Subdivision
• | 101. Astronomy |
(3)
| • | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry |
(1)
| • | 103. Engineering |
(1)
| • | 104. Mathematics |
(1)
| • | 106. Physics |
(1)
| • | 107 |
(1)
| • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(5)
| • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(1)
| • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(1)
| • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(2)
| • | 209. Neurobiology |
(1)
| • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(1)
| • | 302. Economics |
(2)
| • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(3)
| • | 402b |
(1)
| • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(1)
| • | 404a |
(1)
| • | 404b |
(1)
| • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(2)
| • | 406. Linguistics |
(1)
| • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions |
(2)
| • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(5)
|
| 21 | Name: | Dr. Judith P. Klinman | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | | | Judith Klinman has made significant contributions to our understanding of enzyme function, including two fundamental discoveries, rare events in the field of enzymology: a new redox cofactor in eukaryotes and the unanticipated demonstration of hydrogen tunneling in enzymatic reactions. The latter provides an experimental link to the role of protein motions in catalysis. In addition, she has been a leader in utilizing isotope effects to probe enzymatic reaction mechanisms and has also begun to unravel the mechanism of copper dependent biological redox reactions. Her approach amply demonstrates the rewards of applying the principles and tools of physical organic chemistry to biological sciences. Dr. Klinman has worked at the Institute of Cancer Research (1972-78) and the University of Pennsylvania (1974-78); since 1982 she has been professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, where she also chaired the department of chemistry (2000-03) and serves as professor of molecular and cell biology. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the National Academy of Sciences; the American Chemical Society; the Protein Society; the Biophysics Society; and the American Society of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (president, 1998). In 2014 she was awarded the National Medal of Science. | |
22 | Name: | Dr. Burton G. Malkiel | | Institution: | Princeton University | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1932 | | | | | Burton Malkiel is one of the world's leading academic analysts of the financing of private firms and public enterprise. His research has provided new insights, new analytic methods and important applications for theory and practice. He is sought after in academia, government and private business. In addition, he has wide ranging interests in the arts, in genealogy and in a variety of other fields. Dr. Malkiel earned his M.B.A. from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration in 1955 and his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1964. He taught at Princeton from 1964-81, chairing the economics department from 1974-75 and 1977-81, before moving to Yale University to become dean of the Yale School of Organization and Management and William S. Beinecke Professor of Management Studies. In 1988 Dr. Malkiel returned to Princeton as Chemical Bank Chairman's Professor of Economics. | |
23 | Name: | Dr. James G. March | | Institution: | Stanford University | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | Subdivision: | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1928 | | Death Date: | September 27, 2018 | | | | | James March is correctly regarded as the inventor and developer, with Herbert Simon, of the entire field of organizational research. His work is quintessentially interdisciplinary as demonstrated by his contributions to leading academic journals in sociology, psychology, political science, and economics. His works on organizations and decision making have shaped thinking about rationality, learning, and change in business firms, universities, and public organizations. His contributions to contemporary thinking include ideas about bounded rationality, the political nature of business firms, organizational slack and search, limitations in the concept of power, temporal sorting (garbage can) models of choice, the problems of balancing exploitation and exploration in adaptive systems, the myopia of learning and the symbolic elements in organizational life. | |
24 | Name: | Dr. Barry Mazur | | Institution: | Harvard University | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | Barry Mazur is one of the most distinguished mathematicians in America. In 1959 he astonished the mathematical world by introducing the "method of infinite repetition" to prove an appropriate version of the Schoenflies embedding theorem for spheres and other theorems about manifolds. For this work in topology he was awarded (jointly with M. W. Brown) the Veblen Prize of the American Mathematical Society in 1966. Thereafter he switched his attention to algebraic number theory, and in that field he won the Cole Prize in 1982. His work in number theory played a prominent role in the developments leading up to the solution of the Fermat problem a few years ago. He is recognized as a leading expositor in the field of number theory and is also deeply interested in philosophy and the history of mathematics. Dr. Mazur has been affiliated with Harvard University since 1959 and has held the title of Gerhard Gade University Professor since 1999. He won the National Medal of Science in 2012. | |
25 | Name: | Mr. Philippe de Montebello | | Institution: | New York University & Metropolitan Museum of Art | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | | | Philippe de Montebello directed the Metropolitan Museum of Art - the largest and most comprehensive art museum in the Western Hemisphere - for 31 years. In January 2008 he announced that he would retire at the end of the year and assume a professorship at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts. As the first Fiske Kimball Professor in the History and Culture of Museums, he will teach while also advising the university on its plan for a new overseas campus in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Mr. de Montebello attended French schools before graduating from Harvard University in 1958 with a B.A. degree in the history of art. After serving as a Woodrow Wilson Fellow, he received an advanced degree from New York University's Institute of Fine Arts. With the exception of four and one half years spent as the Director of the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, his career evolved at the Metropolitan Museum. Under Mr. de Montebello's leadership, the Museum has nearly doubled in size and is today the world's most encyclopedic art museum. Its permanent collections - housed in 17 curatorial departments - embrace some two million works of art spanning 5,000 years of world culture, from prehistory to the present. During Mr. de Montebello's tenure, the Metropolitan has focused much of its resources on reinstalling, conserving, and publishing its permanent collection, while also pursuing an active acquisition program through purchase. And, to the five million people who visit the Museum each year, it is his familiar voice that guides visitors in special exhibitions and installations through the audio guides that he has narrated throughout his tenure as Director. Mr. de Montebello has been awarded several honors, including Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur in 1991, the 2002 Blérancourt Prize for his contributions to the cultural bond between France and America, and was one of eight 2009 National Humanities Medalists. Mr. de Montebello was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2001. In 2014 he collaborated with Marting Gayford to write Rendez-vous with Art. | |
26 | Name: | Dr. Marshall Nirenberg | | Institution: | National Institutes of Health | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1927 | | Death Date: | January 15, 2010 | | | | | Marshall Nirenberg received a Ph.D. at the University of Michigan in 1957. He began his career with the National Institutes of Health in 1957 as a postdoctoral fellow, and joined the staff in 1960. He has been a research biochemist and chief of the Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, at the National Institutes of Health since 1962. Marshall Nirenberg and his coworkers deciphered the genetic code. First, they determined the base compositions of RNA codons by directing cell free protein synthesis with randomly-ordered synthetic polyribonucleotides; then, they determined the nucleotide sequences of RNA codons by directing the binding of aminoacyl-t RNA to ribosomes with trinucleotides of known sequence. They also showed that single-stranded RNA, but not double- or triple-stranded RNA, is a template for protein synthesis. Dr. Nirenberg and his colleagues discovered and characterized Drosophila and mouse homeobox genes. He has focused on one of the Drosophila homeobox genes, vnd-NK-2, which initiates the neural pathway of development in the ventral portion of the neuroectoderm and gives rise to part of the ventral nerve cord. Current studies focus on determining how a pattern of neuroblasts that express the vnd-NK-2 gene is formed in the central nervous system. Dr. Nirenberg, with Robert Holley and Har Khorana, received the Nobel Prize in 1968 for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis. He is also the recipient of the Molecular Biology Award of the National Academy of Sciences in 1962, the National Medal of Science, Hildebrand Award of the American Chemical Society, Gairdner Foundation Award, Prix Charles Leopold Meyer of the French Academy of Sciences, Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute, Albert Lasker Award, Priestly Award, and the Louisa Gross Horowitz Prize. Dr. Nirenberg is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, and Leopoldina Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001. | |
27 | Name: | Dr. George A. Olah | | Institution: | University of Southern California | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1927 | | Death Date: | March 8, 2017 | | | | | George Olah was born (1927) and educated in Budapest, Hungary. He moved to America in 1957. In 1977 he became director of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Distinguished Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Southern California. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, and a Foreign or Honorary Member of other Academies such as the Royal Society of London, the Royal Society of Canada, the Italian National Academy Lincei, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the European Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Indian Academy of Sciences. He received honorary doctoral degrees from several universities, including the University of Durham (England), the University of Munich, the Technical University of Budapest, the University of Crete, the University of Szeged and Veszprem (Hungary), the University of Southern California, Case Western Reserve University, New York State University, and the University of Montpellier (France). His contributions to superacid/carbocation chemistry and electrophilic chemistry of saturated hydrocarbons were singularly recognized with the 1994 undivided Nobel Prize in chemistry. Apart from the Nobel Prize, Olah's work was recognized with many honors and awards. He was the winner of the American Chemical Society's Award for Petroleum Chemistry, Creativity in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, the Roger Adams Medal, the Arthur C. Cope Award, and the Priestley Medal. He had published some 1,250 scientific papers, held 120 patents and authored or co-authored 20 books. George Olah died March 8, 2017, at age 89 in Beverly Hills, California. | |
28 | Name: | Dr. Arthur B. Pardee | | Institution: | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1921 | | Death Date: | February 24, 2019 | | | | | Arthur Beck Pardee received his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1947. He was an assistant and associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley from 1949-61 and professor of biochemical sciences and Donner Professor of Science at Princeton University from 1961-75. He was a senior postdoctoral fellow at the Pasteur Institute, France from 1957-58 and an American Cancer Society Scholar at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory, London, from 1972-73. In 1975 he moved to Cambridge to serve as Professor of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at Harvard Medical School and Chief of the Division of Cell Growth and Regulation at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute. From 1997 on he was professor emeritus at Harvard.
Arthur Pardee's early work was in bacterial biochemistry. His studies on growth regulation led to discoveries of repression of gene transcription, feedback inhibition, and allosteric regulation. He next turned to cancer and identified the restriction point, a major regulatory checkpoint that must be bypassed before cells can initiate DNA synthesis. He demonstrated that an unstable protein must be synthesized for a cell to enter S phase, a process defective in cancer cells. He identified cyclin E as the potential restriction point protein, and factor in growth control at the G1/S boundary. An important technical contribution was the development of "differential display," a method that identifies differences in gene expression in various cells and tissues. Dr. Pardee was a recipient of the Paul Lewis Award of the American Chemical Society, the Sir H. A. Krebs Medal, the Rosensteil Medal, the FASEB 3B Award, the CIT Award, the Boehringer-Mannheim Bioanalytica Award, and the Outstanding Alumnus Award of the California Institute of Technology. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Japanese Biochemical Society, the American Society of Biological Chemists (president, 1980), and the American Association for Cancer Research (president, 1985). He was member of the Cancer Institute Scientific Committee and served on the scientific board of the Worcester Foundation. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001. Arthur Pardee died February 24, 2019 at the age of 97. | |
29 | Name: | Dr. Eugene F. Rice | | Institution: | Columbia University | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | Subdivision: | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1924 | | Death Date: | August 4, 2008 | | | | | Eugene F. Rice, Jr. received a Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1953. He was a professor at Cornell University for nine years before moving to Columbia University in 1964. He has been the William R. Shepherd Professor of History Emeritus at Columbia University since 1995. Dr. Rice has been a major force in the study of Renaissance history for 45 years. His first book, The Renaissance Idea of Wisdom (1958), established his reputation for rigorous research and imaginative writing. His massive edition of the Latin Prefatory Epistles of Jacques Lefèvre d'Etaples and Related Texts (1972) is a wonderful work of technical scholarship with the broadest implications for the study of humanism and cultural history. And his prize-winning St. Jerome in the Renaissance (1985) is a subtle study of the intersections of theology, hagiography, and imagery in the visual arts. A winner of Columbia's "Great Teacher's Award," he is as excellent a teacher as he is a scholar. He served as the Executive Director of the Renaissance Society of America for 20 years and was chairman of both Columbia's History Department and its Society of Fellows. His recent work includes a comprehensive study of "Western Homosexualities," from the Greeks to the present. Broad in his intellectual interests, especially in music and art, he is energetic, vivacious, and sociable. Honors Dr. Rice has received include the Philip Schaff Prize of the American Society of Church History, the John Gilmary Shea Prize of the American Catholic Association, the Prize in History from the American Academy of Religion, and a Festschrift in his honor in 1991. Dr. Rice was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001. | |
30 | Name: | Dr. Robert Coleman Richardson | | Institution: | Cornell University | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1937 | | Death Date: | February 19, 2013 | | | | | Robert Richardson served as the F. R. Newman Professor of Physics and Vice Provost for Research at Cornell University. One of the leading experts in the world on ultra low temperature phenomena, he is a co-discoverer of the superfluidity of He-3 at 2.6 mK, a discovery recognized by a Nobel Prize in 1996. This discovery led to an enormous flowering of both experimental and theoretical activity, in which Dr. Richardson remained a major participant for many years (at first, in the study of novel collective modes with ultrasound). He become a public-spirited spokesman for physics in general. He served with the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, on many government committees and on the board of the National Science Foundation. Dr. Richardson died February 19, 2013, at age 75 in Ithaca, New York. | |
31 | Name: | Dr. Seymour I. Schwartz | | Institution: | University of Rochester | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1928 | | Death Date: | August 28, 2020 | | | | | Seymour I. Schwartz was the Distinguished Alumni Professor of Surgery at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and was Chair of the Department of Surgery from 1987-1998. He received his medical training from New York University. Dr. Schwartz has authored or edited several surgical textbooks, including seven editions of the most widely read Principles of Surgery, and is Editor Emeritus of the Journal of the American College of Surgeons. His many contributions were recognized in 1992 when he was awarded the Albert Kaiser Medal. Dr. Schwartz is also a cartographic historian and has authored Mapping of America 1980), The French and Indian War (1995), An Englishman\'s Journey Along American\'s Eastern Waterway\'s (2000), This Land is Your Land: The Geographic Evolution of the United States (2000), Putting \"America\" on the Map (2007) and Gifted Hands (2009). He was on the Board of the National Museum of American History of the Smithsonian Institution and the Phillips Society of the Library of Congress. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001. Seymour Schwartz died on August 28, 2020 at his son's home in St. Louis, Missouri. | |
32 | Name: | Dr. James J. Sheehan | | Institution: | Stanford University | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | James Sheehan is a most distinguished historian of modern Europe. His German History, 1770-1866 is a classic and, like all his works, hailed in this country and in Europe. His work has exceptional depth and breadth, and he understands the futility of compartmentalization. His felicitous style reflects the fact that he is a humanist at heart. He has steadily expanded his vision, and his most recent work on German museums reflects his deep concern with the world of art and architecture. He is an outstanding scholar and mentor, an admired academic citizen, a man of utter integrity and fair mindedness. A graduate of the University of California, Berkeley (Ph.D., 1964), Dr. Sheehan has taught at Northwestern University (1964-79) and Stanford University (1979-present), where he has served as Dickason Professor in the Humanities since 1986. He is the former chairman of Stanford's history department (1982-85, 1986-89) and has been honored with membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Royal Historical Society and the Orden pour le Mérite. Dr. Sheehan's many publications include German Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century (1978, 1982, 1995); The Career of Lujo Brentano: A Study of Liberalism and Social Reform in Imperial Germany (1966); German History, 1770-1866 (1993); and Where Have All the Soldiers Gone? The Transformation of Modern Europe (2008). He is also the co-editor of An Interrupted Past: German-Speaking Refugee Historians in the United States after 1933 (1991). | |
33 | Name: | Dr. Hugo Freund Sonnenschein | | Institution: | University of Chicago | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1940 | | Death Date: | July 15, 2021 | | | | | Hugo Sonnenschein was the Adam Smith Distinguished Service Professor and President Emeritus of the University of Chicago. He served as president of the university from 1993-2000. Previously he was provost of Princeton University (1991-93) and dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania (1988-91). Professor Sonnenschein's research has focused on theories of consumer and firm behavior, general economic equilibrium, game theory and social choice. In the early 1970s he published work that largely determined the general structure of aggregate demand functions. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in game theory and price theory. Dr. Sonnenschein is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (elected 1990), a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (elected 1984) and a member of the American Philosophical Society (elected 2001). He served as President of the Econometric Society in 1988 and was the editor of its journal, Econometrica, from 1977 to 1984. He is former chairman of the Board of Governors of Argonne National Laboratory, an honorary member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Chicago, and a member of the Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees at the University of Rochester. His other current board responsibilities include the Board of Directors of the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (Berkeley), the Board of Directors of the Institute for the International Education of Students, the Board of Directors of Van Kampen Mutual Funds, and Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Barcelona Graduate School. Dr. Sonnenschein received his Bachelor's Degree in mathematics from the University of Rochester in 1961 and his Ph.D. in economics from Purdue University in 1964. He is the recipient of honorary doctoral degrees from numerous universities, including Tel Aviv University and the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. In addition to Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Sonnenschein has served as Professor of Economics at the University of Minnesota, Northwestern University, and the University of Massachusetts. He has been Visiting Professor at Stanford University, University of Paris XII, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv University. He is married to Elizabeth Gunn Sonnenschein, an epidemiologist. They have three daughters and five grandchildren. Hugo Sonnenschein died on July 15, 2021 in Chicago, IL. | |
34 | Name: | Dr. H. Guyford Stever | | Institution: | Carnegie Mellon University | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1916 | | Death Date: | April 9, 2010 | | | | | H. Guyford Stever received a Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology in 1941. He joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1941 and remained until 1965, serving as professor, executive officer of the guided missiles program (1946-48), associate dean of engineering (1956-59), and head of the departments of mechanical engineering, naval architecture, and marine engineering (1961-65). He was president of Carnegie Mellon University from 1965-72 and director of the National Science Foundation from 1972-76. Dr. Stever has also served as Science Advisor to the President (1972-76), White House Science and Technology Advisor to the President, director, Office of Science and Technology Policy, chairman of the Federal Coordination Committee for Science, Engineering, and Technology (1976-77) and chairman of the Policy Division of the National Research Council. As a scientist, H. Guyford Stever contributed professionally to aeronautical and space engineering, cosmic rays, and gas dynamics. His presidency of Carnegie Mellon University was marked by significant change and growth, including the merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology and the Mellon Institute. As Director of the National Science Foundation, he strengthened NSF's highest priority mission as supporter of basic research. As Science Advisor to the President during the OPEC oil embargo of 1973, he rapidly increased NSF's non-fossil and renewable energy sources research; he also helped President Ford reestablish the White House science structure. Dr. Stever is a recipient of the Distinguished Public Service Medal of the Department of Defense, Commander, Polish Order of Merit, Distinguished Public Service Award from NASA, National Medal of Science, and the Vannevar Bush Award from the National Science Foundation. He has been a trustee of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute since 1980. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Japan Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001. | |
35 | Name: | Dr. Kirk Varnedoe | | Institution: | Institute for Advanced Study & The Museum of Modern Art | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | Subdivision: | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1946 | | Death Date: | August 14, 2003 | | | |
36 | Name: | Dr. Alexander Varshavsky | | Institution: | California Institute of Technology | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1946 | | | | | Alexander Varshavsky is the co-founder, together with Avram Hershko (Technion, Haifa, Israel), of the field of ubiquitin and regulated protein degradation. In the 1980s, Dr. Varshavsky and coworkers discovered the first physiological functions of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis (in the cell cycle, DNA repair, ribosome biogenesis and stress responses), the first degradation signals in short-lived proteins, and several crucial mechanistic attributes of the ubiquitin system. Thanks to this singularly important work, studies of the ubiquitin system have become a major arena of modern biology. Other contributions by Dr. Varshavsky include his discovery of the first exposed (nucleosome-free) regions in chromosomes, elucidation of the catenane-based mechanism for segregation of daughter DNA during chromosome replication, and several widely used biochemical and genetic methods. A graduate of the Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow (1973), Dr. Varshavsky served on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1977-92 before moving to the California Institute of Technology, where he is Howard and Gwen Laurie Smits Professor of Cell Biology. In 2008 he received a EUREKA grant from the National Institutes of Health and the inaugural Gotham Prize for Cancer Research, an annual million dollar award established to encourage new and innovative approaches to cancer research. He was awarded the King Faisal International Prize for Science in 2012 and the Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics, founded by Yuri Milnor, in 2013. | |
37 | Name: | Dr. Eugen Weber | | Institution: | University of California, Los Angeles | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | Birth Date: | 1925 | | Death Date: | May 17, 2007 | | | |
38 | Name: | Dr. Mark S. Wrighton | | Institution: | Washington University in St. Louis | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | Residency: | Resident | | Living? : |
Living
| | Birth Date: | 1949 | | | | | Before being named chancellor of Washington University in 1995, Mark Wrighton served for five years as provost of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was an assistant professor at M.I.T. at the age of 23 and, fifteen years later, became chairman of the Department of Chemistry. Dr. Wrighton's gifts as a teacher, administrator and scientist are widely recognized. For his achievements has received the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship, the Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Grant, and the American Chemist Society Award in Pure Chemistry, among other honors. From 1983-88 he was a MacArthur Fellow, and he is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the American Chemical Society; and the Electrochemical Society. In 2018 he was named a leader of United Way community campaigns. Mark Wrighton was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001. | |
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