American Philosophical Society
Member History

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1Name:  Dr. Hans Belting
 Institution:  Internationales Forschungszentrum Kulturwissenschaften, Vienna
 Year Elected:  2005
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  401. Archaeology
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1935
 Death Date:  January 10, 2023
   
 
Hans Belting is perhaps Germany's most creative art historian. In his College Art Association citation he is described as "the most influential scholar of medieval art of his generation," having made "fundamental contributions to the history of Byzantine wall painting and manuscript illumination, Carolingian art in Rome and Gaul, Italian Trecento mural decoration and early Flemish panel painting." His many books are based on a wide spectrum of methods: traditional style and iconographic analysis, reception theory, archaeological and anthropological techniques and the critique of patronage. But he has also contributed powerfully to contemporary theory in the discipline, particularly in The End of the History of Art, and to the history and criticism of contemporary art. Dr. Belting's other published works include Likeness and Presence: A History of the Image Before the Era of Art (1984); The Germans and Their Art: A Troublesome Relationship (1998); The Invisible Masterpiece: The Modern Myths of Art (2001); and Hieronymus Bosch: The Garden of Earthly Delights (2002). Formerly the Mary Jane Crowe Professor at Northwestern University and the director of the Internationales Forschungszentrum Kulturwissenschaften in Vienna, Dr. Belting is a member of the Medieval Academy of America; the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften; and the Academia Europaea. He received his Ph.D. from Mainz University in 1959.
 
2Name:  Dr. Aaron J. Ciechanover
 Institution:  Technion - Israel Institute of Technology
 Year Elected:  2005
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  202. Cellular and Developmental Biology
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1947
   
 
Aaron Ciechanover was born in Haifa, Israel in 1947. He is currently on the academic staff of the Faculty of Medicine of the Technion in Haifa, Israel. He received his M.Sc. (1971) and M.D. (1975) from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel, and his D.Sc. (1982) from the Technion. There, as a graduate student with Dr. Avram Hershko and in collaboration with Dr. Irwin A. Rose from the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, they discovered that covalent attachment of ubiquitin to the target substrate signals it for degradation. They deciphered the mechanism of conjugation in a cell-free system, described the general proteolytic function of the system in cells, and proposed a model according to which this modification serves as a recognition signal for a specific downstream protease. As a post doctoral fellow with Dr. Harvey Lodish at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he collaborated with Drs. Alexander Varshavsky and Daniel Finley, and described the first mutant cell of the system, further corroborating the role of ubiquitin modification as a proteolytic signal in intact cells. Among the many prizes that Dr. Ciechanover received are the 2000 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research and the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Dr. Ciechanover is a member of the Israeli National Academy of Sciences and Humanities, a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA and a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences of the Vatican.
 
3Name:  Sir Partha Sarathi Dasgupta
 Institution:  University of Cambridge; St. John's College, Cambridge
 Year Elected:  2005
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  302. Economics
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1942
   
 
Partha Dasgupta has made pathbreaking contributions to social science, particularly on connections between population growth, natural resource use, and human welfare in developing countries. His theoretical work offers deep insights into the institutional and social causes of excessive resource depletion there, while proposing effective remedial policies. Dr. Dasgupta's important research on the definition and measurement of human welfare has greatly advanced understanding of the necessary conditions for sustainable development. He has detailed the crucial roles played by life-sustaining services provided by environmental assets in poorer countries, and the institutional reforms necessary to avoid serious environmental and social collapses in those countries. Educated at the University of Cambridge (Ph.D., 1968), Dr. Dasgupta went on to teach at the London School of Economics (1978-84) and Stanford University (1989-92), where he also directed the Program on Ethics and Society, before returning to Cambridge in 1985. In 1996 he was appointed Frank Ramsey Professor of Economics at Cambridge, and in 2007 he began a six year term as A.D. White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1991); the National Academy of Sciences (2001); the Royal Economic Society (president, 1998-2001); and the Royal Society (2004), Dr. Dasgupta has also been honored with the Volvo Environment Prize (2002) and the Ecological Economics Association's Kenneth Boulding Prize (2004). In 2016 he was selected as the Tyler Prize Laureate.
 
4Name:  Dr. Jorge Durand
 Institution:  Princeton University; University of Guadalajara
 Year Elected:  2005
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1949
   
 
Jorge Durand is a Visiting Professor at Princeton University, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Guadalajara, México, and Co-Director, with Douglas S. Massey, of the Mexican Migration Project and the Latin American Migration Project sponsored by Princeton University and the University of Guadalajara. He is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, a foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a member of the American Philosophical Society. He was educated at the Universidad Iberoamericana (BA), El Colegio de Michoacán (MA), and the University of Toulouse - Le Mirail, France (Ph.D.). He is the author of La ciudad invade al ejido (1983) and Los obreros de Río Grande (1985). He has studied and written about Mexican migration to the United States for the last 20 years. His publications in this field include: Return to Aztlan (1987); Más allá de la línea (1984); Miracles on the Border (1995); Migrations mexicaines aux Etats-Unis (1995); La experiencia migrante (2000); Beyond Smoke and Mirrors (2002); and Clandestinos. Migración mexicana en los albores del siglo XX (2003).
 
5Name:  Dr. Avram Hershko
 Institution:  Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
 Year Elected:  2005
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1937
   
 
Avram Hershko was born in 1937 in Karcag, Hungary and emigrated with his family to Israel in 1950. He gained his M.D. (1965) and Ph.D. (1969) from the Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School of Jerusalem, a period which included service as a physician in the Israel Defence Forces (1965-67). After a post-doctoral fellowship with Gordon Tomkins at the University of San Francisco (1969-72), he joined the faculty of the Haifa Technion, becoming professor in 1980. He is now Distinguished Professor in the Unit of Biochemistry in the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine of the Technion. His main research interests concern the mechanisms by which cellular proteins are degraded, a formerly neglected field of study. Dr. Hershko and his colleagues showed that cellular proteins are degraded by a highly selective proteolytic system. This system tags proteins for destruction by linkage to a protein called ubiquitin, which had previously been identified in many tissues, as the name suggests, but whose function was previously unknown. Subsequent work in Dr. Hershko's and many other laboratories has shown that the ubiquitin system has a vital role in controlling a wide range of cellular processes, such as the regulation of cell division, signal transduction and DNA repair. Abnormalities in the ubiquitin system result in diseases such as certain types of cancer. The full range of functions of the ubiquitin system in health and disease has still to be elucidated. Dr. Hershko was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2004) jointly with his former Ph.D. student Aaron Ciechanover and their colleague Irwin Rose. His many honors include the Israel Prize for Biochemistry (1994), the Gardner Award (1999), the Lasker Prize for Basic Medical Research (2000), the Wolf Prize for Medicine (2001) and the Louisa Gross Horwitz Award (2001). Dr. Hershko is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences (2000) and a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences (2003).
 
6Name:  Prof. Dr. Reinhard Kurth
 Institution:  Ernst Schering Foundation; Robert Koch Institute; Humboldt University
 Year Elected:  2005
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1942
 Death Date:  February 2, 2014
   
 
The virologist and clinician Reinhard Kurth was born in 1942 in Dresden, Germany. At his death on February 2, 2014, he was the Chairman of the Foundation Council at the Ernst Schering Foundation. He was President Emeritus of the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin, where he had also a postdoctoral fellow in the virology department from 1971-73. After a further two years as head of his own group at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories in London, he led a junior research group at the Max Planck Society in Tübingen, Germany, from 1975-80. In 1980 he became Head of the Virology Department of the Paul Ehrlich Institute in Frankfurt, Germany. In 1986 he was appointed director of that institute, a post he held until 1999 and during the last three years of which he was simultaneously director of the Robert Koch Institute. From September 2004 he also held the post of Acting Director of the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medicinal Products in Bonn. The focus of Reinhard Kurth's scientific work has long been the retroviruses. Various aspects of all three existing retroviral families have been investigated by him: the Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV), the Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV) that can cause a particular form of leukemia, and the Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERV), viruses that have become integrated into the human genome during the course of evolution and, like other genes, are passed from generation to generation. His focus was on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of HIV and SIV infections, the development of an AIDS vaccine, and the genomic organization and pathophysiology of HERVs. Reinhard Kurth, who after being licensed as a physician in 1969 moved into research, was the recipient of many scientific awards. In 1998 he was appointed a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Science in recognition of his scientific achievements. He was elected an International member of the American Philosophical Society in 2005. In 2008 he was elected to the newly established German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He authored over 330 publications, among them approximately 60 reviews and contributions to books. He has delivered more than 500 external seminars, many abroad. One aim of his public activities was to enable opinion-makers and laypersons to make informed decisions in biomedical issues. It was also an important concern of his to make clear the importance of science as an investment in the future. His multidisciplinary communication activities, in addition to his public presentations, consisted of numerous contributions and interviews on radio and television and in newspapers and magazines. Dr. Kurth presented advances in infection research in the context of other social, ethical and political questions, for example by promoting the support for disease prevention in developing countries. As a member of the German Section of the Africa Commission and as personal representative of the German Chancellor in the Task Force Initiative against the spread of infectious diseases in the Baltic Sea States, he also strove to implement these demands in a practical way. Dr. Kurth was the principal advisor of the German Federal Government on biomedical issues. He was a much sought after discussant with the German Secretary of Health and Social Security and was regularly asked to appear in the German Parliament in a number of committees. The German Chancellor regularly asked for his opinion on biomedical issues, including aspects of bioterrorism. Reinhard Kurth was married and had two grown-up children. His wife Bärbel-Maria Kurth was also his closest companion.
 
7Name:  Lord Oxburgh
 Institution:  House of Lords; Shell Transport & Trading Company
 Year Elected:  2005
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  105. Physical Earth Sciences
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1934
   
 
Lord Oxburgh played a key role in providing a dynamic basis for plate tectonics, mainly in collaboration with D. L. Turcotte, who he allegedly persuaded to abandon engineering for geophysics. Lord Oxburgh went on to become a university administrator and wrote a notorious report on U.K. earth science which advocated the concentration of resources into a small number of well-founded geology departments. Since being ennobled he has played a prominent role in U.K. government science policy (as chief scientific adviser to the Ministry of Defense from 1988-93), and as chairman of Shell Oil he has voiced widely publicized concern over global warming. Formerly a lecturer in geology (1962-78) and professor of mineralogy and petrology (1978-89) at the University of Cambridge, Lord Oxburgh has chaired the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology since 2001. He was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1978 and of the National Academy of Sciences in 2001.
 
8Name:  Sir David J. Weatherall
 Institution:  University of Oxford
 Year Elected:  2005
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1933
 Death Date:  December 8, 2018
   
 
David Weatherall was a life-long student of the thalassemias. He was involved in identifying the general molecular nature of this group of hereditary anemias and in describing the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of both alpha- and beta-thalassemias. He also studied their influence on populations in many parts of the world and the role of malaria in determining their frequency. Both clinician and scientist, editor of the Oxford Textbook of Medicine and author of The New Genetics in Clinical Practice, Dr. Weatherall has played a significant role in bringing molecular genetics into the main stream of clinical medicine. He has been associated with the University of Oxford for more than thirty years as Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine (1974-92), Regius Professor of Medicine (1992-2000) and, after 2001, Regius Professor of Medicine Emeritus and Honorary Director of the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford. In 2002 he was appointed Chancellor of Keele University. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1988); the Royal Society (vice president, 1990-91); the National Academy of Sciences (1990); and the Institute of Medicine (1990). David Weatherall was elected a member of the American Philosophical society in 2005. He died on December 8, 2018 at the age of 85.
 
Election Year
2005[X]