James Simons was a leading differential geometer. He recast the subject of area of minimizing surfaces. A consequence of this was the settling of two classical questions, the Bernstein Conjecture and the Plateau Problem. Jointly with S.S. Chern, he discovered certain measurements now called the Chern-Simons Invariants, which have found wide use, particularly in theoretical physics. In 1978, Simons turned his attention to investments. He founded Renaissance Technologies Corporation, a private investment firm dedicated to the use of mathematical methods, which is staffed by Ph.D. mathematicians and physicists. Renaissance is one of the most successful fund management firms in history. He also manages the Simons Foundation, a private charitable organization devoted to scientific research with over $200 million in assets. He was elected to life membership in the MIT Corporation in July of 2010, and to membership in the National Academy of Sciences in 2014. In 2013 he received the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy.

45	Name:	Professor Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1942

	Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is University Professor at Columbia University. A founder of postcolonialism, an important subdiscipline in literary and cultural studies, she translated Jacques Derrida's Of Grammatology, which introduced Derrida to the English speaking world. Her early essay, "Can the Subaltern Speak?" has had world-wide influence, as have her other books and essays. She has been visiting professor, or held fellowships, or has given lectures all over the world. Her books and essays have been translated into many languages. A distinguished scholar in an adjacent field has said of Professor Spivak that "her influence on Third World feminism, Continental feminist theory, Marxist theory, subaltern studies and the philosophy of alterity is unparalleled by any living scholar; she has changed the academic terrain of each of these fields by her acute and brilliant contributions; her critical interrogation of the political status quo in its global dimensions has reached tens of thousands of activists and scholars." She was awarded the 2012 Kyoto Prize of the Inamori Foundation for Arts and Philosophy (Thought and Ethics), the 2013 Padma Bhushan from the Government of India, and the 2017 Lifetime Scholarly Achievement from the Modern Language Association of America.

46	Name:	Professor Peter Stallybrass
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	408
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1949

	Peter Stallybrass is Walter H. and Leonore C. Annenberg Professor in the Humanities and Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania. For the last thirteen years, he has directed the seminar on the History of Material Texts, and he co-edits the Material Texts series for the University of Pennsylvania Press. While training as a mortician in England after leaving school, he started to read obsessively the novels of Dostoevsky and, with the mistaken impression that one would have more time to read at university, applied to the University of Sussex. Peter was an undergraduate, a graduate, and finally a lecturer at Sussex, where he directed the graduate program in Renaissance Studies and the faculty/graduate seminar in Critical Theory. In 1984, he was a co-founder of the Popular Literature Group at the Centre for Social History in Oxford, organizing conferences on Romance and on Detective Fiction. In 1978, he visited the United States for the first time to teach for a year at Smith College, where he met his wife, Ann Rosalind Jones, Esther Cloudman Dunn Professor of Comparative Literature. After eight years of commuting across the Atlantic, he moved to Dartmouth College in 1986 and, in 1988, to the University of Pennsylvania, with visiting positions at King's College, University of London, and at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris. He has received fellowships from the American Council for Learned Societies, the Society for the Humanities at Cornell University, and the Guggenheim Foundation, and he has been the Mellon Fellow at the Folger Shakespeare Library and the Moses Aaron Dropsie Fellow at the Center for Advanced Judaic Studies,. He has also served as Samuel Wannamaker Fellow at the Globe Theatre in London. In 1999, he was chair of the English Institute at Harvard University, and he has been a Trustee of the Institute since 2002. At Penn, he has been awarded both the Ira Abrams Award and the Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching. Most of Peter's early work was on literary and cultural theory, and he published The Politics and Poetics of Transgression, co-written with Allon White, in 1986. His continuing interest in this field has led to a book on Marx, materiality, and memory, published in Brazil in 1999 under the title O Casaco de Marx: Roupas, Memória, Dor. His interest in material culture took a new turn after the death of Allon White and the particular problems of disposing of his friend's clothes. As a memorial lecture for Allon, he wrote "Worn Worlds: Clothes, Mourning, and the Life of Things," which led him to a collaboration with Ann Rosalind Jones on Renaissance Clothing and the Materials of Memory, published by Cambridge University Press and awarded the James Russell Lowell prize by the MLA in 2001. In 1994, Peter founded the seminar on the History of Material Texts at the University of Pennsylvania, which has been meeting weekly ever since, and has brought together academics, librarians, writers, artists, and anyone interested in books and other cultural technologies. Peter's interest in the history of books began after reading Magreta de Grazia's Shakespeare Verbatim, and, drawing upon many of the ideas in her book, he wrote with her The Materiality of the Shakespearean Text (Shakespeare Quarterly 1993). He also began to teach a graduate class that met in and drew upon the wealth of Philadelphia's libraries, including the Library Company of Philadelphia, the Rosenbach Library, and the Free Library, in addition to the University's libraries. Since Roger Chartier was appointed to the History Department at Penn in 2000, he and Peter have been teaching an undergraduate seminar on Reading, Writing, and Printing. Teaching Hamlet, they discovered the material basis of Hamlet's erasable "tables of the mind" in the Folger Shakespeare Library and, together with Frank Mowery (the Folger's Head of Conservation) and Heather Wolfe (the Folger's Curator of Manuscripts), wrote "Hamlet's Tables and the Technologies of Writing in Renaissance England" (Shakespeare Quarterly 2004). Peter's work at the Library Company of Philadelphia led him to collaborate with Jim Green, the Librarian, to curate exhibitions on Material Texts and on Benjamin Franklin (for which Jim and he wrote Benjamin Franklin, Writer and Printer, co-published by Oak Knoll, the Library Company and the British Library in 2006). In 2006, he also co-curated with Heather Wolfe and Michael Mendle an exhibition on Technologies of Writing at the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C. The same year, Peter gave the A. S. W. Rosenbach Lectures in Bibliography at the University of Pennsylvania on Printing for Manuscript, which will be published in 2008.

47	Name:	Dr. Frank H. Stewart
	Institution:	The Hebrew University
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	407. Philosophy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1942

	By discipline an anthropologist, Frank Stewart is a creative and rigorous thinker in Middle Eastern studies. He was Professor of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies at the Hebrew University 1994 to 2009. Stewart's two volumes of texts on Sinai Bedouin law are the first installments of an exceptionally deep study of a customary (non-Shari'a) legal system that is unlikely to last much longer, and they are also a significant contribution to Arabic linguistics. No other researcher has been able to study a legal system based on unwritten law in such depth. In addition to his core work on the Middle East, he has also written on the historical anthropology of North American Indians, on age-group systems across the world (also of interest to some economists), and on the concept of honor (also of interest to philosophers - the book was reviewed in Mind). The article on Schuld and Haftung is a contribution to comparative law published in the leading journal of German legal history.

48	Name:	Dr. Rashid Alievich Sunyaev
	Institution:	Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Germany; Russian Space Research Institute
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1943

	Rashid Alievich Sunyaev is director of the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and chief scientist of the Russian Academy of Sciences's Space Research Institute. Hailing from the former Asian Soviet Republic of Uzbekistan, he became one of the most important and prolific members of the Moscow group that pioneered relativistic astrophysics. Together with its leader Yakov Zel'dovich, he studied the relic radiation from the Big Bang, formulating the so-called Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, which has led to early tests of cosmological models that are still valid and which have provided impetus to one of the most active areas of observational cosmology. Through continuing collaborations around the globe, Sunyaev has served as a particularly effective scientific bridge between East and West. In 2010, he was appointed to a three year term as the Maureen and John Hendricks Visiting Professor in the School of Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study. In addition to the 2008 Crafoord prize, he has received a range of awards including the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1995), the Gruber Cosmology Prize (2003), the Heineman Prize in Astrophysics (2003), the King Faisal International Prize for Science (2009), the Kyoto Prize in Basic Sciences (2011), and the Franklin Medal from the Franklin Institute (2012). He is a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society of London, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the German Academy of Natural Sciences Leopoldina, and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. He was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2007.

49	Name:	The Honorable David S. Tatel
	Institution:	United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1943

	Judge David S. Tatel was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by President Bill Clinton in October 1994. He 2022 he became Senior United States Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Judge Tatel earned an undergraduate degree from the University of Michigan and a J.D. from the University of Chicago. Following law school, he was an instructor at the University of Michigan Law School and then joined Sidley & Austin in Chicago. Since then, he has served as founding Director of the Chicago Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Director of the National Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, and Director of the Office for Civil Rights of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare during the Carter Administration. Returning to private practice in 1979, Judge Tatel joined Hogan & Hartson, where he founded and headed the firm’s education practice until his appointment to the D.C. Circuit. While on sabbatical from Hogan & Hartson, Judge Tatel spent a year as a lecturer at Stanford Law School. Judge Tatel has served on many non-profit boards, including The Spencer Foundation, which he chaired from 1990 to 1997. He currently chairs the Board of The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Judge Tatel is a member of the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Education, and the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee on Science, Technology and Law. Judge Tatel and his wife, Edith, have four children and six grandchildren.

50	Name:	Dr. Karen K. Uhlenbeck
	Institution:	University of Texas, Austin
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1942

	Many objects in mathematics and physics are described by nonlinear partial differential equations. The solutions to these equations often undergo a qualitative change, sometimes called ""bubbling off"" or ""blowing up"". Before Karen Uhlenbeck, no one knew how to treat this phenomenon rigorously. Then, in a series of papers, some of which were joint with Sacks, Uhlenbeck discovered how to predict these qualitative changes from the partial differential equation. In the intervening 25 years, Uhlenbeck's work has had a very large impact in mathematics and mathematical physics. The second woman ever (after Emmy Noether in 1932) to give a plenary address at the International Congress of Mathematicians, Uhlenbeck has done many things to further the education of women in mathematics, including the creation of the Program for Women and Mathematics run by the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University. In 2019 she became the first woman awarded the Abel Prize for Mathematics by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Karen Uhlenbeck has been Professor and Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents Chair in Mathematics at the University of Texas, Austin, where she has taught since 1987. Since 2014 she has been Visitor at the Institute for Advanced Studies. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2007.

51	Name:	Dr. William A. Wulf
	Institution:	University of Virginia
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	107
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1939
	Death Date:	March 10, 2023

	William Wulf was president of the National Academy of Engineering for the past eleven years. He recently returned to the University of Virginia - where he earned his Ph.D. in 1968 - as University Professor and AT&T Professor of Engineering. Previously Wulf spent thirteen years on the faculty of Carnegie Mellon University and six years as chairman and chief executive officer of Tartan Laboratories, Inc. A former assistant director of the National Science Foundation, he has served on the University of Virginia faculty since 1988. For the 2008-09 academic year he is also serving as a Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar. Through his technical innovations, publications, and national science policy leadership, William Wulf has had a profound impact on the science and practice of computing and engineering. His technical work revolved around the hardware/software interface that spans programming systems and computer architectures. His specific technical impacts include Bliss, a systems implementation language adopted by the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC); architecture (with others) of the DEC PDP-11, a highly successful minicomputer; a new approach to computer security; and the development of a technology for constructing high quality optimizing compilers. In addition to his many technical books and papers, he has initiated national dialogues on topics such as the state of higher education, "Engineering Ethics and Society," and "Some Thoughts on Engineering as a Humanistic Discipline." As head of the National Academy of Engineering, he has advanced and articulated the role of engineering in serving society and improving people's lives. Wulf's many honors include the University of Pennsylvania's Distinguished Service Medal; the Kenneth Andrew Roe Award; and the Ralph Coats Roe Award of the ASME. He became a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1993 and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1995. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2007.

52	Name:	Dr. Viviana Zelizer
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1946

	Viviana A. Zelizer, Lloyd Cotsen '50 Professor of Sociology at Princeton University, analyzes the interplay of economic activity and social practices with special reference to American experience from the 19th century onward. She is the author of books on life insurance, the value of children, and the social meaning of money. Her most recent book, The Purchase of Intimacy (Princeton University Press, 2005) deals with the integration of a variety of economic circumstances and intimate personal ties, both in everyday practice and in the law. It includes the formation of couples, the provision of personal care, and social relations within households.

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