APS Member History

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1	Name:	Dr. Peter Heinrich von Blanckenhagen
	Institution:	New York University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402. Criticism: Arts and Letters
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1909
	Death Date:	3/6/90

2	Name:	Dr. Lawrence Bogorad
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	202. Cellular and Developmental Biology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1921
	Death Date:	December 28, 2003

3	Name:	Dr. Armand Borel
	Institution:	Institute for Advanced Study
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1923
	Death Date:	August 11, 2003

4	Name:	Dr. Donald Davidson
	Institution:	University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	407. Philosophy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1917
	Death Date:	August 31, 2003

5	Name:	Dr. Carl N. Degler
	Institution:	Stanford University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1921
	Death Date:	December 27, 2014

	Carl Degler was Margaret Byrne Professor of American History Emeritus at Stanford University at the time of his death December 27, 2014, at the age of 93. He joined the faculty at Stanford in 1968, before which time he was an instructor and professor at Vassar College (1952-68) and an instructor at Hunter College, City College of Music, Adelphi University and New York University (1947-52). The recipient of the Pulitzer Prize in History in 1972 for his book Neither Black Nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States (which also won the Bancroft and Beveridge Prizes), Dr. Degler had published extensively on subjects such as the American South, the history of women, evolutionary theory, Darwin and Darwinism in America, and the uses and limits of history. A past president of the Organization of American Historians, Dr. Degler had also been president of the American Historical Association and the Southern Historical Association and was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1985.

6	Name:	Dr. Donald S. Fredrickson
	Institution:	National Library of Medicine & National Institutes of Health & Howard Hughes Medical Institute
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	June 7, 2002

7	Name:	Dr. Ralph Edward Gomory
	Institution:	Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NYU Stern
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1929

	Ralph E. Gomory served as President of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation from June 1989 to January 2008. He now serves as Director of Special Programs. Dr. Gomory received his B.A. from Williams College in 1950, studied at Cambridge University and received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1954. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1954 to 1957. Dr. Gomory was Higgins Lecturer and Assistant Professor at Princeton University from 1957 to 59. He joined the Research Division of IBM in 1959, was named IBM Fellow in 1964, and became Director of the Mathematical Sciences Department in 1965. He was made IBM Director of Research in 1970 a position he held until 1986, becoming IBM Vice President in 1973 and Senior Vice President in 1985. In 1986 he became IBM Senior Vice President for Science and Technology, a position which he held until 1989 when he retired from IBM. Dr. Gomory is a member of both the National Academies of Science and of Engineering. He has been awarded a number of honorary degrees and prizes including the Lanchester Prize in 1963; the John von Neumann Theory Prize in 1984; the IEEE Engineering Leadership Recognition Award in 1988; the National Medal of Science in 1988; the Arthur M. Bueche Award of the National Academy of Engineering in 1993; the Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment in 1998; the Madison Medal Award of Princeton University in 1999; and the Sheffield Fellowship Award of the Yale University Faculty of Engineering in 2000. He was named to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology in 1990 and served to March 1993. Dr. Gomory has been an American Philosophical Society member since 1985.

8	Name:	Dr. Vartan Gregorian
	Institution:	Carnegie Corporation of New York & Brown University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1934
	Death Date:	April 15, 2021

	A scholar of Armenian, Caucasian and cognate history, Vartan Gregorian served as the twelfth president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, a grant-making institution founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1911. Prior to this position, which he assumed in 1997, Dr. Gregorian served for nine years as the sixteenth president of Brown University. Born in Tabriz, Iran of Armenian parents, he received his elementary education in Iran and his secondary education in Lebanon. He graduated with honors from Stanford University in 1958 and was awarded a Ph.D. in history and humanities from Stanford in 1964. Dr. Gregorian has subsequently taught European and Middle Eastern history at San Francisco State College, the University of California at Los Angeles, and the University of Texas at Austin. In 1972 he joined the University of Pennsylvania faculty and was appointed Tarzian Professor of History and professor of South Asian history. He was founding dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania in 1974 and four years later became its twenty-third provost until 1981. From 1981-1989, Dr. Gregorian served as a president of the New York Public Library, an institution with a network of four research libraries and eighty-three circulating libraries. In 1989 he was appointed president of Brown University. Vartan Gregorian is the author of works such as The Road To Home: My Life And Times, Islam: A Mosaic, Not A Monolith, and The Emergence of Modern Afghanistan, 1880-1946. A Phi Beta Kappa and a Ford Foundation Foreign Area Training Fellow, he is a recipient of numerous fellowships, including those from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Social Science Research Council and the American Philosophical Society. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and in 1969 he received the Danforth Foundation's E.H. Harbison Distinguished Teaching Award. Dr. Gregorian was the 2008 recipient of the James L. Fisher Award for Distinguished Service to Education from the Council for Advancement and Support of Education and recently received the Distinguished Service Award from the Council on Foundations. He has been decorated by the French (Chevalier of Legion of Honor), Italian, Austrian, Portuguese and Armenian governments and received the National Humanities Medal from President Clinton in 1998. In 2004, President Bush awarded him the Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civil award. He died on April 15, 2021.

9	Name:	Dr. Jack H. Hexter
	Institution:	Washington University & Yale University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1910
	Death Date:	12/8/96

10	Name:	Dr. Edward G. Jefferson
	Institution:	Du Pont
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1921
	Death Date:	February 7, 2006

11	Name:	Dr. Howard Wesley Johnson
	Institution:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1922
	Death Date:	December 12, 2009

	Howard Wesley Johnson is the former president (1966-71) and chairman (1971-83) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He served on the faculty of the University of Chicago from 1948-55, when he came to M.I.T. as associate professor of management and director of the Sloan Fellowship Program. Dr. Johnson became professor and dean of the Sloan School of Management in 1959, serving until 1966, when he became M.I.T.'s twelfth president. Later, he served as president of Boston's Museum of Fine Arts (1975-80). His public service includes membership on the National Commission on Productivity, the National Manpower Advisory Committee, the (U.S.) President's Advisory Committee on Labor-Management Policy, and the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Massachusetts General Hospital. He has also been a trustee or director of public and private institutions including the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Radcliffe College, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

12	Name:	Dr. Bernard M. W. Knox
	Institution:	Center for Hellenic Studies
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402. Criticism: Arts and Letters
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1914
	Death Date:	July 22, 2010

	Bernard M. W. Knox was born and raised in England. His early focus on languages won him a scholarship to study at St. John's College in Cambridge. He received his degree in 1936, then left for Spain to fight with the International Brigade against Franco. Seriously wounded, he returned to England, then moved to the United States to marry his American wife in 1939. Two years later, he joined the army and was commissioned as a defense officer on an American air base in England. His ability with languages and desire to be involved led to his deployment to France, where he parachuted in and took an active part in the operations of the Maquis in support of the invading forces. He was later transferred to the Italian front. He received the Croix de Guerre à l'ordre de l'armée (avec palmes) and the Bronze Star with cluster. In 1945 he returned to the United States and took up graduate studies at Yale University. He received his Ph.D. in 1948 and stayed at Yale as a professor of Greek until 1961 when he became the first director of the newly opened Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington, D.C., a post he held for 24 years before retiring and being named Director Emeritus. He was the author of Oedipus at Thebes (1957), Oedipus the King (1959), The Heroic Temper (1964), Word and Action (1979), and Essays Ancient and Modern (1989). In 2004 he was awarded the American Philosophical Society’s Thomas Jefferson Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Arts, Humanities, or Social Sciences. The prize certificate citation reads, "In recognition of the role this brilliant classicist has played on an international stage by presenting, in his writings, his teaching and the power of his example, the civilizations of Greece and Rome; as a man of words and a man of action too - he has offered a lucid reminder of where we come from and an inspiring vision of what we may become." Dr. Knox had been a member of the American Philosophical Society since 1985. He died July 22, 2010, at the age of 95.

13	Name:	Dr. Stig Lundqvist
	Institution:	Chalmers Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1925
	Death Date:	April 6, 2000

14	Name:	Dr. John Rupert Martin
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1916
	Death Date:	July 26, 2000

15	Name:	Dr. Giuseppe Montalenti
	Institution:	University of Rome
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1904
	Death Date:	7/2/90

16	Name:	Sir Roger A. B. Mynors
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1903
	Death Date:	10/17/89

17	Name:	Dr. Daniel Nathans
	Institution:	Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1928
	Death Date:	11/16/99

18	Name:	Dr. Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky
	Institution:	Stanford University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1919
	Death Date:	September 24, 2007

	Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center's (SLAC) first Director, is an internationally known experimental high-energy physicist, expert on particle accelerator design, and governmental advisor on physics and international arms control issues. After receiving his a.b. from Princeton (1938) and Ph.D. from Cal Tech (1942, Physics), he did research for the Office of Scientific Research and Development; he then went to the University of California, Berkeley in 1947 as a researcher and then Associate Professor. He joined the faculty of Stanford University as Professor of Physics in 1951, and took on the directorship of the High Energy Physics Laboratory there in 1953. He became Director of SLAC in 1961, and implemented the creation, design and construction of the new two-mile linear accelerator and development of its research program. As Director of SLAC, until his retirement as Emeritus Director and Professor of Physics at Stanford in 1984, Panofsky oversaw the development of SLAC's various facilities (including the Stanford Positron Electron Accelerator Ring [SPEAR], the Positron-Electron Project [PEP], and the initial stages of the Stanford Linear Collider); he took an active role in the development of its research program and in the management of financial, personnel, health and safety, and other business aspects of the laboratory. As both physicist and arms control expert, he has served on many science policy committees, including the President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC), the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP) to the Department of Energy (DOE), and the Committee for International Security and Arms Control (CISAC) of the National Academy of Sciences. He is Chairman of the Board of Overseers of University Research Associates for the Super-conducting Super Collider Laboratory.

19	Name:	Dr. George C. Pimentel
	Institution:	University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1922
	Death Date:	6/18/89

20	Name:	Dr. J. William Schopf
	Institution:	University of California, Los Angeles
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	William Schopf, paleobiologist and director of the University of California, Los Angeles's Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life, is an expert in the early history of life. He is the editor of Earth's Earliest Biosphere and The Proterozoic Biosphere: A Multidisciplinary Study, companion books that provide a comprehensive survey of more than four billion years of the earth's history, from the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago to events that occurred a half a billion years ago. Dr. Schopf has authored more than 200 scholarly publications on the origin and evolution of life and has received many honors, including the Paleontological Society Medal, the Golden Plate Medal from the American Academy of Achievement, the Centennial Botanist Award from the Botanical Society of America, the National Academy of Sciences' Clark Thompson Medal, the National Science Foundation's Alan T. Waterman Award, and the Alexandre Ivanovich Oparin Medal from the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life. He earned his A.B. in geology from Oberlin College in 1963 and earned his A.M. in 1965 and his Ph.D. in 1968 from Harvard University. Also in 1968, he joined UCLA's faculty where he has been active in numerous councils and committees. During the late '60s and early '70s, Dr. Schopf worked with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, serving as a member of the Lunar Sample Preliminary Examination Team at the Johnson Space Center in Houston from 1968-71 and as the Principal Investigator of Lunar Samples for the Apollo Program from 1969-73. He has completed field work in over 20 different countries and has received support from the National Geographic Society, the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. His current research interests include the evolution of primitive Precambrian organisms; organic geochemistry of ancient sediments; evolutionary biology; atmospheric evolution; and paleobotany.

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