American Philosophical Society
Member History

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1Name:  Dr. Carlos H. Baker
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1909
 Death Date:  4/18/87
   
2Name:  Dr. Nicolaas Bloembergen
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  106. Physics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1920
 Death Date:  September 5, 2017
   
 
Nicolaas Bloembergen was born in Dordrecht, the Netherlands, in 1920. He obtained his Phil. Cand. and Phil. Drs. Degrees in physics at the University of Utrecht. In 1946 he came to the United States and worked with Professor E.M. Purcell at Harvard on Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation. This was the title of his Ph.D. thesis, submitted at the University of Leiden in 1948, where he was a research fellow in the Kamerkingh Onnes Laboratory. He returned to Harvard University in 1949 as a Junior Fellow in the Society of Fellows, became Associate Professor of Applied Physics in 1951, Gordon McKay Professor in 1957, Rumford Professor of Physics in 1974, and Gerhard Gade University Professor in 1981. Since 1990 he has been professor emeritus. He then held an honorary professorship in the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona. His research was concerned with nuclear and electron paramagnetic resonance, microwave masers and nonlinear optics. He had supervised fifty-seven Ph.D. theses, and a similar number of post-doctoral fellows have worked in his laboratory. He was the author or co-author of over three hundred scientific papers published in professional journals and had written two monographs: Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation (republished 1961) and Nonlinear Optics (1965). He was a recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1981, the Lorentz Medal of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences in 1978, and the National Medal of Science in 1974. He also received the Medal of Honor of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, the Frederick Ives Medal of the Optical Society of America and the Stuart Ballantine Medal of the Franklin Institute. He was a member of various academies in the United States and abroad. In addition to his service on the faculty of the Arts and Sciences at Harvard University for four decades, he was a visiting professor in Paris, Leiden, Bangalore, Munich, Berkeley, and Pasadena. Furthermore, he had served on numerous advisory committees of U.S. government agencies and of industrial and academic institutions and on several editorial boards of scientific publications. In 1991 he was president of the American Physical Society. Nicolaas Bloembergen died September 5, 2017, in Tucson, Arizona, at the age of 97.
 
3Name:  Dr. Jerome Bruner
 Institution:  New York University
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1915
 Death Date:  June 5, 2016
   
 
Psychologist Jerome Bruner was a prolific contributor of original ideas and research findings on perception, cognition, attention, learning, memory and early language acquisition and problem solving in young children. Born in New York City and educated at Duke and Harvard Universities, he worked as a social psychologist during World War II before becoming a professor of psychology at Harvard and cofounder and director of the Center for Cognitive Studies. In the 1940s Dr. Bruner worked with Leo Postman to study the ways in which needs, motivations and expectations influence perception, and later in the 1950s he became interested in studying aspects of schooling in the United States. The result of this latter quest, the landmark book The Process of Education (1960), had a direct effect on American educational policy, as it portrayed young students as active problem solvers who were ready to explore difficult subjects. Dr. Bruner developed his theory of cognitive growth throughout the 1960s and went on to become a professor of experimental psychology at Oxford University, where he began a series of explorations of children's language. He returned to Harvard University in 1979 and two years later joined the faculty of the School for Social Research in New York. He turned his attention to cultural psychology in later years, most significantly in his 1996 book The Culture of Education. Since 1986 he worked on cultural-psychological foundations of the law and teaching at the New York University School of Law, where he was University Professor. Jerome Bruner died June 5, 2016, at age 100, in Manhattan, New York.
 
4Name:  Rev. Professor Henry Chadwick
 Institution:  University of Cambridge & Christ Church & University of Oxford
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1920
 Death Date:  June 17, 2008
   
5Name:  Dr. David P. Eastburn
 Institution:  Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1921
 Death Date:  October 11, 2005
   
6Name:  Sir John Elliott
 Institution:  University of Oxford
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  404a
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1930
 Death Date:  March 10, 2022
   
 
Sir John Elliott was born in Reading, England, on June 23, 1930. He was brought up in Surrey, where his father was headmaster of a preparatory school, and won a scholarship at the age of thirteen to Eton College. After military service, he went to Cambridge University in 1949 with a scholarship in modern languages but read history at Cambridge, where he won a First Class with distinction in both parts of the Historical Tripos. From 1952-55 he did research in the history of seventeenth-century Spain under the direction of Herbert Butterfield and was awarded a Ph. D. in 1955 for a thesis on the Catalan revolt of 1640, subsequently published in 1963 under the title of The Revolt of the Catalans. On the strength of this thesis he was also elected into a Research Fellowship at Trinity College, Cambridge and subsequently was appointed a teaching Fellow of the College and University Lecturer in History. In 1958 he married Oonah Sophia Butler. From 1968-73 he was Professor of History and Head of the History Department of King's College, University of London. In 1973 he and his wife moved to the United States when he was appointed a Professor in the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. In 1990 he returned to England following his appointment as Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford, and he held the chair until his retirement in 1997. He is now an Honorary Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, to which the Regius chair is attached, and also of Trinity College, Cambridge. As a historian he has concentrated primarily on Early Modern Spain, Europe and the Americas. Among his publications, in addition to The Revolt of the Catalans, are Imperial Spain, 1469-1716 (1963); Europe Divided, 1559-1598 (1968); The Old World and the New, 1492-1650 (1970); A Palace for a King: The Buen Retiro and the Court of Philip IV, in collaboration with Jonathan Brown (1980); Richelieu and Olivares (1984); The Count-Duke of Olivares (1986); Spain and its World (1989). Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 was published in 2006. His honors and prizes include the Wolfson Prize for History (1986), the Prince of Asturias Prize for the Social Sciences (1996), the Balzan Prize for History, awarded by the International Balzan Foundation (1999) and the Francis Parkman Prize of the Society of American Historians (2007). Sir John holds several honorary doctorates, and in 1994 was knighted for his services to history. He also holds the Spanish orders of the Grand Cross of Alfonso el Sabio, and of Isabel la Católica.
 
7Name:  Dr. Helen Gardner
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1908
 Death Date:  6/4/86
   
8Name:  Dr. A. Barlett Giamatti
 Institution:  National League
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1938
 Death Date:  9/1/89
   
9Name:  Mr. William T. Golden
 Institution:  American Museum of Natural History & American Association for the Advancement of Science
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1909
 Death Date:  October 7, 2007
   
 
William T. Golden is chairman emeritus of the American Museum of Natural History and an officer and trustee of several scientific and educational organizations including the New York Academy of Sciences (honorary life member, life governor, former president); the American Association for the Advancement of Science (treasurer emeritus); the Carnegie Institution of Washington (secretary emeritus); Mount Sinai Medical Center, Hospital and Medical School (vice chairman emeritus); the National Humanities Center (emeritus); the Hebrew Free Loan Society (treasurer emeritus); Barnard College (vice chairman emeritus); and the Black Rock Forest Consortium (chairman emeritus). He is also a director of several business corporations including General American Investors Company and Block Drug Company. Mr. Golden was co-chairman (with Joshua Lederberg) of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government. As Special Assistant to President Truman he designed the first President’s Science Advisory apparatus in 1950 and was presidential adviser on the initial program of the National Science Foundation. He served as an officer in the US Navy on active duty throughout World War II, and has served in the Atomic Energy Commission, the Department of State, and the Executive Office of the President. He received the Distinguished Public Service Award of the National Science Foundation in 1982 and its Special Tribute of Appreciation from the National Science Board in 1991. He is a member of the American Philosophical Society (vice president, 1992-98); the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; the Royal Society of Arts (Benjamin Franklin Fellow), London; and the National Academy of Public Administration. He is an alumnus of the University of Pennsylvania (AB, 1930) and of Columbia University (MA in Biology, 1979). He has been awarded honorary doctorates by the University of Pennsylvania, Columbia University, Polytechnic University, Hamilton College, Bard College, the City University of New York Graduate School, and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University. In 1995 he received the Benjamin Franklin Award for Distinguished Public Service from the American Philosophical Society; in 1996 the Public Welfare Medal of the National Academy of Sciences (its highest honor); in 2001 the Scholar-Patriot Award of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; and in 2002 the Lifetime Achievement Award of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Mr. Golden is editor and co-author of Science Advice to the President (Pergamon Press, 1980; second edition, AAAS Press, 1993); Science and Technology Advice to the President, Congress, and Judiciary (Pergamon Press, 1988; second edition, AAAS Press, 1993); Worldwide Science and Technology Advice to the Highest Levels of Governments (Pergamon Press, 1991). Distributed by Transaction Publishers; and guest editor with J. Thomas Ratchford of Science, Engineering, and Technology in Government and Industry Around the World: Translating Knowledge into Power and Wealth (Elsevier Science Ltd., 1997); published as a special issue of Technology In Society: An International Journal, Vol. 19, Numbers 3/4. April 2004
 
10Name:  Dr. H. S. Gutowsky
 Institution:  University of Illinois
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1919
 Death Date:  January 13, 2000
   
11Name:  Dr. Brooke Hindle
 Institution:  Smithsonian Institution
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  303. History Since 1715
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1918
 Death Date:  June 3, 2001
   
12Name:  Dr. David H. Hubel
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  209. Neurobiology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1926
 Death Date:  September 22, 2013
   
 
David Hubel received the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Torsten Wiesel, for his pioneering work on the functioning of the visual system of mammals. His studies have shown how the visual cortex develops physiologically and how it records what the eye sees. This work has led to new understanding and treatment of childhood eye afflictions and to studies of cortical plasticity. Born in Ontario, Canada in 1926, Dr. Hubel received his M.D. from McGill University in 1951. He worked at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1952-59 and at Walter Reed Hospital, where he began comparing the activity of sensory cells in waking and sleeping animals. Dr. Hubel had been a member of the Harvard Medical School faculty since 1959 and was Research Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard University at the time of his death. David Hubel died September 22, 2013, at age 87, in Lincoln, Massachusetts.
 
13Name:  Dr. David S. Landes
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  303. History Since 1715
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1924
 Death Date:  August 17, 2013
   
 
David Landes received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1953. He taught economics at Columbia University (1952-58) and economics and history at the University of California, Berkeley (1958-64) before returning to Harvard as a professor of history in 1964. He has taught at Harvard ever since as professor of history (1964-72), Roy B. Williams Professor of History and Politics (1972-75), Robert Walton Gallet Professor of French History (1975-81) and Coolidge Professor of History (1981-1997), Emeritus (1997-). Early on, Dr. Landes established his reputation through studies on nineteenth century French and German banking, the best known of which was a study of French investment in Egypt. He is the author of numerous books, including The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe, 1750 to the Present (1969), The Wealth and Poverty of Nations (1998), Revolution in Time (2000), and Fortunes and Misfortunes of the World's Great Family Businesses (2006). In addition to his distinguished career at Harvard, Dr. Landes also presided over the Economic History Association and chaired the Council on Research in Economic History. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1982. David Landes died August 17, 2013, at the age of 89 in Haverford, Pennsylvania.
 
14Name:  Prof. Seymour Martin Lipset
 Institution:  Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars; George Mason University; Hoover Institution, Stanford University
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1922
 Death Date:  December 31, 2006
   
15Name:  Dr. Beatrice Mintz
 Institution:  Fox Chase Cancer Center
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  207. Genetics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1921
 Death Date:  January 3, 2022
   
 
Beatrice Mintz is Jack Schultz Chair in Basic Science at the Fox Chase Cancer Center's Institute for Cancer Research, where she has been a senior memeber since 1965. Among her many scientific accomplishments, she is credited with the development of techniques for fusing mouse embryos of different genetic strains and the analysis of development using such allophenic animals. Dr. Mintz has also managed to reverse the malignancy of cancer cells by introducing them into the blastocyst of a genetically different mouse strain, whereupon the cancer cells take part in normal development of tissues and, over multiple generations, show no reversion to malignancy. Dr. Mintz's current research focuses on melanoma. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, she has also taught biology at the University of Chicago and medical genetics at the University of Pennsylvania. She earned a Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1946.
 
16Name:  Alva Myrdal
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1902
 Death Date:  2/1/86
   
17Name:  Dr. Gunnar Myrdal
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1898
 Death Date:  5/17/87
   
18Name:  Dr. Tullio Regge
 Institution:  Institute of Theoretical Physics, Turin
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  106. Physics
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1931
 Death Date:  October 23, 2014
   
 
Tullio Regge was an Italian theoretical physicist known for his introduction of geometrical principles to the formulation of what have come to be called "Regge poles" and the "Regge calculus," a simplified form of general relativity. A graduate of the University of Rochester (Ph.D., 1956), Dr. Regge served as Professor of Theory and Relativity at the University of Turin beginning in 1962. For 12 years he was also a member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University (1967-79). Winner of the 1996 Dirac Medal, Dr. Regge had also been awarded the Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics (1964), the Einstein Medal (1979) and Cecil Powell Medal (1987). In 1989 he was elected to the European Parliament. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1982. He died October 23, 2014, at the age of 83.
 
19Name:  Dr. Erica Reiner
 Institution:  University of Chicago
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1924
 Death Date:  December 31, 2005
   
20Name:  Mr. Charles Scribner
 Institution:  Charles Scribner's Sons
 Year Elected:  1982
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1921
 Death Date:  11/11/95
   
Election Year
1982[X]
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