American Philosophical Society
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21Name:  Dr. Lewis Lockwood
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  401. Archaeology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1930
   
 
Lewis Lockwood is an American music historian. He has worked primarily in two fields: music and culture in Italy from c. 1400 to 1600; and the intensive study of Beethoven’s life and music. Lockwood was born in New York City in 1930 (by chance on Beethoven’s birthday), was trained as a cellist and continues to be active in chamber music. After attending the High School of Music and Art, then Queens College, he did his graduate studies at Princeton University with Oliver Strunk and others (Ph.D 1960). He taught at Princeton from 1958 to 1980, then moved to Harvard University, remaining there until his retirement in 2002. In 2010 he accepted appointment as Distinguished Senior Scholar in Musicology at Boston University. Having been swept into Renaissance studies in his undergraduate years by Edward Lowinsky, his first area of scholarship was Italian music history of the 15th and 16th centuries. His dissertation on the north Italian 16th-century composer Vincenzo Ruffo showed the influence of church patronage on style in sacred music. His later work included numerous articles on sacred and secular music, culminating in his major book, Music in Renaissance Ferrara, 1400-1505 (1984, rev. 2009) This book was the first fully documented study of the rise of this important musical center, and received the Howard Marraro Prize of the Society of Italian Historians in 1985. In 2008 Lockwood received the Paul Oskar Kristeller Award from the Renaissance Society of America, and he holds honorary degrees from the Universita degli Studi di Ferrara, New England Conservatory, and Wake Forest University. In 2019 he shared the Guido Adler Prize of the International Music Association with fellow APS member Margaret Bent, in honor of "scholars who have made an outstanding contribution to musicology." In the 1960's he turned towards the study of Beethoven, with a special focus on the vast patrimony of Beethoven’s surviving sketches and autograph manuscripts as evidence of his compositional process. Still only very partially known and published, these sources offer unparalleled insight into Beethoven’s methods of composition over his entire lifetime. Lockwood’s essay on the composing score of the cello sonata Op. 69 appeared in The Music Forum, 1970 and later in his Beethoven: Studies in the Creative Process (1992). In 2003 he brought out his Beethoven: The Music and the Life (New York: Norton). which has been translated into six language and was a finalist for a Pulitzer Prize in biography. This book gives primacy to Beethoven as composer while it also deals with the most salient issues in his life and career. In 2008, in collaboration with the members of the Juilliard String Quartet, he co-authored the book, Inside Beethoven’s Quartets. Most recently he has co-edited, with Alan Gosman, the critical edition of Beethoven’s "Eroica" Sketchbook (2013). He was the founding editor of Beethoven Forum, (1992-2007), the first serial scholarly publication on Beethoven produced in America. Lockwood was named by Joseph Kerman in the New York Review of Books as "a leading musical scholar of the postwar generation and the leading American scholar on Beethoven." Lewis Lockwood was elected a members of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
22Name:  Dr. Dusa McDuff
 Institution:  Barnard College
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  104. Mathematics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1945
   
 
Dusa McDuff launched her career while she was a graduate student at Cambridge University (where she earned her PhD in 1970 under George Reid) when she solved a well-known problem about von Neumann algebras, constructing infinitely many different factors of "type II-one." She traveled to Moscow in 1969-70 where she had the good fortune to study with Israel M. Gelfand. He shared her view of mathematics as a kind of poetry and was a great inspiration, encouraging her to study topology. McDuff returned to Cambridge for a two-year Science Research Council Fellowship, working with Frank Adams and later Graeme Segal. She was appointed Lecturer first at the University of York (1972-76) and then at the University of Warwick (1976-78), and spent 1974-75 at MIT. McDuff was on the faculty of the State University of New York at Stony Brook from 1978-2008, starting as an Assistant Professor and ending as a Distinguished Professor, along the way serving as Department Chair, 1991-93, and Undergraduate Director, 1998-2000. She moved to Barnard College in 2007 to take up the Kimmel Chair of Mathematics. Throughout her career she has been concerned with educational issues at both undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as being active in encouraging more women to study mathematics. McDuff has worked in symplectic topology since the early 1980s. She has written over 90 papers, as well as co-authoring three books with Dietmar Salamon, most recently J-holomorphic curves and Symplectic Topology (AMS Colloquium Publication 52, 2 edition (2012)). McDuff has held visiting positions at the Institute for Advanced Studies, UC Berkeley, MIT, Harvard, and at MSRI, in addition to serving on MSRI’s Scientific Advisory Committee (1990-98, Chair 1993-96). She has served on the MSRI Board of Trustees, as Chair 1998-2001, and currently as an ordinary member (2006-2017). Dusa McDuff has been awarded numerous honors including the Ruth Lyttle Satter Prize of the American Mathematical Society in 1991 and honorary doctorates from the University of Edinburgh (where she was an undergraduate), the University of York and the University of Strasbourg. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1994 and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995; she became a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1999. She is an Honorary Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge, an Honorary Member of the London Mathematical Society and a corresponding member of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013. McDuff has lectured widely in the US and abroad: for example Plenary Lecture at ICM Berlin (1998), AWM Noether Lecturer (1998), London Mathematical Society Hardy Lecturer (1999), Rademacher Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania (2001) and Andrejewski Lecturer, University of Gottingen (2001). She was awarded the AMS Steele Prize for Exposition in 2017.
 
23Name:  Dr. William Nordhaus
 Institution:  Yale University
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  302. Economics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1941
   
 
William Nordhaus is Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University and recipient of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Economics. He was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He completed his undergraduate work at Yale University in 1963 and received his Ph.D. in Economics in 1967 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been on the faculty of Yale University since 1967 and has been Full Professor of Economics since 1973. He is also Professor in Yale’s School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Professor Nordhaus lives in downtown New Haven with his wife Barbara, who works at the Yale Child Study Center. Nordhaus is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is on the research staff of the National Bureau of Economic Research, the Cowles Foundation for Research, and has been a member and senior advisor of the Brookings Panel on Economic Activity, Washington, D.C. since 1972. Professor Nordhaus is current or past associate editor of several scientific journals. He was the first chair of the Advisory Committee for the Bureau of Economic Analysis and of the American Economic Association Committee on Federal Statistics. In 2004, he was awarded the prize of "Distinguished Fellow" by the American Economic Association and later was elected President of the American Economic Association for 2014-15. William Nordhaus was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Economic Science for his pioneering work on the economic impact of climate change. From 1977 to 1979, he was a Member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers. From 1986 to 1988, he served as the Provost of Yale University. He is currently Deputy Chair of the Board of Directors of the Boston Federal Reserve Bank. He has served on several committees of the National Academy of Sciences on topics including climate change, environmental accounting, risk, and the role of the tax system in climate change. William Nordhaus was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013. He is the author of many books, among them Invention, Growth and Welfare, Is Growth Obsolete?, The Efficient Use of Energy Resources, Reforming Federal Regulation, Managing the Global Commons, Warming the World, and (joint with Paul Samuelson) the classic textbook, Economics, whose nineteenth edition was published in 2009. His most recent book on economic modeling of climate change, A Question of Balance (Yale University Press, 2008), was selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title of 2008. Professor Nordhaus has also studied wage and price behavior, health economics, augmented national accounting, the political business cycle, and productivity. His 1996 study of the economic history of lighting back to Babylonian times found that the measurement of long-term economic growth has been significantly underestimated. He returned to Mesopotamian economics with a study of the costs of the U.S. war in Iraq, published before the war began, projecting a total cost as high as $2 trillion. He is the author of the DICE and RICE models of the economics of climate change, which have been widely used in research on studies of climate-change economics and policies.
 
24Name:  Professor Giorgio Parisi
 Institution:  Sapienza University of Rome I
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  106. Physics
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1948
   
25Name:  Professor Dr. Hermann Parzinger
 Institution:  Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1959
   
 
Professor Dr. HERMANN PARZINGER was born in 1959 in Munich. He studied Prehistory, Archaeology and Medieval History from 1979 to 1984 at universities in Munich, Saarbrücken and Ljubljana (Slovenia). In 1985 he received his doctoral degree from the Ludwig-Maximilian-University in Munich, where he then worked as Associate Professor from 1986 to 1990. After completing his Habilitation he was appointed in 1990 to the position of Deputy Director of the Römisch-Germanische Kommission of the German Archaeological Institute in Frankfurt/Main; in this capacity he headed up excavations in Spain and Turkey. From 1995 to 2003 he acted as Director of the Eurasian Department of the German Archaeological Institute in Berlin and led various archaeological research projects in Siberia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan and Iran. In 1996 he was appointed Honorary Professor for Pre-historic archaeology at the Free University in Berlin, where he continues to teach at present. From 2003 to 2008 he was appointed President of the German Archaeological Institute, and since March 2008 he is President of the Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation). In 1998 Hermann Parzinger received the highly distinguished Leibniz Award of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation). In 2009 President D. Medvedev of Russia bestowed upon him the “Medal of Friendship”, the highest Russian symbol of recognition for foreign citizens. Nominated by the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences he received in 2011 the Reuchlin Award of the City of Pforzheim for outstanding achievements in the Humanities. In 2011 he was admitted into the highly selective Orden Pour le mérite for Arts and Sciences. In 2012 he received from the German president the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2013 the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz awarded him the Sybille Kalkhof-Rose Academy Award for outstanding contribution in the Humanities. He is a member of numerous academies in Russia, China, Spain, Great Britain, Romania, the United States of America and Germany such as amongst others the British Academy, the Royal Academy of History in Madrid, the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences, the Leopoldina National Academy of Sciences in Germany, and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. In addition he is amongst other President of the German Association of Archaeology, Speaker in the German-Russian Museum Dialogue, Chairman of the Working Group Culture in the Petersburg Dialogue, Chairman of the members of the Forum for Transregional Studies and Member of the Board of the Berlin Cluster of Excellence "TOPOI. The Formation and Transformations of Space and Knowledge in Ancient Civilizations". His primary academic focus is on cultural transformations in zones of contact in Europa and Asia. His research projects were dedicated to different periods and topics, dealing with man’s transition to sedentary life in the early Neolithic as well as the beginnings of early nomadism in the 1st millennium BC in the Eurasian steppe belt. Especially noteworthy were his outstanding discoveries of a royal tomb from the Scythian period in Arzhan in Tuva (South Siberia) and of an ice mummy from the same period in the Altai mountains. To this day questions revolving around the origins and of mounted nomads, their conditions of life and culture and the emergence of elite groups in prehistoric societies are central to him. He has written 15 books and over 250 essays on these topics. Furthermore since 2008 he has increasingly published works dealing with cultural and academic policy issues. Hermann Parzinger was elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
26Name:  Professor Sir Adam Roberts
 Institution:  University of Oxford
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1940
   
 
Sir Adam Roberts, Emeritus Professor of International Relations at Oxford University, specializes in international security, international organizations, and international law, including the laws of war. He has also worked on the role of civil resistance against oppressive regimes and foreign rule, and on the history of thought about international relations. He was born in Penrith, England, on 29 August 1940. He studied Modern History at Oxford University, where he won the Stanhope Historical Essay Prize in 1961 and was awarded a B.A. degree in 1962. His main academic jobs have been: Lecturer in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), 1968-81; Alastair Buchan Reader in International Relations at Oxford University, and Fellow of St Antony’s College, 1981-86; Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at Oxford University, and Fellow of Balliol College, 1986-2007. He has held visiting appointments at New York University, Tokyo University, the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna and the Woodrow Wilson Center for Scholars in Washington DC. He was a Member of the Council, Chatham House (Royal Institute of International Affairs), London, 1985-91; Governor, Ditchley Foundation, 2001-11; Member of the Council, International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, 2002-08; and Member of the UK Council for Science and Technology, 2010-13. He has been a Member, UK Defence Academy Advisory Board, since 2003. In 1990 he was elected Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), and 2009 to July 2013 was President of the British Academy. In 2002 he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG), ‘for services to the study and practice of international relations’. He is an Honorary Fellow of LSE and of St Antony’s College, Oxford, and a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has honorary degrees from King’s College London (2010), Aberdeen University (2012), and Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo (2013). Adam Roberts was elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013. His numerous publications (many jointly authored or edited) include The Strategy of Civilian Defence: Non-violent Resistance to Aggression (1967); Czechoslovakia 1968: Reform, Repression and Resistance (1969); Nations in Arms: The Theory and Practice of Territorial Defence (2nd edn., 1986); Documents on the Laws of War (3rd edn., 2000); United Nations, Divided World: The UN’s Roles in International Relations (2nd edn., 1993); Hugo Grotius and International Relations (1990); The United Nations Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945 (2008); Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present (2009); and Democracy, Sovereignty and Terror: Lakshman Kadirgamar on the Foundations of International Order (2012). He has published articles in numerous journals, including American Journal of International Law, British Year Book of International Law, International Affairs, International Security, Survival, and The Times Literary Supplement. He has also given expert evidence to several parliamentary and judicial inquiries. He is married with two grown-up children, and lives in Oxford. His interests include mountaineering and cycling.
 
27Name:  Dr. Elaine Scarry
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  406. Linguistics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1946
   
 
Elaine Scarry is currently Harvard College Professor and the Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and General Theory of Value in the Department of English at Harvard University. She earned her Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut in 1974, which she followed with a professorship at the University of Pennsylvania. Since the publication of The Body in Pain (1985), Elaine Scarry has held a special place in American literary, cultural, and political discourse. That book was widely discussed in many fields, and remains an important point of reference - all the more important since the "torture memos" of the U.S. Department of Justice began to come to light. In fact, the events of 9/11 made Dr. Scarry’s work all the more pertinent, and she has made many timely interventions in ensuing debates. Since moving from the University of Pennsylvania to Harvard, she has pursued work on aesthetics - beauty in relation to truth - and political responsibility (thinking in a situation of emergency) in ways that are unprecedented and impressive. Her work is read in many fields, including law. She won the Truman Capote Award in 1999 and is the author of several books, Literature and the Body: Essays on Populations and Persons (1990), Resisting Representation (1994), Dreaming by the Book (1999), On Beauty and Being Just (1999), Who Defended the Country? A New Democracy Forum on Authoritarian versus Democratic Approaches to National Defense on 9/11 (2003), Rule of Law, Misrule of Men (2010), Thinking in an Emergency (2011), and Thermonuclear Monarchy: Choosing Between Democracy and Doom (2013). Elaine Scarry was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
28Name:  Dr. Kay Kaufman Shelemay
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  401. Archaeology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1948
   
 
Kay Kaufman Shelemay is the G. Gordon Watts Professor of Music and Professor of African and African American Studies at Harvard University. An ethnomusicologist who received her Ph.D. in Musicology from the University of Michigan (1977), Shelemay has carried out ethnographic and historical research in Ethiopia and among a cross-section of musical communities in the United States. Shelemay’s first book, Music, Ritual, and Falasha History (1986), won both the ASCAP-Deems Taylor Award in 1987 and the Prize of the International Musicological Society in 1988. Among her other books are A Song of Longing: An Ethiopian Journey (1991); Ethiopian Christian Chant: An Anthology (3 vols., 1993-97), co-authored with Peter Jeffery; Let Jasmine Rain Down: Song and Remembrance Among Syrian Jews (1998); Sing and Sing On. Sentinel Musicians and the Making of the Ethiopian American Diaspora (2022) and the textbook Soundscapes: Exploring Music in a Changing World (3rd ed., 2015). Shelemay has also edited a seven-volume series of readings in ethnomusicology and other collections of essays, including Pain and Its Transformations: The Interface of Biology and Culture (2007, co-edited with Sarah Coakley) and Creating the Ethiopian Diaspora, a special double volume of Diaspora, A Journal of Transnational Studies (2011, co-edited with Steven Kaplan). Among her numerous articles, "The Power of Silent Voices. Women in the Syrian Jewish Musical Tradition" won the Society of Ethnomusicology’s 2010 Jaap Kunst for best article of the year. Shelemay has been awarded fellowships from the Woodrow Wilson Foundation, the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies. A Past-President of the Society for Ethnomusicology, Shelemay was a Congressional appointee to the Board of the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress from 1999-2012. In 2000, she was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 2004, a fellow of the American Academy for Jewish Research. Shelemay was named the Chair for Modern Culture at the John W. Kluge Center of the Library of Congress during 2007-2008, and served as the Phi Beta Kappa/Frank M. Updike Memorial Scholar during 2010-2011. Kay Kaufman Shelemay was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
29Name:  Dr. Kathryn Sikkink
 Institution:  Harvard University; Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1958
   
 
In January 2014 Kathryn Sikkink became the Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and the Carol K. Pforzheimer Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. She had been Regent's Professor and the McKnight Presidential Chair in Political Science at the University of Minnesota. She holds a Ph.D. from ColuIn January 2014 Kathryn Sikkink became the Ryan Family Professor of Human Rights Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and the Carol K. Pforzheimer Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. She had been Regent's Professor and the McKnight Presidential Chair in Political Science at the University of Minnesota. She holds a Ph.D. from Columbia University. Her publications include The Justice Cascade: How Human Rights Prosecutions are Changing World Politics (awarded the Robert F. Kennedy Center Book Award, and the WOLA/Duke University Award); Mixed Signals: U.S. Human Rights Policy and Latin America; Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (co-authored with Margaret Keck and awarded the Grawemeyer Award for Ideas for Improving World Order, and the ISA Chadwick Alger Award for Best Book in the area of International Organizations); The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change (co-edited with Thomas Risse and Stephen Ropp); and The Hidden Face of Rights: Towards a Politics of Responsibilities. Sikkink has been a Fulbright Scholar in Argentina and a Guggenheim fellow. She is a fellow of the American Association for Arts and Sciences and the Council on Foreign Relations, and a member of the editorial board of the International Studies Quarterly, International Organization, and the American Political Science Review. In 2013 she received the Susan Strange Award from the International Studies Association. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
30Name:  Dr. Sarah E. Thomas
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1948
   
 
Sarah Thomas was Bodley's Librarian, the first woman and non-British citizen to hold the position since 1602. She headed the Bodleian Libraries at the University of Oxford from 2007 through July 2013. From August 2013 through March 2019 she took up the position of Vice President for the Harvard Library at Harvard University and subsequently was also named University Librarian and Roy E. Larsen Librarian of the Faculty of Arts and Science. She shaped the library's vision to increase focus on user-centered services that connect faculty, students, alumni, and researchers with library resources online and in person. She spearheaded efforts to advance digital scholarship, committing library resources to open access and she advanced collaboration among libraries in areas such as shared storage, shared resources, and shared collections. She was University Librarian at Cornell University from 1996 until 2007. She began her career at Harvard University's Widener Library and has since worked at Johns Hopkins University, the Research Libraries Group (Stanford, CA), the National Agricultural Library, and the Library of Congress. She is a recipient of the Smith College Medal (2009), the Melvil Dewey Award (2007) from the American Library Association, and in 2004 she served as the President of the Association of Research Libraries. From 2013 to 2020 she was a trustee of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. In addition she has served on the boards of OCLC, the Natural History Museum, London, Historic Deerfield, and the Walters Art Gallery. She is a graduate of Smith College, and holds a MS in Library Science from Simmons College, Boston, and a Ph.D. in German literature from the Johns Hopkins University. Sarah Thomas was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
31Name:  Dr. J. Craig Venter
 Institution:  J. Craig Venter Institute; Synthetic Genomics, Inc.
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  207. Genetics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1946
   
 
J. Craig Venter, Ph.D., is regarded as one of the leading scientists of the 21st century for his numerous invaluable contributions to genomic research. He is Founder, Chairman, and CEO of the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), a not-for-profit, research organization with approximately 300 scientists and staff dedicated to human, microbial, plant, synthetic and environmental genomic research, and the exploration of social and ethical issues in genomics. Dr. Venter is also Founder and CEO of Synthetic Genomics Inc (SGI), a privately held company dedicated to commercializing genomic-driven solutions to address global needs such as new sources of energy, new food and nutritional products, and next generation vaccines. Dr. Venter began his formal education after a tour of duty as a Navy Corpsman in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968. After earning both a Bachelor’s degree in Biochemistry and a Ph.D. in Physiology and Pharmacology from the University of California at San Diego, he was appointed professor at the State University of New York at Buffalo and the Roswell Park Cancer Institute. In 1984, he moved to the National Institutes of Health campus where he developed Expressed Sequence Tags or ESTs, a revolutionary new strategy for rapid gene discovery. In 1992 Dr. Venter founded The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR, now part of JCVI), a not-for-profit research institute, where in 1995 he and his team decoded the genome of the first free-living organism, the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, using his new whole genome shotgun technique. In 1998, Dr. Venter founded Celera Genomics to sequence the human genome using new tools and techniques he and his team developed. This research culminated with the February 2001 publication of the human genome in the journal, Science. He and his team at Celera also sequenced the fruit fly, mouse and rat genomes. Dr. Venter and his team at JCVI continue to blaze new trails in genomics. They have sequenced and analyzed hundreds of genomes, and have published numerous important papers covering such areas as environmental genomics, the first complete diploid human genome, and the groundbreaking advance in creating the first self- replicating bacterial cell constructed entirely with synthetic DNA. Dr. Venter is one of the most frequently cited scientists, and the author of more than 250 research articles. He is also the recipient of numerous honorary degrees, public honors, and scientific awards, including the 2008 United States National Medal of Science, the 2002 Gairdner Foundation International Award, the 2001 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize and the King Faisal International Award for Science. Dr. Venter is a member of numerous prestigious scientific organizations including the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Society for Microbiology. J. Craig Venter was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
32Name:  Dr. Susan R. Wessler
 Institution:  University of California, Riverside; National Academy of Sciences
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  207. Genetics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1953
   
 
Susan Wessler is currently University of California President’s Chair at the University of California Riverside and the Home Secretary of the National Academy of Sciences; the first woman to hold this position. She is a molecular geneticist known for her contributions to the field of transposon biology, specifically on the roles of plant transposable elements in gene and genome evolution. Her laboratory has pioneered the use of computational and experimental analyses in the identification of actively transposing elements. She received her Ph.D. in 1980 in Biochemistry from Cornell University. As a postdoctoral fellow of the American Cancer Society at the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Baltimore (1980-82) she was involved in the molecular isolation of the Ac and Ds transposable elements that were first discovered by Barbara McClintock almost 40 years earlier in maize. She began her career at the University of Georgia in 1983 where she remained until moving to UC Riverside in 2010. Wessler has contributed extensively to educational initiatives, including co-authorship of the widely used genetics textbook, Introduction to Genetic Analysis. As a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor (2006), she adapted her research program for the classroom by developing the Dynamic Genome Courses where incoming freshman can experience the excitement of scientific discovery. She is the recipient of several awards including the the inaugural Distinguished Scientist Award (2007) from the Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA), the Stephen Hales Prize (2011) from the American Society of Plant Biologists, and the Excellence in Science Award from FASEB (2012). She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1998), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2007), the Royal Society (2017), and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
33Name:  Dr. Patricia Chapple Wright
 Institution:  Stony Brook University; Institute for the Conservation of Tropical Environments; Centre ValBio Research, Madagascar
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  205. Microbiology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1944
   
 
Dr. Patricia Chapple Wright has made major contributions in the biology, ecology, conservation and behavior of living primates. She discovered a new species of lemur, Hapalemur aureus in 1987 and helped establish the Ranomafana National Park to protect it. Her research concerns focus on behavior, scenescence, parasitology, predation, rainforest ecology, climate change and conservation studies of Malagasy lemurs. Patricia Wright earned a BA from Hood College in 1966 and a PhD in Anthropology from City University of New York in 1985. Dr. Wright has led over 40 field expeditions to Peru, Paraguay, East Malaysia, the Philippines and Madagascar. She has held professional appointments at Duke (1983-91) and Stony Brook Universities (1991-2013) and is the Executive Director of the Institute for the Conservation of Tropical Environments at Stony Brook (1992-2013) and the Founder and International Director of the Centre ValBio research station in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. In 2019 she was installed as Herrnstein Family Endowed Chair in Conservation Biology. She has authored over 150 scientific publications and is the holder of many high honors. She is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2004) as well as other professional associations. She was awarded a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship (1989-1994), a "Knight of the National Order" in 1995, the Officier Medal in 2003 and the Commandeur Medal in 2012 by the government of Madagascar. Dr. Wright has been the recipient of awards including the Hauptman Woodward Pioneer in Science Medal (2008), Distinguished Primatologist Award from American Society of Primatology (2008), honorary degrees from Hood College and the University of Antananarivo and a Distinguished Alumnae Award from Hood College (2008). In 2012 she was a finalist for the Indianapolis Prize for Conservation and in 2014 she won that same award. Her books include Madagascar: Forests of our Ancestors, Tarsiers: Past, Present and Future, and High Moon over the Amazon: My Quest to Understand the Monkeys of the Night. Dr. Wright was a member of the National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration, and is a member of the Board of NGS Conservation Trust, Duke Lemur Center, Madagascar Fauna Group and IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. Her work has been featured in the film "Me and Isaac Newton" directed by Michael Apted (1999) and "IMAX 3D Madagascar: Lemurs" directed by David Douglas (2014). Dr. Wright was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
34Name:  Dr. Robert Wuthnow
 Institution:  Princeton University
 Year Elected:  2013
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1946
   
 
Robert Wuthnow is Gerard R. Andlinger '52 Professor of Sociology Emeritus and former director of the Princeton University Center for the Study of Religion. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1975. Robert Wuthnow is the leading U.S. scholar in the sociology of religion. He has also been a pioneer in the study of culture and civil society. He has covered such a broad range of crucial topics including the place of politics in religion, the religious socialization of children, the relationship between money and the sacred, the response of congregations to immigration and religious pluralism, the place of music and art in religion, and more. Drawing from extensive interviews and historical investigation he has closely examined religious practice and discourse and offered important overviews of their significance. Wuthnow's contributions are remarkable: 28 solo-authored books, ten edited volumes, and dozens of articles that offer careful portraits of religious life and thought in the United States. He has won many awards, including the Martin E. Marty Award of the American Academy of Religion in 2003, the Mirra Komarovsky Best Book Award of the Eastern Sociological Society in 2007, the PROSE Award in Theology and Religious Studies of the Association of American Publishers in 2009, the Warren J. Mitofsky Award for Excellence in Public Opinion Research, 2009, and the Andrew M. Greeley LIfetime Achivement Award in Sociology of Religion in 2018. His books include: Meaning and Moral Order: Explorations in Cultural Analysis, 1987; Communities of Discourse: Ideology and Social Structure in The Reformation, The Enlightenment and European Socialism, 1989; Acts of Compassion: Caring for Others and Helping Ourselves, 1991; God and Mammon in America, 1994; Learning to Care: Elementary Kindness in an Age of Indifference, 1995; Poor Richard’s Principle: Recovering the American Dream through the Moral Dimension of Work, Business, and Money, 1996; All in Sync: How Music and Art are Revitalizing American Religion, 2003; America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity, 2005; Be Very Afraid: The Cultural Response to Terror, Pandemics, Environmental Devastation, Nuclear Annihilation, and Other Threats, 2010; Remaking the Heartland: Middle America Since the 1950s, 2011; Red State Religion: Faith and Politics in America’s Heartland, 2012; The God Problem: Expressing Faith and Being Reasonable, 2012; Small-Town America: Finding Community, Shaping the Future, 2013; Rough Country: How Texas Became America’s Most Powerful Bible-belt State, 2014; In the Blood: Understanding America’s Farm Families, 2015; Inventing American Religion: Polls, Surveys, and the Tenuous Quest for a Nation’s Faith, 2015; American Misfits and the Making of Middle Class Respectability, 2017; The Left Behind: Decline and Rage in Small-Town America, 2018; What Happens When We Practice Religion? Textures of Devotion in Ordinary Life, 2020; and Why Religion Is Good for American Democracy, 2021. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Robert Wuthnow was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2013.
 
Election Year
2013[X]
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