APS Member History

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21	Name:	Dr. Jeremiah P. Ostriker
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1937

	Jeremiah Ostriker was born April 13, 1937 in New York. He received his A.B. in physics and chemistry from Harvard University in 1959 and his Ph.D. in astrophysics from the University of Chicago in 1964 under the direction of S. Chandrasekhar. Upon completion of his Ph.D., he went to the University of Cambridge (England) as an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow. In 1965 he came to Princeton University as an Assistant Professor, rising through the ranks to Professor, where he continues to teach and conduct research. At Princeton University, in addition to his professorship, he was the Chair of the Department of Astrophysical Sciences and Director of the Princeton University Observatory from 1979 to 1995 when he became the Provost of the University, leaving that position in 2001. He spent the years 2001-2004 as the Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy at the University of Cambridge (England). He was the Director of the Princeton Institute for Computational Science and Engineering (PICSciE) at Princeton University, from 2005-15. Within the National Academy of Sciences, Ostriker was elected Treasurer for the term 2008-2012 and, associated with that position, is a member of the NAS Council and the Governing Board of the National Research Committee (1994-95 and 2007-08), the Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences (1977-80), the Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Resources (1987-91), and the Committee on Astronomy and Astrophysics (1992-95). He was a member of the Class I (Physical Sciences) Membership Committee in 1977, 1978, 1987, 1988, 1993, 2007 and 2008. He served on the Executive Committee of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Decennial Surveys (1969-73, 1978-83 and 1988-91), recently chaired the Committee to Examine the Methodology for the Assessment of Research Doctorate Programs (2002-03), and the Committee to Assess Research Doctorate Programs (2005-08). Ostriker is a member of the American Astronomical Society, the International Astronomical Union, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Royal Astronomical Society, the American Philosophical Society, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, and he was recently elected as a Foreign Member of the Royal Society. He is a trustee of the American Museum of Natural History and was on the Editorial Board and Trustee of the Princeton University Press. Over the years, Ostriker has received numerous awards for his achievements, including a National Science Foundation Fellowship, an Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship, the Helen B. Warner Prize of the American Astronomical Society, the Sherman Fairchild Fellowship of the California Institute of Technology, the Henry Norris Russell Prize of the American Astronomical Society, the Smithsonian Institution's Regents Fellowship, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Vainu Bappu Memorial Award of the Indian National Science Academy, the Karl Schwarzschild Medal of the Astronomische Gesellschaft of Germany, the U.S. National Medal of Science, the British Royal Astronomical Society Gold Medal, the James Craig Watson Medal of the National Academy of Science, and the Bruce Medal from the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. The U.S. National Medal of Science recognized him "for his bold astrophysical insights, which have revolutionized concepts of the nature of pulsars, the 'ecosystem' of stars and gas in our Galaxy, the sizes and masses of galaxies, the nature and distribution of dark matter and ordinary matter in the Universe, and the formation of galaxies and other cosmological structures." Ostriker has been an influential researcher in one of the most exciting areas of modern science, theoretical astrophysics, with current primary work in the area of cosmology, particularly in the efforts to measure and determine the nature of the prevalent dark matter and dark energy components. He has investigated many areas of astrophysical research, including the structure and oscillations of rotating stars, the stability of galaxies, the evolution of globular clusters and other star systems, pulsars, X-ray binary stars, the dynamics of clusters of galaxies, gravitational lensing, astrophysical blast waves, quasars, active galactic nuclei and the formation of galaxies. Ostriker has pioneered in the development of very large-scale numerical simulations of astrophysical phenomena such as galaxy formation and quasar feedback. He continues to teach, supervise and collaborate with many graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and senior researchers.

22	Name:	Dr. William N. Parker
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	302. Economics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1919
	Death Date:	April 29, 2000

23	Name:	Dr. John G. A. Pocock
	Institution:	Johns Hopkins University
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1924

	J.G.A. Pocock grew up in New Zealand and holds his first degrees and an honorary doctorate from that country's university system. He earned his Ph.D. (1952) from Cambridge University, where he studied with Herbert Butterfield, J.H. Plumb and Peter Laslett. He has taught at the Universities of Canterbury and Otago in New Zealand, and in the United States at Washington University in St. Louis and at the Johns Hopkins University since 1974, becoming a professor emeritus in 1994. Since 1984 he has been convenor of the Steering Committee of the Folger Institute Center for the History of British Political Thought at the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington. His publications include: The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law: English Historical Thought in the Seventeenth Century (1957, 1987, French, 2000); Politics, Language and Time, Essays on Political Thought and History (1971, 1989); The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (1975, Italian, 1980, French, 1997, Spanish, 2002/2003, Japanese, 2008); an edition of The Political Works of James Harrington (1997); Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History, Chiefly in the Eighteenth Century (1985, Japanese, 1990, French, 1998); an edition, with Gordon J. Schochet and Lois G. Schwoerer, of The Varieties of British Political Thought, 1500-1800 (1993); Barbarism and Religion, volume I: The Enlightenments of Edward Gibbon, volume II: Narratives of Civil Government (1999), volume III: The First Decline and Fall (2003), volume IV: Barbarians, Savages and Empires (2005); and The Discovery of Islands: Essays on British History (2005) . Barbarism and Religion was the 2000 recipient of the APS's Jacques Barzun Prize in Cultural History. Selections of his essays have been published in Italian, German, Hungarian, Spanish and Portuguese. He is currently about to publish Political Thought as History: Essays on Theory and Method, and completing Barbarism and Religion, volume V: Religion: The First Triumph. J.G.A. Pocock was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1994. He is a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy and an Honorary Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. He holds an honorary doctorate from the Johns Hopkins University.

24	Name:	Mr. William H. Scheide
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1914
	Death Date:	November 14, 2014

	William H. Scheide was among the most distinguished book collectors in the world, and his Scheide Collection is unique in having been built over three family generations. Housed in Princeton University's Firestone Library, the Scheide collection enables scholars as well as the general public to view Bibles (including the Gutenberg Bible), early printing, music manuscripts (Bach, Mozart, Wagner, Schubert and Beethoven) and Americana, all of which Mr. Scheide has managed in both personal and scholarly ways. Also known as a distinguished Bach scholar, he held an A.M. from Columbia University (1940) and worked both in the Cornell University Department of Music and, for thirty years, as organizer and director of the Bach Aria Group. It has been said that "probably no single individual has done so much to further the study of the music of J.S. Bach in the United States" as William Scheide. William Scheide died November 14, 2014, at age 100 in Princeton.

25	Name:	Dr. Howard E. Simmons
	Institution:	DuPont
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	4/26/97

26	Name:	Dr. John H. Sinfelt
	Institution:	Exxon Mobil Research and Engineering Co.
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	103. Engineering
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	May 28, 2011

	A leading scientist in catalysis by metals, John H. Sinfelt was Senior Scientific Advisor Emeritus at Exxon Mobil Research and Engineering Company at his death on May 28, 2011. He was affiliated with the company since 1954, the year he was awarded his Ph.D. by the University of Illinois. Credited with discovering that a combination of metals insoluble in the bulk is the ideal catalyst for making unleaded gasoline with minimal waste of off-gas, Dr. Sinfelt also found that these metals could form bimetallic clusters in sizes of 10-30 A on Al2O3 or SiO2 and established the first practical catalys from Pt-Ir. Dr. Sinfelt's contributions have been recognized with the National Medal of Science and awards from engineering, chemical and physical societies. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering.

27	Name:	The Honorable David H. Souter
	Institution:	United States Supreme Court
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1939

	David H. Souter served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1990 to 2009. After earning degrees from Harvard University (1961), from Magdalen College at Oxford University (Rhodes Scholar, 1963) and from Harvard Law School (1966), David Souter returned to New Hampshire to practice as an associate with the law firm of Orr and Reno. Two years later, he left private practice to join the New Hampshire Attorney General's Office, progressively becoming the Deputy Attorney General in 1971 and the Attorney General in 1976. In 1978, Justice Souter was named a Justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court, the state trial court for general jurisdiction, which "rides circuit" from county to county. After five years on the trial court, he was elevated to the New Hampshire Supreme Court in 1983 by Governor John Sununu. Seven years later, in April 1990, President George H.W. Bush appointed David Souter to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. He served there only briefly. Following the retirement of Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. in July, President Bush nominated him for a seat on the United States Supreme Court. On October 2, 1990, the Senate confirmed his nomination by a vote of 90 - 9. During his time on the Court, Justice Souter established himself as a highly regarded and influential moderate with respect for precedent and for adherence to the rule of law. He retired from the Court in June 2009. Justice Souter was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1994.

28	Name:	Dr. Jack L. Strominger
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	209. Neurobiology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1925

	Jack Strominger, Higgins Professor of Biochemistry at Harvard University, has worked on the mode of action of penicillin and uncovered the molecular basis of its activity. In recent years, he has conducted research on the structure and function of human histocompatibility antigens: proteins on the surface of all cells that characterize the uniqueness of each individual and play an essential role in presenting peptides to the immune system. His early work involved isolating and characterizing these so called MH proteins. Dr. Strominger has also, along with Don Wiley, crystallized the molecule and determined its three dimensional structure to other cells in the immune system - a striking advance in our understanding of the molecular basis of immunology. His laboratory is currently focused on three main projects: the role of MHC proteins and of products of other disease susceptibility genes in human autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis, diabetes, pemphigus vulgaris and ankylosing spondylitis; activating and inhibitory immunological synapses in human natural killer cells: how they are formed and how they function, particularly in relation to lipid rafts; and uterine decidual lymphocytes and their roles in the immunobiology of pregnancy. Having taught at Harvard University since 1968, Dr. Strominger has also served on the faculties of the Washington University School of Medicine (1948-51, 1955-64) and the University of Wisconsin Medical School (1964-68) and from 1951-54 worked as a senior assistant surgeon for the U.S. Public Health Service at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. His many awards include the National Academy of Sciences Award in Microbiology (1968), the Pasteur Medal (1990) the American Society for Microbiology's Hoechst-Roussel Award (1990), the Lasker Award (1995), the Paul Ehrlich Prize (1996), and the Japan Prize (1999. Dr. Strominger was elected to the membership of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1968 and the National Academy of Sciences in 1970.

29	Name:	Dr. Harold Varmus
	Institution:	National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	202. Cellular and Developmental Biology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1939

	Harold Varmus, former Director of the National Institutes of Health and co-recipient of a Nobel Prize for studies of the genetic basis of cancer, served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City from 2000 until 2010. On December 20, 2008, Harold Varmus was appointed co-chair of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology by incoming President Obama. He was appointed Director of the National Cancer Institute in July 2010 and served through March 2015. He is currently Senior Advisor to the Dean and Provost at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York. Much of Dr. Varmus' scientific work was conducted during 23 years as a faculty member at the University of California, San Francisco, where he and Dr. J. Michael Bishop and their co-workers demonstrated the cellular origins of the oncogene of a chicken retrovirus. This discovery led to the isolation of many cellular genes that normally control growth and development and are frequently mutated in human cancer. For this work, Bishop and Varmus received many awards, including the 1989 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Dr. Varmus is also widely recognized for his studies of the replication cycles of retroviruses and hepatitis B viruses, the functions of genes implicated in cancer, and the development of mouse models for human cancer (the focus of much of the current work in his laboratory at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center). In 1993, Dr. Varmus was named by President Clinton to serve as the Director of the National Institutes of Health, a position he held until the end of 1999. During his tenure at the NIH, he initiated many changes in the conduct of intramural and extramural research programs, recruited new leaders for most of the important positions at the NIH, planned three major buildings on the NIH campus, and helped to increase the NIH budget from under $11 billion to nearly $18 billion. In addition to authoring over 300 scientific papers and five books, including an introduction to the genetic basis of cancer for a general audience, Varmus has been an advisor to the federal government, pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, and many academic institutions. He served on the World Health Organization's Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, chairs the Board of Directors of Public Library of Science and the Scientific Board of the Grand Challenges in Global Health, and is involved in initiatives to promote science in other countries. He has been a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences since 1984 and of the Institute of Medicine since 1991. His latest book, for which he won the 2009 Phi Beta Kappa Science Book Award, is a memoir entitled The Art and Politics of Science (2009). In 2011, he was awarded the Double Helix Medal from the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. A native of Freeport, Long Island, Varmus is the son of Dr. Frank Varmus, a general practitioner, and Beatrice Varmus, a psychiatric social worker. After graduating from Freeport High School, he majored in English literature at Amherst College and earned a master's degree in English at Harvard University. He is a graduate of Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons, worked as a medical student in a hospital in India, and served on the medical house staff at Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital. His scientific training occurred first as a Public Health Service officer at the NIH, where he studied bacterial gene expression with Dr. Ira Pastan, and then as a post-doctoral fellow with Dr. Bishop at the University of California, San Francisco. He is married to Constance Casey, a journalist and horticulturist; their two sons, Jacob and Christopher, also live in New York City.

30	Name:	Dr. Gordon S. Wood
	Institution:	Brown University
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1933

	Gordon Wood has earned international distinction as an interpreter of 18th century colonial American and United States history. His first book, The Creation of the Republic (1969), is a stunning work of scholarship and exposition that won two of the most important book awards open to historians. Dr. Wood's 1992 work The Radicalism of the American Revolution has also won several awards, including the Pulitzer Prize for History, and is considered among the definitive works on the social, political and economic consequences of the Revolution. Dr. Wood has taught at Brown University, where he is Alva O. Way University Professor Emeritus. He has also served on the faculties of the College of William and Mary (1964-66), Harvard (1966-67), and the University of Michigan (1967-69). A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Society for Historians of the Early Republic, Dr. Wood also served for a number of years as chairman of the National Historical Society; as a consultant to the National Constitution Center and to the United States Capitol renovation; and on the Board of Trustees for Colonial Williamsburg. His most recent books include The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin (2004), Revolutionary Characters: What Made the Founders Different (2006),The Purpose of the Past: Reflections on the Uses of History (2007), the American History Book Prize winning Empire of Liberty (2009), The Idea of America: Reflections on the Birth of the United States (2011), and Friends Divided: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson (2017). He was awarded the 2010 National Humanities Medal by President Obama, the Centennial Medal by Harvard University Graduate School in 2015, and the Luminary Award of the Precision Medecine World Conference in 2018. Gordon Wood was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1994.

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