APS Member History

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21	Name:	Dr. Gordon N. Ray
	Year Elected:	1977
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	12/15/86

22	Name:	Dr. Edwin E. Salpeter
	Institution:	Cornell University
	Year Elected:	1977
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	November 25, 2008

	A recognized leader in the broad areas between physics, atomic theory and astrophysics, Edwin E. Salpeter is a theoretical physicist and J. G. White Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Physical Sciences at Cornell University, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1949. His recent interests include high velocity gas clouds and galaxy clusters and superclusters. Born in Austria in 1924, Dr. Salpeter holds a Ph.D. from the University of Birmingham, where he was also a research fellow in science and industry. In 1951 he explained how the triple-alpha reaction could make carbon from helium in stars, and he then went on to investigate the effects of nuclear physics on stellar evolution, deriving the initial mass function from stellar evolution and the observed abundances of stars of different luminosities. Dr. Salpeter has contributed many articles to scientific journals on problems of atomic physics, quantum electrodynamics, nuclear theory, energy production in stars and theoretical astrophysics and has also been involved in the study of synapses in neurobiology and epidemiology and Meta-analysis in medicine. A former vice president of the American Astronomical Society, Dr. Salpeter is the recipient of awards including the Bruce Medal (1987), the Bethe Prize (1999) and the Crafoord Prize (1997). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

23	Name:	Dr. Eliot Stellar
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1977
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1919
	Death Date:	10/12/93

24	Name:	Sir Gordon Sutherland
	Year Elected:	1977
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	6/27/80

25	Name:	Eric Turner
	Year Elected:	1977
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1911
	Death Date:	4/20/83

26	Name:	Dr. James D. Watson
	Institution:	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
	Year Elected:	1977
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	207. Genetics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1928

	James Watson earned a Ph.D. in zoology at the University of Indiana in 1950. He completed his postgraduate work at the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge, and in the process, working with Francis Crick discovered the double helical structure of DNA using X-ray diffraction methods originally implemented by physicist Maurice Wilkins. For this monumental discovery the three men were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. Watson was a member of the faculty at Harvard University from 1955-76. He became the director of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in 1968 and served as its president, then chancellor from 1994 to 2007. He was associate director at the National Center for Human Genome Research of the NIH from 1988-89 and its director from 1989-92. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and the National Medal of Science in 1997. The American Philosophical Society's 2001 Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in Science was awarded jointly to Francis H. C. Crick and James D. Watson. The citation on the prize certificate read, "In recognition of the determination of the structure of DNA, with Francis H. C. Crick, in 1953. Their brilliant discovery is universally recognized as one of the seminal events in biology in the twentieth century. The structure elegantly explained how DNA could replicate with the utmost fidelity. Their work launched one of the most productive areas of biological science - molecular biology." Dr. Watson is the author of Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965, 4th edition, 1986); The Double Helix (1968); The DNA Story, 1981; (with others) The Molecular Biology of the Cell (1983, 2nd edition, 1989, 3rd edition, 1994); (with J. Tooze and D. Kurtz) Recombinant DNA, A Short Course (1983, 2nd edition, 1992); A Passion for DNA (2000); Genes, Girls and Gamow (2001); DNA: The Secret of Life (2003); Darwin (foreword and commentary, 2005); Recombinant DNA: Genes and Genomes - A Short Course (with others, 2007); and Avoid Boring People (2007). Dr. Watson was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1977.

27	Name:	Dr. Alvin M. Weinberg
	Institution:	Oak Ridge Associated Universities
	Year Elected:	1977
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	October 18, 2006

28	Name:	Dr. Harry Woolf
	Institution:	Institute for Advanced Study
	Year Elected:	1977
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1923
	Death Date:	January 6, 2003

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