APS Member History

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1	Name:	Dr. Robert Heinz Abeles
	Institution:	Brandeis University
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1926
	Death Date:	June 18, 2000

2	Name:	Dr. Allen J. Bard
	Institution:	University of Texas at Austin
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1933

	In a career spanning more than 40 years at the University of Texas, Allen J. Bard has a distinguished research record in physical chemistry and electrochemistry. Currently the Hackerman-Welch Regents Chair of Chemistry, he has made fundamental contributions to photoelectrochemistry and heterogeneous photocatalysis and has been a pioneer in electrochemiluminescence. He has also been a major contributor to the physical characterization of electrodes modified with polymers, clays, and other multicomponent arrays. His work in basic science constitutes the underpinning of many industrial processes dealing with corrosion, electrolysis, and electrolytic purification, the production of photoelectrochemical diodes, electrochemistry in novel solvents under extreme conditions, electrochemical microscopy, and photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopy. Dr. Bard is the recipient of numerous awards, including the Bruno Breyer Memorial Award of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute, the Luigi Galvani Medal of the Societá Chimica Italiana, the Sigillum Magnum of the Università di Bologna, the Award in Chemical Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences, the Welch Foundation Award in Chemistry, and the 2012 National Medal of Science. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1999.

3	Name:	Dr. Jacqueline K. Barton
	Institution:	California Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1952

	Jacqueline K. Barton is the John G. Kirkwood and Arthur A. Noyes Professor of Chemistry, Emerita at the California Institute of Technology. She earned her A.B. at Barnard College and her Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry at Columbia University (1979). After a postdoctoral fellowship at Bell Laboratories and Yale University, she became an assistant professor at Hunter College, City University of New York. Soon after, she returned to Columbia University, becoming Professor of Chemistry in 1986. In the fall of 1989, she joined the faculty at Caltech, and from 2009-2019, she served as Chair of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Professor Barton has pioneered the application of transition metal complexes to probe recognition and reactions of double helical DNA. In particular, she has carried out studies to elucidate electron transfer chemistry mediated by the DNA double helix, a basis for understanding long range DNA-mediated signaling in DNA damage, repair, and replication. Through this research, she has trained more than 100 graduate and postdoctoral students. Professor Barton has also served the chemistry community through her service on government and industrial boards. She served as a Director of the Dow Chemical Company for over twenty years and currently serves as a Director of Gilead Sciences. Professor Barton has received many awards. These include the NSF Waterman Award, the American Chemical Society (ACS) Award in Pure Chemistry, a MacArthur Foundation fellowship, and the National Academy of Sciences Award in the Chemical Sciences. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, and the Royal Society of Chemistry. She received the 2010 National Medal of Science from President Obama, the 2015 ACS Priestley Medal, the highest award of the ACS, and the 2023 the Welch Award in Chemistry. Jacqueline Barton was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1999 and became Vice President in 2021.

4	Name:	Dr. Wm. Theodore de Bary
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1919
	Death Date:	July 14, 2017

	Wm. Theodore de Bary began his career as a teacher at Columbia in 1949 when he undertook to develop the undergraduate general education program in Asian Studies. For this he developed basic source readings in Asian Civilizations for India, China, Japan and now Korea. These volumes dealing with the major traditions of Asia, published in 1958-60, have seen wide use in colleges and universities throughout the United States and abroad. They have now been supplemented by over 140 other texts and translations for use in general educations on Asia. As chair of the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures from 1960-66 and as first director of the National Defense Languages and Area Center he led a major expansion of the language programs in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. From 1969-70 he was President of the Association for Asian Studies. From 1969-71 he served as the first chair of the Executive Committee of the University Senate. From 1971-78 as Provost of the University, among other duties, Dr. de Bary assisted in the renovation and expansion of the East Asian Library and established the Heyman Center for the Humanities, which includes among other programs, offices and a reading room for the Human Rights Program. In 1974, Dr. de Bary was elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and in 1999 to the American Philosophical Society. He had received honorary degrees from St. Lawrence University, Loyola University in Chicago, and Columbia. Professor de Bary's scholarly work focused on the major religious and intellectual traditions of East Asia, especially Confucianism in China, Japan and Korea. Among the more than twenty-five works authored by him, he has dealt principally with the issues of civil society and human rights in China. They include Asian Values and Human Rights (1998) and Nobility and Civility: Asian Ideals of Leadership and the Common Good (2004). In 2014 he was awarded the National Humanities Medal. Wm. Theodore de Bary died July 14, 2017, at age 97, in Tappan, New York.

5	Name:	Dr. Sheila E. Blumstein
	Institution:	Brown University
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1944

	Sheila E. Blumstein is the Albert D. Mead Professor of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences at Brown University. A 1965 graduate of the University of Rochester, she received a Ph.D. in linguistics from Harvard University in 1970, and came to Brown one month later as assistant professor of linguistics. She was promoted to associate professor in 1976, became a full professor in 1981, and was named the Albert D. Mead Professor of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences in 1991. She is also a research associate at the Harold Goodglass Aphasia Research Center. Dr. Blumstein has held a number of administrative positions at Brown including chair of the Department of Linguistics, founding chair of the Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, dean of the college, interim provost, and interim president. Dr. Blumstein's research is focused on the processes and mechanisms involved in language speaking and understanding and its neural basis. An internationally recognized expert in neurolinguistics and speech processing, Dr. Blumstein has received numerous academic honors, including a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Claude Pepper Investigator Award, a Radcliffe Institute Fellowship, and election as a Fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. She has served on a wide range of advisory and review committees for the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation and has been an officer and member of the Academy of Aphasia and of the Linguistics section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She has served on the editorial boards of Cognition and Brain and Language and is currently an advisory editor to Brain and Language.

6	Name:	Sir John Boardman
	Institution:	University of Oxford
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	403. Cultural Anthropology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1927

	Sir John Boardman is a scholar of classical archaeology and art, with experience in Greece (assistant director of the British School at Athens), museums (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford) and teaching (as reader and professor at Oxford University). His works include excavation publication (Chios, Crete, Libya), a series of handbooks on Greek sculpture and vases, monographs on Greek gem engraving, and various broader archaeological studies, several of them embracing the archaeology and history of the Near East and central Asia. He is a member of various academies, including the British Academy and the Institut de France, and holds honorary doctorates from Paris and Athens.

7	Name:	Dr. Phyllis Pray Bober
	Institution:	Bryn Mawr College
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1920
	Death Date:	June 1, 2002

8	Name:	Dr. John Cairns
	Institution:	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1923
	Death Date:	November 5, 2017

	John Cairns spent his research life studying natural ecosystems and how perturbations of various types affect them. His most widely acclaimed publications discussed factors causing stressed ecosystems and their restoration. He made extensive use of statistics and validation predictive models. For decades he used complex multivariant systems in his studies of microcosms and mesacosms. His work on reestablishment of damaged habitats is particularly important today because of the damage done to our planet. Dr. Cairns received his Ph.D. and M.S. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania and completed a postdoctoral course in isotope methodology at Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia. He was Curator of Limnology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 18 years and has taught at various universities and field stations, including Virginia Polytechnic University, where was Professor Emeritus beginning in 1995. Dr. Cairns' professional certifications included Qualified Fishery Administrator by the American Fisheries Society, Senior Ecologist by the Ecological Society of America, and the Academy of Board Certified Environmental Professionals. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences; the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the Linnean Society of London; and the American Microscopical Society, of which he was president. He has over 1,500 publications to his credit. John Cairns died on November 5, 2017 at age 94, in Blacksburg, Virginia.

9	Name:	Dr. James Watson Cronin
	Institution:	University of Chicago
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	August 25, 2016

	James Watson Cronin received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. He was an assistant physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory for three years before joining the faculty at Princeton University in 1955. In 1971 he became a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Chicago, where he remained for the rest of his career. In 1980, James Cronin and Val Fitch were awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering a violation of the laws of symmetry in connection with the K-mesons produced at the Brookhaven proton accelerator. Dr. Cronin led the most ambitious international project for detecting the highest energy cosmic rays. The Pierre Auger Project called for the construction of a pair of 3,000 sq. km. arrays, one in Utah, the other on the high desert of Argentina. Comprised of 3,200 large Cerenkov detectors, the array will be capable of sensing cosmic rays in an entirely new and exciting energy regime. Dr. Cronin was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999.

10	Name:	Dr. William J. Cronon
	Institution:	University of Wisconsin--Madison
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1954

	William Cronon studies American environmental history and the history of the American West. His research seeks to understand the history of human interactions with the natural world: how we depend on the ecosystems around us to sustain our material lives, how we modify the landscapes in which we live and work, and how our ideas of nature shape our relationships with the world around us. His first book, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (1983), was a study of how the New England landscape changed as control of the region shifted from Indians to European colonists. In 1984, the work was awarded the Francis Parkman Prize of the Society of American Historians. In 1991, Cronon completed a book entitled Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West, which examines Chicago's relationship to its rural hinterland during the second half of the nineteenth century. In 1991, Dr. Cronon was awarded the Chicago Tribune's Heartland Prize for the best literary work of non-fiction published during the preceding year; in 1992, it won the Bancroft Prize for the best work of American history published during the previous year, and was also one of three nominees for the Pulitzer Prize in History; and in 1993, it received the George Perkins Marsh Prize from the American Society for Environmental History and the Charles A. Weyerhaeuser Award from the Forest History Society for the best book of environmental and conservation history published during the preceding two years. In 1992, he co-edited Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, a collection of essays on the prospects of western and frontier history in American historiography. In 1995 he edited an influential collection of essays entitled Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, examining the implication of different cultural ideas of nature for modern environmental problems. He is currently at work on a history of Portage, Wisconsin, that will explore how people's sense of place is shaped by the stories they tell about their homes, their lives, and the landscapes they inhabit. He is also completing a book entitled Saving Nature in Time: The Past and the Future of Environmentalism (based on the Wiles Lectures which he delivered at Queens University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in May 2001) on the evolving relationship between environmental history and environmentalism, and what the two might learn from each other. In July 1992, Dr. Cronon became the Frederick Jackson Turner Professor of History, Geography, and Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison after having served for more than a decade as a member of the Yale University History Department. In 2003, he was also named Vilas Research Professor at UW-Madison, the university's most distinguished chaired professorship. He has been President of the American Society for Environmental History and serves as general editor of the Weyerhaeuser Environmental Books Series for the University of Washington Press. During the spring of 1994, he organized and chaired a faculty research seminar on "Reinventing Nature" at the University of California's Humanities Research Institute in Irvine, California. In 1996, he became Director of the Honors Program for the College of Letters and Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, a post he held until 1998, and from 1997-2000 he served as the founding Faculty Director of the new Chadbourne Residential College at UW-Madison. He has served on the Governing Council of the Wilderness Society since 1995, and on the National Board of the Trust for Public Land since 2003. Cronon has been elected president of the American Historical Association for the year 2012. Born September 11, 1954, in New Haven, Connecticut, Dr. Cronon received his B.A. (1976) from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He holds M.A. (1979), M.Phil. (1980), and Ph.D. (1990) degrees from Yale and a D.Phil. (1981) from Oxford University. Dr. Cronon has been a Rhodes Scholar, Danforth Fellow, Guggenheim Fellow, and MacArthur Fellow; has won prizes for his teaching at both Yale and Wisconsin; and in 1999 was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society.

11	Name:	Dr. Mary Maples Dunn
	Institution:	American Philosophical Society & Smith College
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	March 19, 2017

	Mary Maples Dunn earned her Ph.D. at Bryn Mawr College in 1959. Between 1960 and 1985 she served Bryn Mawr variously on the history department faculty, as Dean of the undergraduate college, and as Academic Deputy to the President. She became President of Smith College in 1985, a post she held for ten years. She was the author of William Penn: Politics and Conscience (1967), and co-editor of The Founding of Pennsylvania (1983), and of The World of William Penn (1986). She was also editor of Alexander von Humboldt: Political Essays on the Kingdom of New Spain (1972); and (with Richard S. Dunn) The Papers of William Penn (in four volumes, 1981-87). She has been secretary and president of the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians and a governing board member of the Humanities Research Institute, the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, Historic Deerfield, and the Marlboro School of Music. She was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1999. A witty and beloved teacher, capable administrator and highly respected American historian, Mary Maples Dunn became the Pforzheimer Foundation Director of the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College in 1995 and also served as Acting President of Radcliffe and Acting Dean of the Radcliffe Institute at Harvard. She served as Co-Executive Officer of the American Philosophical Society 2002-2007. In 2010, the William and Mary Quarterly established a new prize in her name to honor scholars in women's history. Mary Dunn died March 19, 2017, at age 85.

12	Name:	Dr. John R. Evans
	Institution:	Torstar Corporation & Canada Foundation for Innovation & University of Toronto
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	February 13, 2015

	Dr. John Evans spent more than 35 years playing a central role in the health, research and innovation sectors. As Chair of the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Dr. Evans helped to create a dynamic environment for innovation, providing researchers with the equipment and facilities they needed to undertake leading-edge research. He also served as Chair of the MaRS Discovery District, a not-for-profit corporation that brings together the academic, business and scientific communities to facilitate the commercialization of academic science in Canada. He served as past Chair of the Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences and was Chairman of the TORSTAR Corporation until his retirement in 2005. As Chair and CEO of Allelix Inc., he established Canada's first biotechnology company, creating a model for Canada's biotechnology industry. As founding dean of McMaster University Medical School, he moved away from the traditional models to set the benchmark for training effective physicians, and as founding Director of the Population, Health and Nutrition Department of the World Bank, he developed programs in population health throughout the world. Dr. Evans received his medical degree from the University of Toronto in 1952 and, as a Rhodes Scholar, his Doctoral degree at Oxford University in 1955. Dr. Evans received honourary degrees from 17 universities. He was a Companion of the Order of Canada and Officer of the Order of Ontario. Dr. Evans was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame and the Canadian Business Hall of Fame. He was a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, the Royal College of Physicians, London and Master of the American College of Physicians. Dr. Evans died February 13, 2015, at the age of 85.

13	Name:	Dr. Judah Folkman
	Institution:	Harvard Medical School & Children's Hospital
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1933
	Death Date:	January 14, 2008

14	Name:	Dr. Tore Frängsmyr
	Institution:	Uppsala University
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1938
	Death Date:	August 28, 2017

	Tore Frängsmyr was a prominent member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and its Nobel prize system; the leader of the characteristic Swedish discipline of the history of science and learning; a respected contributor to literary journals; an expert historian of science and of its relations with religion; an original interpreter of the European Enlightenment; and an institution-builder both nationally (at Uppsala and Stockholm) and internationally (through bilateral research projects, especially with the University of California, Berkeley, and as Secretary General of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science). His research professorship at Uppsala was established for him by act of the Swedish parliament. Dr. Frängsmyr received a Fil.dr. at Uppsala University, and continued his career there. He was Research Professor in History of Science Emeritus at Uppsala University and a former Director of the Center for History of Science and Advisory Board member at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was the recipient of many awards, including the King Oscar's Prize for young scholars, the Ragnar Oldberg Literary Prize, the Letterstedt Prize, and the Gierow Prize. Professor Frängsmyr was the author of (English titles) Geology and the Doctrine of Creation (1969); The Emergence of Wolffianism (1972); The Discovery of the Ice Age (1976); The Dreamer in the House of Sciences (1977); and The Search for Enlightenment (1993, French edition 1998). He was also the editor of Linnaeus, the Man and his Work (1983); Science in Sweden: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1739-1989 (1989); Solomon's House Revisited (1990); The Quantifying Spirit in the 18th Century (1990); and Les Prix Nobel, 1988. Dr. Frängsmyr was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, Academia Europeaa, Académie Internationale d'Histoire des Sciences, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Belles Lettres, History, and Antiquities. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999. Tore Frängsmyr died August 28, 2017, at the age of 79.

15	Name:	Dr. John H. Gibbons
	Institution:	United States
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	July 17, 2015

	John H. Gibbons served with distinction as an experimental physicist and expert in energy supply and conservation and environmental technology development. In 1973, at the start of the nation's first major energy crisis, he was appointed first director of the Federal Office of Energy Conservation. He returned to Washington in 1979 to direct the U.S. Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, and from 1993-1998 he served in the Clinton-Gore Administration as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Dr. Gibbons received a Ph.D. (physics) from Duke University (1954) and six honorary doctorates. He received Distinguished Service Awards from both NASA (1997, 1998) and the National Science Foundation (1998). He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Physical Society, and the American Association for Advancement of Science. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999. John H. Gibbons died July 17, 2015, at the age of 86, in Virginia.

16	Name:	Dr. William H. Goetzmann
	Institution:	University of Texas at Austin
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	September 7, 2010

	William H. Goetzmann received a Ph.D. in American Studies from Yale University in 1957. He served on the faculty of Yale University until 1964, then moved to the University of Texas, Austin where he was the Jack S. Blanton, Sr. Chair in History and American Studies. Pulitzer and Parkman prize winner, remarkable teacher (54 dissertations, 53 theses), writer of 18 books and some 145 reviews, designer of a major television show, Dr. Goetzmann, in the best Turner tradition, brought to the study of the West imagination, sophistication, and scholarship. He created an American Studies department at Texas and helped convert the university into a true multi-racial institution. He taught and lectured in a number of European institutions and helped make the American West a field not merely of regional antiquarianism but of study of the human condition in a remarkable setting. He is the author of many books, including Army Exploration in the American West 1803-63 (1959, 1991); Exploration and Empire: The Explorer and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West (1966); When the Eagle Screamed: The Romantic Horizon in American Diplomacy 1800-1865 (1966); The Mountain Man: Exploring the American West (1978); New Lands, New Men: America and the Second Great Age of Discovery (1986); The West of the Imagination (1986); The First Americans (1991); The Atlas of North American Exploration (1992); and Sam Chamberlin's Mexican War: The San Jacinto Paintings (1993). He has also been the editor of many books, including The American Hegelians (1973). His most recent work is entitled Beyond the Revolution: A History of American Thought from Paine to Pragmatism (2009). Dr. Goetzmann was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999. He died on September 7, 2010, at the age of 80, in Austin, Texas.

17	Name:	Dr. Corey S. Goodman
	Institution:	Pfizer Biotherapeutics and Bioinnovation Center; University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	208. Plant Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1951

	Corey Goodman was named president of Pfizer's Biotherapeutics and Bioinnovation Center in 2007. Prior to this appointment, he was president and CEO of Renovis, a neuroscience biopharmaceutical company he helped co-found in 2000. Dr. Goodman received his B.S. degree in biology from Stanford University in 1972, and his Ph.D. degree in neurobiology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1977. From 1977 to 1979 he was a Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Fellow at U.C. San Diego. Beginning in 1979 he was a faculty member in the Department of Biological Sciences at Stanford University, receiving tenure in 1982. In 1987 he joined the faculty at the University of California at Berkeley, where he was an Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Evan Rauch Professor of Neuroscience, and Director of the Wills Neuroscience Institute. Dr. Goodman is a world leader in the understanding of the molecules and mechanisms that control nerve growth and guidance, and their implications for nerve restoration and repair. In 2001, he became President and CEO of Renovis. He is also President of the McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience, and Chair of the National Research Council's Board on Life Sciences. Prior to co-founding Renovis, Dr. Goodman co-founded Exelixis in 1994. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. Amongst his many scientific honors is the Alan T. Waterman Award for Achievement in Medical Sciences in 1997, and the March-of-Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology in 2001.

18	Name:	Dr. Patricia Albjerg Graham
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1935

	Patricia Albjerg Graham is Charles Warren Professor of the History of Education Emerita at Harvard University. She holds a bachelor's degree from Purdue University and a Ph.D. from Columbia University. Professor Graham was dean of the Harvard School of Graduate Education from 1982 to 1991. She has taught nursery school and grades 5 through 12, chaired a high school history department, and served as a high school guidance counselor. From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, she ran a program for beginning teachers in the New York City schools. Prior to coming to Harvard in 1974, Graham taught at Barnard College; Teachers College, Columbia University; Northern Michigan University; and Indiana University. She was dean of the Radcliffe Institute and vice president of Radcliffe College from 1974 to 1977, when she was appointed by President Carter director of the National Institute of Education, where she served from 1977-79. She served as the president of the Spencer Foundation in Chicago from 1991-2000. Dr. Graham is the author of four books on the history of education, coeditor of a book on women in higher education, and author of a number of articles dealing with historical and contemporary issues in American education. Dr. Graham also serves on several corporate, not-for-profit and foundation boards. She is past president of the National Academy of Education and former vice-president of the American Historical Association. She was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1999.

19	Name:	Dr. William D. Hamilton
	Institution:	University of Oxford
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1936
	Death Date:	March 7, 2000

20	Name:	Dr. Oscar Handlin
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	September 20, 2011

	Oscar Handlin ranks as one of the most prolific and influential American historians of the twentieth century, with pioneering works in the fields of immigration history, ethnic history, and social history. He began his long career at Harvard University in 1939, becoming a full professor in 1954. At a time when most historians of the U.S. were wholly absorbed by the frontier thesis of Professor F. J. Turner, Dr. Handlin turned his attention to another movement westward: that of Eastern Europeans, many of them Jews, to the United States. Dr. Handlin's best known work, The Uprooted, for which he received the Pulitzer Prize, is to some extent autobiographical. His many other books include The American People in the Twentieth Century; Race and Nationality in American Life; and Boston's Immigrants, 1790-1880. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the Massachusetts Historical Society; the Colonial Society of Massachusetts; and the American Jewish Historical Society. Oscar Handlin died on September 20, 2011, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at age 97.

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