American Philosophical Society
Member History

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1Name:  Dr. Ernest Andre Gellner
 Institution:  University of Cambridge
 Year Elected:  1993
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  302. Economics
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1925
 Death Date:  11/5/95
   
2Name:  Sir Anthony Kenny
 Institution:  University of Oxford
 Year Elected:  1993
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1931
   
 
Anthony Kenny was a fellow and tutor in philosophy at Balliol College Oxford, where he was subsequently Master. Later (1988-98) he was Warden of Rhodes House, Oxford. He has been President of the British Academy and Chair of the British Library. He has written some forty books on philosophy and history and is currrently Emeritus Fellow at St. John's College, Oxford.
 
3Name:  Sir Hans Kornberg
 Institution:  Boston University
 Year Elected:  1993
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1928
 Death Date:  December 16, 2019
   
 
Hans Kornberg immigrated to England at the age of 11 as a refugee from Nazi Germany. He was educated at various boarding schools and at the University of Sheffield, from which he graduated with degrees of B.Sc. and Ph.D. From 1953-55 he held a Commonwealth Fund Fellowship at Yale and the University of California, Berkeley and the Public Health Research Institute of the City of New York, returning to England as a Member of Scientific Staff, Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Cell Metabolism at Oxford. In 1958, he was awarded the degree of M.A. (Oxon.) and was also appointed Lecturer in Biochemistry at Worchester College, University of Oxford. In 1960, at the age of 32, Hans Kornberg was elected as the first Professor of Biochemistry in the University of Leicester; a year later, he was awarded the degree of D.Sc. of the University of Oxford and, at the age of 37, was elected into the Fellowship of the Royal Society. In 1975, Professor Kornberg was appointed to the Sir William Dunn Chair of Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge and elected into a Fellowship of Christ's College; in 1982 he was elected Master of that College. He held both posts until reaching the (mandatory) retirement age of 67 in 1995; he was awarded the degree of ScD. (Cantab.) in 1976. Sir Hans' scientific researches were mainly aimed at understanding the molecular basis of metabolic processes that enable micro-organisms to utilize simple compounds as their sole source of carbon for energy and for growth and the factors that regulate the occurrence of such processes. He published over 250 articles and his research led to numerous awards and distinctions. Professor Kornberg was knighted in 1978 and received 12 honorary doctorates from universities in the U.K., the U.S.A., Australia, and Germany. He was a Member of the German Academy of Science Leopoldina and the Academia Europaeae and was a Foreign Member or Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Academia Nazionale dei Lincei. Sir Hans was an Honorary Member of the British, American, German and Japanese Biochemical Societies; a Fellow of the Institute of Biology, of the Royal Society of Arts, and of the American Academy of Microbiology; and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (London), of Brasenose and Worcester Colleges (Oxford), and of Wolfson College (Cambridge). In 1996, he was elected an Honorary Member of Phi Beta Kappa. He received the Colworth Medal of the Biochemical Society and the Otto Warburg Medal of the German Society for Biological Chemistry. Sir Hans held a number of posts in U.K. governmental and non-governmental organizations. He served as President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, of the Association for Science Education, and of The Biochemical Society and as Chairman of the Science Board of the Science Research Council, of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, and of the Advisory Committee on Genetic Modification. He also served as a Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University, as a Trustee of the Nuffield Foundation, as a Governor of the Wellcome Trust, and as a member of many advisory committees. In a wider context, he chaired the Advanced Studies Institutes Panel of NATO, was President of the International Union of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and was an Honorary or Emeritus Governor of the Weizmann Institute and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Beginning in 1995, Sir Hans held a dual appointment as University Professor and Professor of Biology at Boston University, where he taught both in the UNI and in biology. He also actively engaged in research on carbohydrate transport mechanisms in Escherichia coli. Hans Kornberg died December 16, 2019 in Falmouth, Massachusetts at the age of 91.
 
4Name:  Lord Martin Rees
 Institution:  University of Cambridge
 Year Elected:  1993
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  101. Astronomy
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1942
   
 
Martin Rees is Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics and Master of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. He holds the honorary title of Astronomer Royal and also Visiting Professor at Imperial College London and at Leicester University. After studying at the University of Cambridge, he held post-doctoral positions in the UK and the USA, before becoming a professor at Sussex University. In 1973, he became a fellow of King's College and Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy at Cambridge (continuing in the latter post until 1991) and served for ten years as director of Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy. From 1992 to 2003 he was a Royal Society Research Professor. He is a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Pontifical Academy, and several other foreign academies. His awards include the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Balzan International Prize, the Bruce Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, the Heineman Prize for Astrophysics (AAS/AIP), the Bower Award for Science of the Franklin Institute, the Cosmology Prize of the Peter Gruber Foundation, the Einstein Award of the World Cultural Council, the Crafoord Prize (Royal Swedish Academy), the Lewis Thomas Prize (2009) from Rockefeller University in recognition of his book Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe (2000), the 2011 Templeton Prize, and the 2012 Isaac Newton medal of the Institute of Physics. He has been president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1994-95) and the Royal Astronomical Society (1992-94) and a trustee of the British Museum, NESTA and the Kennedy Memorial Trust. He is currently on the Board of Trustees of the National Museum of Science and Industry the Institute for Public Policy Research, and the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study, and has served on many bodies connected with education, space research, arms control and international collaboration in science. In 2005 he was appointed to the House of Lords and elected President of the Royal Society. He is the author or co-author of more than 500 research papers, mainly on astrophysics and cosmology, and of numerous magazine and newspaper articles on scientific and general subjects. He is the author of several books, including From Here to Infinity: Scientific Horizons (2011) and On the Future (2018). He has broadcast and lectured widely and held various visiting professorships, etc. His main current research interests are high energy astrophysics, cosmic structure formation and general cosmological issues.
 
5Name:  Sir John Meurig Thomas
 Institution:  The Royal Institution of Great Britain & University of Cambridge
 Year Elected:  1993
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1932
 Death Date:  November 13, 2020
   
 
Professor Sir John Meurig Thomas was born in December 1932 in South Wales. The son of a coalminer, Sir John's interest in science was greatly aroused as a teenager when his physics mistress talked about the life and work of Michael Faraday, who has remained one of his scientific heroes. He graduated with a Bachelor's degree from the University of Wales, Swansea, and completed his Ph.D. at the University of London. His first academic appointment (1958) was at the University of Wales, Bangor, where inter alia he demonstrated the profound influence that dislocations and other structural imperfections exert upon the chemical, electronic and surface properties of solids. He became Professor and Head of Chemistry at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1969, where he broadened his interests in solid-state, surface and materials chemistry and pioneered the application of electron microscopy in chemistry. In 1978 he became Head of the Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Cambridge, where his development of new techniques in solid-state and materials science and his design and synthesis of new catalysts progressed greatly. From 1986-91 he was Director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, where he occupied the chair that was created for Michael Faraday. He was also Director of the Davy Faraday Research Laboratory. At Cambridge he extended his earlier electron microscopic and surface studies of mineral and intercalates to encompass the synthesis and structural determination of zeolitic materials by a combination of solid-state NMR, neutron scattering and real-space imaging. At London he added synchrotron radiaton to his armoury and devised techniques which combine X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction to determine the atomic structure of active sites of solid catalysts under operating conditions. He has also designed new microporous and mesoporous catalysts, onto the inner surfaces of which active centres (for isomerizations, epoxidation, chiral hygrogenations and chiral amination) were grafted from organo-metallic precursors. He has also devised molecular sieve catalysts that convert n-alkanes to n-alkanol, cyclohexane or cyclohexene to adipic acid, n-hexane to adipic acid and cyclohexanone to its oxime and caprolactam, all in air under solvent-free conditions. One of his inventions, the single-step, solvent-free catalytic synthesis of ethyl acetate, is the basis of a 220,000 ton p.a. plant in the U.K., the largest of its kind in the world. One of his most significant recent catalytic innovations is the boosting of the enamtioselectivity of asymmetric organometallic catalysts by constraining them within mesoporous supports. This has been multiply patented (2003) by German industry as a means of producing enantiomerically enriched hydroxycarboxylic esters. He is the author of over 950 research papers and twenty patents, of two definitive university texts on heterogeneous catalysis (1967 and 1997), and of Michael Faraday and the Royal Institution: The Genius of Man and Place (1991; Japanese translation, 1994; Italian translation, 2006), and co-editor of many other monographs. His awards include the Davy Medal and the Bakerian and Rutherford Lectureships of the Royal Society, the Faraday Medal, Longstaff Medal and four others of the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Messel Gold Medal of the Society of Chemical Industry, the Semenov Centenary Medal and the Kapitza Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Science, the Willard Gibbs Gold Medal of the American Chemical Society, the Royal Medal (Queen's Medal), and the first recipient of the Award for Creative Research in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis, also of the American Chemical Society. In 1995 the European Federation of Catalyst Societies (EFCATS), representing 24 national societies, chose him to give the first series of François Gault Lectures at 12 centers in 6 European countries. An FRS since 1977, in 1999 he was elected Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering for work that "has profoundly added to the science-base of heterogeneous catalysis leading to the commercial exploitation of zeolites through engineering processes". He was a Foreign Member or Hon. Foreign Fellow of fifteen other national and international academies and holds numerous honorary doctorates from Australian, British, Canadian, Chinese, Dutch, Egyptian, French, Italian, Spanish and U.S. universities. In 2000 The Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis Society of America held a symposium in his honour at their annual convention in Philadelphia, In September 2002 an International Symposium of Catalysis was held in London by the Royal Society of Chemistry to celebrate his 70th birthday. Stanford University awarded him the Linus Pauling gold medal in 2003 for his contributions to the advancement of science, and the Italian Chemical Society presented him with its Guilio Natta Gold Medal for meritorious work in catalysis. In 2007 the International Precious Metal Institute awarded him its Distinguished Achievement Award for "pioneering contributions to the field of heterogeneous catalysis using precious metals over a long, distinguished career." In 2010, he was awarded three lectureships: the Bragg Prize lecturship of the British Crystallographic Association, the Sven Beggren Prize lectureship of the Royal Lund Physiographic Academy, and the Ertl Prize lectureship of the Max Planck Gessellschaft. One of the world's most highly cited chemists, Sir John was founding co-editor-in-chief of Catalysis Letters (1987), Topics in Catalysis (1992), and Current Opinion in Solid-State and Materials Science (1996). He has done much to popularize science amoung young people and adult lay audiences, giving numerous lecture-demonstrations, radio, television, and national Portrait Gallery talks: his Royal Institution Christmas Lectures on crystals were broadcast on BBC national TV in 1987. He served (1982-85) as a science advisor in the U.K. Government Cabinet Office Committee, as Chairman of CHEMRAWN (chemical research applied to world needs), and Trustee of the Science Museum and of the Natural History Museum, London. In 1991 he was knighted for his services to chemistry and the popularization of science. In recognition of his contributions to geochemistry, a new mineral, meurigite, was name after him in 1995. John Meurig Thomas was Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at the Davy Faraday Research Laboratory, the Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, and Honorary Professor at the Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge. From 1993-2002 he was Master of Peterhouse, the oldest college in the University of Cambridge. He is Vice President of the Cambridge University Musical Society. Sir John died on November 13, 2020, at age 87.
 
6Name:  Dr. Rüdiger Wehner
 Institution:  University of Zürich
 Year Elected:  1993
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  208. Plant Sciences
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1940
   
 
Rudiger Wehner is among the best scientists in Switzerland in the fields of animal behavior and behavioral ecology as well as in sensory physiology and the neurobiology of vision. A pioneer who unraveled the mechanisms of polarized light vision and celestial navigation in insects (ants and bees), including landmark orientations, he also succeeded in describing in detail the celestial compass and found an intellectual short cut to the insect brain. More recently Dr. Wehner turned his interests to ecological constraints and orientation in extreme desert habitats. Among his main contributions to zoology in general is his very valuable book Zoologie (with W. Gehring) that demonstrates Dr. Wehner's broad knowledge of the field. A former student of Martin Lindauer, Dr. Wehner is currently a professor in the Department of Zoology at the University of Zurich, where he has been a full professor since 1974. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Frankfurt in 1967.
 
7Name:  Arthur Wellesley
 Institution:  Wellington College
 Year Elected:  1993
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1915
 Death Date:  December 31, 2014
   
 
Arthur Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington, was a British peer and retired brigadier in the British Army. Born in Rome in 1915, he attended Eton and New College, Oxford before joining the British Army and serving in World War II. He became defense attache to Spain in 1964 and retired from the army in 1968 as a brigadier, receiving the Military Cross for his service. Beginning in the mid-1960s the Duke has served as director of Massey Ferguson Holdings, Ltd. And as governor of Wellington College. He was also vice president of the Royal British Legion, president of the Atlantic Salmon Trust and vice president of the Kennel Club. An effective promoter of conservation and environmental programs, he led organizations such as the Game Conservancy, the Council for Environmental Conservation and the Rare Breeds Survival Trust and opened the estate of the original Duke of Wellington for public enjoyment, planting more than one million trees throughout the 550-acre preserve. He died December 31, 2014, at the age of 99.
 
Election Year
1993[X]