APS Member History

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41	Name:	Dr. Larry R. Squire
	Institution:	University of California, San Diego & Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	208. Plant Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Larry R. Squire is Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, Neurosciences, and Psychology at the University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, and Research Career Scientist at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego. He received his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and did postdoctoral study at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine before coming to UCSD. Dr. Squire investigates the organization and neurological foundations of memory. His work involves the study of neurological patients, healthy volunteers, and rodents and combines the traditions of cognitive science and neuroscience. His publications include approximately 400 research articles and two books: Memory and Brain (1987) and Memory: From Mind to Molecules (with Eric Kandel, 2nd Edition, 2008). He is Editor-in-Chief of the textbook Fundamental Neuroscience (3rd Edition) and The Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. He served as President of the Society for Neuroscience and is also a William James Fellow of the American Psychological Society. He is a recipient of the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association, the William Middleton Award from the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Charles A. Dana Award for Pioneering Achievements in Health, the McGovern Award, the Metropolitan Life Award, the Herbert Crosby Warren Medal, and the American Philosophical Society’s Karl Lashley Award. Dr. Squire was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1998.

42	Name:	Dr. Richard Taruskin
	Institution:	University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1945
	Death Date:	July 1, 2022

	Richard Taruskin is Class of 1955 Professor of Music Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. A prodigiously talented musician-scholar, he has produced masterful musicological detective work on matters ranging from the 15th century Burgundians to the late 20th century Soviets. Furthermore, he is a world-class choral conductor, specializing in performances of early music. His talents are often on display in literary journals, where a sharp mind and fluent pen set him above other musician-critics. In university seminars, dealing with the cutting edge of his discipline, he is a brilliant analyst and genial speaker; time and again, and with rare verbal felicity, he has come to eminently logical conclusions that have evaded others. Dr. Taruskin received his Ph.D. in 1975 from Columbia University, where he also taught from 1973-86. His published works include Opera and Drama in Russia (1981); Music in the Western World (1984); Antoine Busnoys: The Latin Texted Works (Masters of the Renaissance) (1989); Mussorgsky: Eight Essays and an Epilogue (1993); Stravinsky and the Russian Traditions (1995); and Text and Act: Essays on Music and Performance (1995). In 2017 he won the prestigious Kyoto Prize.

43	Name:	Dr. Tzvetan Todorov
	Institution:	CNRS, Paris
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402. Criticism: Arts and Letters
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1939
	Death Date:	February 7, 2017

	Tzvetan Todorov was a Bulgarian born historian, cultural critic and essayist who lived in France from 1963 until his death February 7, 2017, in Paris at age 77. After his pioneering early work on literary theory, he chose to explore issues of human diversity, of universalism vs. relativism and of human behavior in extreme situations. He did this with erudition, balance, and a sense of compassion - not to mention extraordinary productivity. Dr. Todorov published more than 30 books, including The Poetics of Prose (1971), Introduction to Poetics (1981), The Conquest of America (1982), Mikhail Bakhtin: The Dialogical Principle (1984), Facing the Extreme: Moral Life in the Concentration Camps (1991), On Human Diversity (1993), Hope and Memory (2000), and Imperfect Garden: The Legacy of Humanism (2002). He was a member of the Conseil National des Programmes au Ministère de l'Education Nationale and has served as visiting professor at several universities, including Harvard, Yale, Columbia and the University of California, Berkeley. His honors include the prizes Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1991), Charles Veillon (1998), Nonino (2002), Spinoza (2004), Grinzane Cavour (2007) and Prince of Asturias (2008); he also was an Officer of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. He was a Doctor honoris causa of the Universities of Sofia, Liège, Mannheim and the American University in Paris, a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur and an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Dr. Todorov held the title of Directeur de recherches honoraire at CNRS, Paris at the time of his death.

44	Name:	Mr. Paul A. Volcker
	Institution:	New York University & Princeton University
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1927
	Death Date:	December 8, 2019

	Over the course of his career, Paul A. Volcker was Chairman of the Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve System; North American Chairman of The Trilateral Commission; Chairman of Wolfensohn & Co., Inc.; and Professor of International Economic Policy at Princeton University. Educated at Princeton and Harvard Universities and the London School of Economics, Mr. Volcker divided the earlier stages of his career between the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Chase Manhattan Bank and the U.S. Treasury Department. He was chairman of the Board of Trustees of the International Accounting Standards Committee, overseeing a renewed effort to develop consistent, high-quality accounting standards acceptable in all countries. He is remembered especially for his success in lowering the inflation rate during his time as Chariman of the Federal Reserve. In November 2008 he agreed to lead the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board, a new White House economic advisory committee comprised of officials from a variety of business sectors. Paul Volcker died December 8, 2019 in New York, New York at the age of 92.

45	Name:	Dr. Frederic Wakeman
	Institution:	University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1937
	Death Date:	September 14, 2006

46	Name:	Dr. George W. Wetherill
	Institution:	Carnegie Institution of Washington
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	105. Physical Earth Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1925
	Death Date:	July 19, 2006

47	Name:	Dr. Eric F. Wieschaus
	Institution:	Howard Hughes Medical Institute & Princeton University
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	207. Genetics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1947

	Eric Wieschaus and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (who was elected to the APS in 1995) were co-winners of the 1995 Nobel Prize for discovering genes that govern the earliest stages of embryonic development. They developed an ingenious genetic screen, used it to induce mutations in such genes, and then brilliantly deduced the role of each of the genes in setting up the major axes, and then the major subdivisions, of the embryo. Dr. Wieschaus is currently an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and a professor at Princeton University, on whose faculty he has served since 1981. He earned his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1974.

48	Name:	Dr. Semir Zeki
	Institution:	University College London
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	208. Plant Sciences
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1940

	Semir Zeki is professor of neurobiology at University College London. His main research interest is the organization of the primate visual brain. His early studies on the monkey showed that different visual cortical areas are specialized for different tasks of motion, color and form. This led to the influential theory of functional specialization, not localization, in cortical areas. He then used Land's retinex techniques to study the relation of visual cortical neurons to wavelength and color, which led to the idea that color vision is a construction of the brain, not the retina. Recently he has used imaging methods to show that the principle of cortical area specialization is true also in the human brain. Dr. Zeki published his first scientific paper in 1967 and since then has written over 150 papers and three books, including A Vision of the Brain (1993), Inner Vision: an exploration of art and the brain (1999) and La Quête de l'essentiel, which he co-authored with the late French painter Balthus. In 1994, he began to study the neural basis of creativity and the aesthetic appreciation of art. In 2001, he founded the Institute of Neuroesthetics, based mainly in Berkeley, California. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (London), a member of the Academia Europeae and of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. His awards include the Minerva Foundation Prize, the LVMH Science pour l'art Prize, the Rank Prize in opto-electronics, the Electronic Imaging Award, the Koetser Prize and the King Faisal International Prize in Biology.

49	Name:	Dr. Ahmed H. Zewail
	Institution:	California Institute of Technology & NSF Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1946
	Death Date:	August 2, 2016

	Ahmed Zewail was the 1999 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. He was the Linus Pauling Chair Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics and the Director of the Physical Biology Center at the California Institute of Technology until his death on August 2, 2016, at the age of 70. Dr. Zewail was educated in Egypt and received his B.S. and M.S. from Alexandria University and his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. His research interests were directed towards the development of new methodology for understanding the dynamical behavior of life molecules in space and time. Dr. Zewail was the recipient of honors and awards from around the world, including Egyptian postage stamps issued to honor his contributions to science and humanity. He held some 30 honorary degrees in science, medicine, philosophy, law, arts and humane letters. A member of numerous international academies, Ahmed Zewail was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1998.

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