Subdivision
| • | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | [X] |
| | 21 | Name: | The Honorable Ruth Bader Ginsburg | | | Institution: | United States Supreme Court | | | Year Elected: | 2006 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | Death Date: | September 18, 2020 | | | | | | |
Ruth Bader Ginsburg's remarkable career in the law encompassed three distinct roles: law professor; Supreme Court advocate; and jurist. In 1963 - four years after graduating from Columbia Law School - Justice Ginsburg was appointed to the faculty of the Rutgers Law School. In 1972 her Columbia teachers persuaded her to return as a colleague. A year after joining the Columbia faculty, Justice Ginsburg took on the added duties of counsel to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). From then until 1980 she was concurrently a scholar/teacher at Columbia and the architect-plus-field commander of the ACLU's campaign to establish gender equality under law. In furtherance of that campaign Justice Ginsburg won a series of major victories in the Supreme Court. In 1980 President Carter appointed her to the bench as a Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In 1993, President Clinton appointed her to the Supreme Court. In Justice Ginsburg's more than fifteen years of service on the highest court, her luminous opinions have brought sharper definition to the interconnections and inter-independencies of the three branches of the national government, and to the relations between the nation and the states, and have measurably strengthened the constitutional rights and freedoms of us all. Her recent awards include: the Radcliffe Medal (2015), the Genesis Prize (2017), the American Law Institute's Henry J. Friendly Medal (2018), University of Chicago's Harris Dean's Award (2019), the Berggruen Prize (2019), and the Liberty Medal of the National Constitution Center (2020). She died at her home in Washington DC at the age of 87 on September 18, 2020. | |
| 22 | Name: | Ms. Linda Greenhouse | | | Institution: | Yale Law School | | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1947 | | | | | | |
Linda Greenhouse is a senior research scholar at Yale Law School, where she has taught since 2009. For 30 years before that, she was the Supreme Court correspondent for the New York Times and was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for her reporting. In 2005 she was awarded the American Philosophical Society's Henry Allen Moe Prize in the Humanities in recognition of her paper "'Because We Are Final': Judicial Review Two Hundred Years after Marbury," delivered as part of the symposium "The Two Hundredth Anniversary of Marbury v. Madison," at the Society's 2003 April Meeting and published in the March 2004 Proceedings. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001, became a Vice President of the Society in 2012, and was elected its President for 2017-23.
She is a graduate of Radcliffe College, Harvard University, and earned the degree of Master of Studies in Law from Yale Law School, which she attended on a Ford Foundation Fellowship. Among numerous awards during a 40-year career in journalism were the Pulitzer Prize (1998); the Henry J. Friendly Medal from the American Law Institute, of which she is an honorary member; and the Carey McWilliams Award from the American Political Science Association for "a major journalistic contribution to our understanding of politics." In 2020 she received the Franklin Founder Award from "Celebration! of Benjamin Franklin, Founder," a consortium of representatives of Franklin-related institutions.
Among her publications are Becoming Justice Blackmun (2005); (with Reva B. Siegel) Before Roe v. Wade: Voices That Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling (2010); The U.S. Supreme Court: A Very Short Introduction (2012); and (with Michael J. Graetz) The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right (2016); Just A Journalist: On the Press, Life, and the Spaces Between (2017); and Justice on the Brink: The Death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the Rise of Amy Coney Barrett, and Twelve Months That Transformed the Supreme Court. She is a former member of the Harvard University Board of Overseers and currently serves on the Senate of Phi Beta Kappa and the Council of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. | |
| 23 | Name: | Dame Zaha Hadid | | | Institution: | Zaha Hadid Architects | | | Year Elected: | 2013 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1950 | | | Death Date: | March 31, 2016 | | | | |
| 24 | Name: | Mr. Conrad K. Harper | | | Institution: | Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP | | | Year Elected: | 2002 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1940 | | | | | | |
Conrad Harper received an LL.B. at Harvard Law School in 1965. He was a staff lawyer at the NAACP Legal Defense Fund from 1966-70. He began as an associate at Simpson Thacher & Bartlett in 1971, becoming a partner of the firm in 1974. He left to serve as a legal adviser of the U.S. Department of State, 1993-96, and as a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague, 1993-96, and 1998-2004. Mr. Harper returned as partner of Simpson Thacher in 1996 and became of counsel in 2003. Beyond his litigation and international practice with one of New York City's premier firms, Conrad Harper's legal abilities have been applied to such diverse assignments as Chancellorship of the Episcopal Diocese of New York and leadership in the American Law Institute. His civic leadership has similarly taken him into diverse assignments including Vice Chair of the New York Public Library, presidency of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, co-chairmanship of the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights under Law, and the Harvard Corporation. He is a director of New York Life Insurance Company and the Public Service Enterprise Group. He is a trustee of the William Nelson Cromwell Foundation and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Mr. Harper was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2002. | |
| 25 | Name: | Dr. Carla Hayden | | | Institution: | Library of Congress | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1952 | | | | | | |
Carla Hayden is currently Librarian of Congress, a position she's held since 2016. She earned her Ph.D. in 1987 from the University of Chicago and worked for two decades at the Chicago Public Library, eventually becoming the Deputy Commissioner and Chief Librarian of the Chicago library system. Between that and the Library of Congress, she worked at the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, was a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, and was CEO of the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore.
Carla Hayden is a pioneering librarian who has made knowledge more accessible and useable. She began her career in the children’s department of the Chicago Public Library in the 1970s. Later, as the Executive Director of the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, Hayden's accomplishments included opening the first branch in thirty-five years and raising over $100M to renovate the main building. Her success earned her the Librarian of the Year Award from the American Library Association in 1995. She later served as the ALA’s president. In 2016, Barack Obama nominated Dr. Hayden to be the fourteenth Librarian of Congress. The Senate overwhelmingly approved her appointment. She is the first woman and first African-American to serve.
In addition to being named Librarian of the Year, Carla Hayden was named Ms. Magazine "Woman of the Year" in 2003 and one of Fortune's "The World's 50 Greatest Leaders" in 2016. She won the President's Medal of Johns Hopkins University in 1998. She authored A Frontier of Librarianship: Services for Children in Museums in 1987. Carla Hayden was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2020. | |
| 26 | Name: | Mr. Maurice Heckscher | | | Institution: | Duane, Morris & Heckscher | | | Year Elected: | 1964 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1907 | | | Death Date: | October 31, 2001 | | | | |
| 27 | Name: | Hon. A. Leon Higginbotham | | | Institution: | Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University & U.S. Court of Appeals & Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison | | | Year Elected: | 1978 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | Death Date: | 12/14/98 | | | | |
| 28 | Name: | The Honorable Elena Kagan | | | Institution: | United States Supreme Court | | | Year Elected: | 2011 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1960 | | | | | | |
Elena Kagan, Associate Justice, was born in New York, New York, on April 28, 1960. She received an A.B., summa cum laude, in 1981 from Princeton University. She attended Worcester College, Oxford University, as Princeton’s Daniel M. Sachs Graduating Fellow, and received an M. Phil. in 1983. In 1986, she earned a J.D. from Harvard Law School, graduating magna cum laude, where she was supervising editor of the Harvard Law Review. She served as a law clerk to Judge Abner Mikva of the U.S Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1986-1987. She served as a law clerk to Justice Thurgood Marshall of the Supreme Court of the United States during the 1987 Term. She worked as an associate in the Washington, D.C. law firm of Williams & Connolly, LLP, from 1989-1991. She became an assistant professor at the University of Chicago Law School in 1991 and a tenured professor of law in 1995. From 1995-1999, she was associate counsel to President Clinton and then served as deputy assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council. She joined Harvard Law School as a visiting professor in 1999 and became professor of law in 2001. She was the Charles Hamilton Houston Professor of Law and was appointed the 11th dean of Harvard Law School in 2003. President Obama nominated her to serve as the 45th Solicitor General of the United States and she was confirmed on March 19, 2009. President Obama nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on May 10, 2010, and she assumed this role on August 7, 2010. | |
| 29 | Name: | Mrs. Helene L. Kaplan | | | Institution: | Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP & Carnegie Corporation of New York | | | Year Elected: | 1990 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | Death Date: | January 26, 2023 | | | | | | |
Helene Kaplan received a J.D. from New York University School of Law. She is currently Of Counsel to Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, LLP. She has served in the not-for-profit sector as counsel or trustee of many scientific, arts, charitable and educational institutions and foundations. She is a trustee and Vice-Chair of the American Museum of Natural History, Carnegie Corporation of New York, The Commonwealth Fund, The J. Paul Getty Trust, and The Institute for Advanced Study. She was Chair of Mount Sinai School of Medicine and a trustee of Mount Sinai/NYU Health. Ms. Kaplan is Chair Emerita of Barnard College and has served as Chair of Carnegie Corporation of New York, where she is an honorary trustee.
She was a member of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government, and chaired its Task Force on Judicial and Regulatory Decision Making. From 1985-87, Ms. Kaplan was a member of the U.S. Secretary of State's Advisory Committee on South Africa, and from 1986-90, she served as a member of New York Governor Mario Cuomo's Task Force on Life and the Law, concerned with the legal and ethical implications of advances in medical technology.
Previously, Ms. Kaplan served as a trustee of The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the MITRE Corporation, and the New York Foundation. She was Chair of the New York Council for the Humanities and Vice-Chair of the New York City Public Development Corporation.
She is a retired director of JP Morgan Chase Corporation, The May Department Stores Company, Metlife, Inc., Exxon/Mobil, and Verizon Communications and a member and former director of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Helene Kaplan is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1990. | |
| 30 | Name: | Mr. Nicholas deB. Katzenbach | | | Institution: | Riker, Danzig, Scherer, Hyland & Perretti | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1922 | | | Death Date: | May 8, 2012 | | | | | | |
Nicholas Katzenbach was born in Philadelphia on January 17, 1922. After graduating from Phillips Exeter Academy he joined the United States Air Force. During World War II he was captured by enemy troops and spent two years as a prisoner of war in Italy.
After the war Katzenbach attended Princeton University and Yale Law School. While at Yale he was editor-in-chief of the Yale Law Journal. Katzenbach also received a Rhodes scholarship and studied at Oxford University for two years. In 1950 he became a lawyer in New Jersey.
In 1952 he became Associate Professor of Law at Yale University. He was also Professor of Law at the University of Chicago (1956-1960). He was also the co-author of The Political Foundations of International Law (1961).
Katzenbach joined the justice department's Office of Legal Counsel and in April 1962, was promoted to deputy attorney general, the second highest position in the department. Katzenbach worked closely with President John F. Kennedy and was given the task of securing the release of prisoners captured during the Bay of Pigs raid on Cuba.
A supporter of civil rights Katzenbach oversaw departmental operations in desegregating the University of Mississippi in September 1962 and the University of Alabama in June 1963. He also worked with Congress to ensure the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
On the advice of Robert Kennedy, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Katzenbach as Attorney General of the United States. In this post he helped draft the Voting Rights Act. Katzenbach clashed with J. Edgar Hoover over his policy of ordering unauthorized wiretaps of people such as Martin Luther King. Katzenbach resigned in 1966, stating "he could no longer effectively serve as attorney general because of Mr. Hoover's obvious resentment of me."
President Johnson then appointed him Under Secretary of State on September 21, 1966. Johnson also appointed Katzenbach to a three-member commission charged with reviewing Central Intelligence Agency activities. After Johnson resigned Katzenbach returned to private law practice in Princeton, New Jersey. He is formerly of Counsel with the firm of Riker, Danzig, Scherer, Hyland & Perretti. His memoir, Some of It Was Fun: Working with RFK and LBJ, was published by Norton in December 2008.
He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1992. Nicholas Katzenbach died on May 8, 2012, at age 90, at his home in Skillman, New Jersey. | |
| 31 | Name: | The Honorable Judith S. Kaye | | | Institution: | Skadden, Arps; Court of Appeals, State of New York | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | Death Date: | January 7, 2016 | | | | | | |
Judith S. Kaye joined Skadden Arps's Litigation Group in 2009. Before joining the firm she served as Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals for 15 years. She was appointed New York's Chief Judge in 1993 by Governor Mario M. Cuomo and was the first woman to occupy that post. The state's longest-serving chief judge, she was reappointed by Governor Eliot Spitzer in 2007 and served until reaching mandatory retirement age in December 2008. She was also the first woman appointed to the State's highest court, the Court of Appeals, which she joined in 1983. As New York's top judicial officer, Judge Kaye presided over the seven-member Court of Appeals and headed the State's Unified Court System, with more than 1,200 State-paid judges in 363 courthouses statewide. Her posts have included: Chair of the Permanent Judicial Commission on Justice for Children; Founding Member and Honorary Chair, Judges and Lawyers Breast Cancer Alert (JALBCA); member of the Board of Editors, New York State Bar Journal; and Trustee, The William Nelson Cromwell Foundation. She had been President of the Conference of Chief Justices and Chair of the Board of Directors of the National Center for State Courts (2002-03). She authored numerous publications and received several honorary degrees and many awards. Born in Monticello, New York, Judge Kaye is a 1958 graduate of Barnard College and a 1962 cum laude graduate of New York University School of Law. She died January 7, 2016, at age 77, at her home in Manhattan. | |
| 32 | Name: | Mr. Rem Koolhaas | | | Institution: | OMA; Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2014 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | |
| 33 | Name: | Dr. C. Everett Koop | | | Institution: | Dartmouth College | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | February 25, 2013 | | | | | | |
Dr. C. Everett Koop was born in Brooklyn, on October 14, 1916. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1937 and received his M.D. degree from Cornell Medical College in 1941. After serving an internship at the Pennsylvania Hospital, he pursued postgraduate training at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and the Graduate School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, from which he received the degree of Doctor of Science (Medicine) in 1947. After promotions up the academic ladder, he was named professor of pediatrics in 1971. He served as the Elizabeth DeCamp McInerny Professor of Surgery at Dartmouth Medical School.
A pediatric surgeon with an international reputation, Dr. Koop became Surgeon-in-Chief of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in 1948 and served in that capacity until he left academia in 1981. He was the founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Pediatric Surgery and served in that capacity for 11 years.
Dr. Koop was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) in March 1981 and was sworn in as Surgeon General in November 1981. Additionally, he was appointed Director of the Office of International Health in May 1982. As Surgeon General, Dr. Koop oversaw the activities of the 6,000 member PHS Commissioned Corps and advised the public on health matters such as smoking and health, diet and nutrition, environmental health hazards and the importance of immunization and disease prevention. He also became the government's chief spokesman on AIDS. After two four year terms as Surgeon General, he continued to educate the public about health issues through his writings, the electronic media, and as Senior Scholar of the C. Everett Koop Institute at Dartmouth.
Dr. Koop was a member of the American Surgical Association, the Society of University Surgeons, the American Pediatric Surgical Association, the Institute of Medicine, the American Philosophical Society, and other professional societies in the US and abroad. He was a Welfare Medalist of the National Academy of Sciences. He was a fellow of the American College of Surgeons, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Society of Behavioral Medicine and a member of the American College of Preventive Medicine. Dr. Koop was Chairman Emeritus of the National Health Museum, was chairman of the National SAFE KIDS Campaign for 13 years, Honorary Chairman of the Health Project, and Director of Biopure Corporation.
The recipient of numerous honors and awards including 41 honorary doctorates, he was awarded the Denis Brown Gold Medal by the British Association of Pediatric Surgeons; the William E. Ladd Gold Medal of the American Academy of Pediatrics in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of pediatric surgery; the Order of the Duarte, Sanchez, and Mella, the highest award of the Dominican Republic, for his achievement in separating the conjoined Dominican twins; and a number of other awards from civic, religious, medical and philanthropic organizations. He was awarded the Medal of the Legion of Honor by France in 1980 and was inducted into the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1982, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons in Glasgow in 1987, and the Royal Society of Medicine in 1997. In May 1983, Dr. Koop was awarded the Public Health Service Distinguished Service Medal in recognition of his extraordinary leadership of the U.S. Public Health Service. After his retirement, he was presented with the Surgeon General's Exemplary Service Medal and the Surgeon General's Medallion. In September 1995, Dr. Koop was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He was also awarded the 2010 Ryan White Distinguished Leadership Award for his work on AIDS prevention.
Dr. Koop was the author of more than 230 articles and books on the practice of medicine and surgery, biomedical ethics and health policy. He was awarded an Emmy in 1991 in the News and Documentary category for "C. Everett Koop, MD", a five-part series on health care reform. Two of the shows in this series were awarded Freddies in 1992: Best Film in the category of Aging for "Forever Young" and Best Film in the Category of Family Dynamics for "Listening to Teenagers."
He was married to the former Elizabeth Flanagan and has three living children, Allen, Norman and Elizabeth Thompson, seven grandchildren and three great grandchildren. Elizabeth died in 2007. He married his second wife, Cora Hogue Koop in 2010.
C. Everett Koop died February 25, 2013, at age 96, at his home in Hanover, New Hampshire. | |
| 34 | Name: | Mr. Nicholas D. Kristof | | | Institution: | The New York Times | | | Year Elected: | 2011 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1959 | | | | | | |
Nicholas D. Kristof, a columnist for The New York Times since November 2001, is a two-time Pulitzer Prize winner who writes op-ed columns that appear twice a week. He was awarded the inaugural Aurora Humanitarian Journalism Award for his reporting on human rights abuses and social injustices in 2020. He attempted a run for Governor of Oregon in 2022.
Mr. Kristof grew up on a sheep and cherry farm near Yamhill, Oregon. He graduated from Harvard College, Phi Beta Kappa, and then won a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford, where he studied law and graduated with first class honors. He later studied Arabic in Cairo and Chinese in Taipei. After working in France, he caught the travel bug and began backpacking around Africa and Asia, writing articles to cover his expenses. Mr. Kristof has lived on four continents, reported on six, and traveled to more than 150 countries, plus all 50 states, every Chinese province and every main Japanese island. He’s also one of the very few Americans to be at least a two-time visitor to every member of the "Axis of Evil." During his travels, he has had unpleasant experiences with malaria, mobs and an African airplane crash.
After joining The New York Times in 1984, initially covering economics, he served as a correspondent in Los Angeles and as bureau chief in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Tokyo. In 2000, he covered the presidential campaign, and he is the author of the chapter on George W. Bush in the reference book The Presidents. He later was Associate Managing Editor of the Times, responsible for Sunday editions.
In 1990 Mr. Kristof and his wife, Sheryl WuDunn, until recently also a Times journalist, won a Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of China’s Tiananmen Square movement. They were the first married couple to win a Pulitzer for journalism. Mr. Kristof won a second Pulitzer in 2006, for what the judges called "his graphic, deeply reported columns that, at personal risk, focused attention on genocide in Darfur." Mr. Kristof has also won other prizes including the George Polk award, the Overseas Press Club award, the Michael Kelly award, the Online News Association award, and the American Society of Newspaper Editors award. Mr. Kristof has taken a special interest in Web journalism and was the first blogger on The New York Times Web site; he has a Facebook fan page and a channel on Youtube, as well as nearly 1 million followers on Twitter.
In his column, Mr. Kristof was an early opponent of the Iraq war, was among the first to warn that we were losing ground in Afghanistan, and has regularly focused attention on global poverty, health and gender issues, as well as climate change. Since 2004, he has written dozens of columns about Darfur and has visited the region around Darfur eleven times.
Mr. Kristof and Ms. WuDunn are authors of three best-selling books: China Wakes: The Struggle for the Soul of a Rising Power in 1994; Thunder from the East: Portrait of a Rising Asia in 2000; and Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide in 2009. Their most recent book, A Path Appears, was published in 2014. Mr. Kristof is also the subject of an HBO documentary executive-produced by Ben Affleck, "Reporter," and serves on the boards of Harvard University and the American Association of Rhodes Scholars. He has received a number of honorary doctorates and other honors. Mr. Kristof and Ms. WuDunn are the parents of three children. Mr. Kristof enjoys running, backpacking, and having his Chinese and Japanese corrected by his children. | |
| 35 | Name: | Lord Anthony Lester | | | Institution: | Blackstone Chambers; International Centre for the Legal Protection of Human Rights (INTERIGHTS) | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | Death Date: | August 8, 2020 | | | | | | |
Anthony Lester QC (Lord Lester of Herne Hill) practiced at the English Bar and specialized in constitutional and human rights law. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge and received his law degree from Harvard University Law School in 1962 as a Harkness Commonwealth Fellow. He was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1964 and became a QC in 1975. Lord Lester has argued constitutional and human rights cases in the United Kingdom and in European and Commonwealth courts. Between 1974 and 1976, he served as Special Advisor to Home Secretary Roy Jenkins and was charged with the responsibility for developing policy on race relations, sex discrimination and human rights. He also served as Special Advisor to the Standing Advisory Commission in Northern Ireland (1975-1977). Lord Lester was a founding member of the Social Democratic Party. He has written numerous books and articles on human rights and constitutional law including Race and Law and Justice in the American South and Five Ideas to Fight For. He is also the co-editor of Butterworths Human Rights Law and Practice. Lord Lester campaigned successfully for the Human Rights Act (1998) and is president of INTERIGHTS (the International Centre for the Legal Protection of Human Rights). These accomplishments were acknowledged when he was made a Life Peer in 1993. Lord Lester was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2003. He died on August 8, 2020, at age 84. | |
| 36 | Name: | Dr. Martin L. Levitt | | | Institution: | American Philosophical Society | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1953 | | | | | | |
Martin Levitt was Associate Director of the American Philosophical Society Library when he succeeded Edward C. Carter II as Librarian in 2003. Under Levitt's direction, the Library is now a leader in the use of technology and has undertaken several digitizing initiatives designed to produce better access to the Society's collections. Levitt earned his doctorate under the supervision of APS member Russell F. Weigley in 1990, and in pursuing his career as an information professional, was subsequently named a Fulbright Fellow in archives (1991-92), a Fellow of the Mary and David Eccles Center of the British Library, and was elected President of the Academy of Certified Archivists. He helped found the Philadelphia Area Center for the History of Science, a consortium of regional research institutions, for which he raised establishing funds and appointed its first director; PACHS is now an independent 501(c)(3) organization housed at the APS that sponsored 13 fellows this year. Of special note, when appointed Librarian of the Society in 2003, Levitt undertook a vigorous program of renovation and re-organization. The renovations included improved spaces for public services, expanded spaces for staff, a modernized conservation facility and cataloging suite, renovation of the stack areas and redistribution of the collections to make the best use of available spaces, and the creation of state-of-the-art fire detection, fire suppression, security, and technology infrastructures. Additionally, he has held a faculty position in the history department at Temple University since 1992, and has been a full professor since 2000. Levitt, who had worked in the APS Library since 1986, also sat on the Board of the Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries, revitalized the Friends of the APS Library lecture program, and began an investigation into the possible re-patriation of data owned by the Society into the hands of Native American communities. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2010. He retired at the end of 2014. | |
| 37 | Name: | Mr. Anthony Lewis | | | Institution: | New York Review of Books; The New York Times | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | March 25, 2013 | | | | | | |
Anthony Lewis was a columnist for the New York Times from 1969 to 2001. He has twice won the Pulitzer Prize. In 2001 he was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal and in 2009 he was awarded the Burton Benjamin Award of the Committee to Protect Journalists.
He was born in New York City on March 27, 1927. He attended Horace Mann School in New York City and Harvard College, receiving a B.A. in 1948.
From 1948 to 1952 he was a deskman in the Sunday Department of The Times. In 1952 he became a reporter for the Washington Daily News. In 1955 he won a Pulitzer Prize for national reporting for a series of articles in the Washington Daily News on the dismissal of a Navy employee as a security risk. The articles led to the employee's reinstatement.
In 1955 Mr. Lewis joined the Washington Bureau of the New York Times. In 1956-57 he was a Nieman Fellow; he spent the academic year studying at Harvard Law School. Upon his return to Washington, he covered the Supreme Court, the Justice Department and other legal matters including the government's handling of the civil rights movement, for the New York Times. He won a Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the Supreme Court in 1963.
He became Chief of the Times London Bureau in 1964. He began writing his column from London in 1969. Since 1973 he has been located in Boston. He traveled frequently, in this country and abroad.
He is the author of four books: Gideon's Trumpet, about a landmark Supreme Court case; Portrait of a Decade, about the great changes in American race relations; Make No Law: The Sullivan Case and the First Amendment; and Freedom for the Thought That We Hate: A Biography of the First Amendment.
Mr. Lewis was for fifteen years a lecturer on law at Harvard Law School, teaching a course on the Constitution and the press. He has taught at a number of other universities as a visitor, among them the Universities of California, Illinois, Oregon and Arizona. Since 1983 he has held the James Madison Visiting Professorship at Columbia University.
Anthony Lewis died on March 25, 2013, at the age of 85 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was married to Margaret H. Marshall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. | |
| 38 | Name: | Justice Goodwin Liu | | | Institution: | Supreme Court of California | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1970 | | | | | | |
Justice Goodwin Liu is an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court. Nominated by Governor Jerry Brown, Justice Liu was unanimously confirmed by the Commission on Judicial Appointments and sworn into office on September 1, 2011. He was retained by the electorate in 2014. Before joining the state’s highest court, Justice Liu was Professor of Law and Associate Dean at the UC Berkeley School of Law. His primary areas of expertise are constitutional law, education law and policy, and diversity in the legal profession.
The son of Taiwanese immigrants, Justice Liu grew up in Sacramento, where he attended public schools. He went to Stanford University and earned a bachelor’s degree in biology in 1991. He attended Oxford University on a Rhodes Scholarship and earned a masters degree in philosophy and physiology. Upon returning to the United States, he went to Washington D.C. to help launch the AmeriCorps national service program and worked for two years as a senior program officer at the Corporation for National Service.
Justice Liu graduated from Yale Law School in 1998, becoming the first in his family to earn a law degree. He clerked for Judge David Tatel on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit and then worked as Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education. He went on to clerk at the U.S. Supreme Court for Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg during the October 2000 Term. From 2001 to 2003, he worked in the litigation practice of O’Melveny & Myers in Washington, D.C.
Justice Liu continues to teach constitutional law as a visiting professor at Harvard Law School and Stanford Law School. He is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Law Institute. He serves on the Council of the American Law Institute, on the Board of Directors of the James Irvine Foundation, and on the Yale University Council. He has previously served on the California Commission on Access to Justice, the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Science, Technology, and Law, the Board of Trustees of Stanford University, and the governing boards of the American Constitution Society, the National Women’s Law Center, and the Public Welfare Foundation. | |
| 39 | Name: | Chief Justice Margaret H. Marshall | | | Institution: | Choate Hall & Stewart LLP; Supreme Judicial Court, Commonwealth of Massachusetts | | | Year Elected: | 2017 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1944 | | | | | | |
Former Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Margaret H. Marshall is Senior Counsel at Choate Hall & Stewart LLP. Appointed Chief Justice in 1999, she was the first woman to serve in that position. She was first appointed to the Court as an Associate Justice in 1996.
Chief Justice Marshall was born and raised in South Africa, obtaining her baccalaureate from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. While an undergraduate, she was elected President of the National Union of South African Students, at the time a leading anti-apartheid organization. She came to the United States in 1968 to pursue graduate studies at Harvard. She received a master's degree from Harvard in 1969 and a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1976. Following her graduation she practiced law in Boston and became a partner in Choate, Hall & Stewart. In 1992, she was appointed Vice President and General Counsel of Harvard University.
During her tenure on the Supreme Judicial Court, Chief Justice Marshall authored many opinions, including Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, which declared that the Massachusetts Constitution prohibits the state from denying same-sex couples access to civil marriage. The 2003 ruling made Massachusetts the first state to recognize marriage equality.
Chief Justice Marshall has been involved in numerous professional and community activities. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a member of the Council and Executive Committee of the American Law Institute. She served until June 30 2016 as Senior Fellow of the Corporation of Yale University, the governing board and policy-making body for the University. Chief Justice Marshall is the recipient of many awards and honorary degrees, including one from her undergraduate alma mater, the University of the Witwatersrand, and one from her law school alma mater, a 2018 Yale Medal. She received the 2021 Bolch Prize for the Rule of Law. | |
| 40 | Name: | Ms. Jane Mayer | | | Institution: | The New Yorker Magazine | | | Year Elected: | 2016 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1955 | | | | | | |
Jane Mayer joined The New Yorker as a staff writer in March 1995. Based in Washington, DC, she writes about politics, culture and national security for the magazine.
Before joining The New Yorker, Mayer was for twelve years a reporter at the Wall Street Journal. In 1984 she became the Journal's first female White House correspondent. She was also a war correspondent and a foreign correspondent for the paper. Among other stories, she covered the bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut, the Persian Gulf War, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the final days of Communism in the Soviet Union.
Mayer was the 2008 winner of the John Chancellor Award for Journalistic Excellence, as well as a Guggenheim Foundation Grant in 2008, and winner in 2009 of the Goldsmith Book Prize from Harvard, the 2009 Edward Weintal Prize from Georgetown University, the 2009 Ridenhour Prize, the New York Public Library's 2009 Helen Bernstein Book Award for Excellence in Journalism, the 2009 J. Anthony Lukas Prize from Columbia, the 2009 Sidney Hillman Award, the 2009 Ambassador Award from the English-Speaking Union, and the 2009 Robert F. Kennedy Book Prize. She was also a 2009 finalist for the National Book Award and for the National Book Critics Circle Award. She has been a finalist three times for the National Magazine award, and was nominated twice by the Journal for a Pulitzer Prize. In 2011, she was the winner of the George Polk Award for her coverage of the Obama Administration's prosecution of national security whistle blowers, and the James Aronson Award for social justice journalism. In 2012 she was awarded the Toner Prize for political reporting. She was also the 2013 winner of the IF Stone "Izzy" award presented by the Nieman Foundation at Harvard. In 2014, Mayer was winner of the Matrix Award, given by the New York Women in Communications.
Before joining the Journal in 1982, Mayer worked as a metropolitan reporter for the Washington Star. She began her career in journalism as a stringer for Time magazine while still a student in college.
Mayer is the author of the 2016 book "Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right," and the 2008 book "The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War in Terror Turned into a War on American Ideals," which was chosen as one of the ten best books of the year by the New York Times, the Economist Magazine, Salon, Slate and Bloomberg. In 2010 the NYU Journalism School named it one of the ten most important works of journalism of the decade. She was also the co-author of two additional best-selling books. "Strange Justice," written with Jill Abramson, published in 1994, was a finalist for the 1994 National Book Award for nonfiction. Her first book, "Landslide: The Unmaking of the President 1984-1988," co-authored by Doyle McManus, was an acclaimed account of the Iran-Contra affair in the Reagan Administration.
In 2009, Mayer was chosen Princeton University's Ferris Professor of the Humanities, teaching an undergraduate seminar on political reporting. She has been a speaker at Princeton, Yale, Harvard, Columbia, Mount Holyoke, Northwestern, Boston College and Grinnell, among other schools.
Mayer, who was born in New York, graduated with honors from Yale in 1977 and continued her studies in history at Oxford. She lives in Washington with her husband, Bill Hamilton, and daughter, Kate. | |
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