American Philosophical Society
Member History

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1Name:  Dr. John Abelson
 Institution:  California Institute of Technology
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1938
   
 
John Norman Abelson has made major contributions to our understanding of molecular biology and biochemistry. A pioneer in recombinant DNA technology, he focused early on on mutagenic bacterial viruses and on RNA sequencing. Later he discovered intervening sequences in t-RNA and worked out the mechanisms involved in t-RNA splicing. His laboratory named and characterized the "spliceozyme" required for messenger RNA processing in yeast, and he remains a leader in characterizing the structure and function of this "molecular machine." Dr. Abelson has served the scientific community in a variety of positions. Since 1995 he has been George Beadle Professor of Biology at the California Institute of Technology. He has received many honors and awards, including a Guggenheim Fellowship (1980-81). He earned his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1965.
 
2Name:  Dr. Frances E. Allen
 Institution:  IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  107
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1932
 Death Date:  August 4, 2020
   
 
Frances E. Allen received her M.A. at the University of Michigan in 1957 and began her career as an engineer with IBM Research. Since 1989 she has been an IBM Fellow at the T.J. Watson Research Center. Jointly with APS member John Cocke, Dr. Allen is the principal source of machine-independent and language-independent code optimization technology. This technology is used in most compilers today: transforming the program into a simplified, largely machine-independent intermediate form; followed by optimization of this intermediate form; and finally generating the machine-dependent code which is executed. The result is a program that is easier to write and efficient to execute. Practically all subsequent work on producing efficient programs relies on Dr. Allen's seminal work. It is hard to imagine today's large and complex programs without her pioneering work. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001. In 2007 she became the first woman honored with the Turing Award, one of the most prestigious prizes in computing. In 2010 she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
 
3Name:  Dr. Robert Alter
 Institution:  University of California, Berkeley
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  402b
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1935
   
 
A number of Robert Alter's twenty-two books have been translated into several languages. As a critic in both of his fields, Hebrew Literature of all ages and Modernism, he emphasizes the virtures of close reading and broad sympathies over ideological commitment, though in his work with students he has shown a tolerance which has produced some of the leading lights in the postmodern camp. Dr. Alter is fluent in French and Hebrew and reads a number of other languages. He is an exemplary academic citizen: a thoughtful and engaged colleague, willing to take on administrative chores; a popular teacher and director of a host of dissertations; an immensely productive scholar; a good friend to many; and absolutely without a shred of the diva in him. He is internationally known, with strong connections in Britain, France, and Israel. Since 1967 he has served on the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, where he is Class of 1937 Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature. His most recent book is a translation of the Hebrew Bible, entitled Ancient Israel. The Former Prophets: Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings. A Translation with Commentary.
 
4Name:  Dr. Kwame Anthony Appiah
 Institution:  New York University
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  406. Linguistics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1954
   
 
K. Anthony Appiah has written or edited a score of books: on race theory (where he is recognized as a leading thinker), on philosophy (where he has been called by reviewers "a pro's pro"), and even a series of detective fiction novels. His In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture has been translated into Portuguese and Japanese. It won the Herskovits Award of the African Studies Association for the best work published in English on Africa in 1993. Dr. Appiah taught at Yale, Cornell, Duke and Harvard Universities before moving to Princeton University, where he was Laurence S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy. In January 2014 he moved to New York University where he has joint appointments in the Department of Philosophy and the School of Law. He has received many academic honors, published numerous articles and reviews, presented public lectures and papers, holds several editorial positions and is a member of professional associations and committees. In 2008 he was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Dr. Appiah also served as co-editor of Encarta Africana, the first electronic encyclopedia on Africa and people of African descent. His latest books are Experiments in Ethics (2008) and The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen (2010). He was awarded the 2011 National Humanities Medal by President Obama.
 
5Name:  Mr. Neil Armstrong
 Institution:  NASA
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1930
 Death Date:  August 25, 2012
   
 
Neil A. Armstrong will always be known as the first man to walk on the moon, saying "One small step for (a) man. One giant step for mankind." as he stepped onto the surface. As a naval aviator, he flew combat missions from the aircraft carrier USS Essex in the Korean action, and subsequently spent 17 years with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as an engineer, research pilot, astronaut and administrator. As a research pilot for NASA's Flight Research Center at Edwards, CA, Mr. Armstrong was project pilot on many pioneering high speed aircraft, including the rocket powered X-1 and the hypersonic X-15. He was selected as an astronaut in 1962. He was commander of the Gemini 8 flight in 1966 when he performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space. As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, he, with colleagues Mike Collins and Buzz Aldrin, completed the first landing mission to the moon. Neil Armstrong subsequently was responsible for the management of overall NASA research and technology work related to aeronautics. During the years 1971 through 1979, he was the University Professor of Engineering at the University of Cincinnati. He was the Chairman of the EDO Corporation, an engineering systems manufacturing firm. He received his engineering education at Purdue University and the University of Southern California. Mr. Armstrong was a Fellow of the Experimental Test Pilots and the Royal Aeronautical Society, and Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the International Aeronautical Federation. He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco. He served as Chairman of the Presidential Advisory Committee for the Peace Corps (1971-73), as Vice Chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (1986), and as a member of the National Commission on Space (1985-86). Mr. Armstrong's explorations on earth include reaching the North Pole and, with the British Army, mapping caves in the Oriente of Ecuador. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 2011 and was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2001. Neil Armstrong died on August 25, 2012, at the age of 82.
 
6Name:  Dr. Roger S. Bagnall
 Institution:  New York University; Columbia University
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  404a
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1947
   
 
Roger Bagnall received his Ph.D. at the University of Toronto in 1972. He was assistant professor of classics at Florida State University for two years before moving in 1974 to Columbia University, where he served as professor of classics and history and as dean of the Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. In 2007 he became professor of ancient history and Leon Levy Director of the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University, becoming Director Emeritus in 2016 and professor emeritus in 2017. Among the leading historians of Greek and Roman antiquity, Dr. Bagnall enjoys an immense reputation for his work on Roman and Late Antique Egypt, its economy, and its documents on papyri and potsherds. His technical expertise in papyrology is matched by a historical mind of great range. He has also been a pioneer in the application of computer technology to the humanities. Dr. Bagnall has written or edited more than sixty books and over 250 articles, including The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions Outside Egypt (1976); Currency and Inflation in Fourth-Century Egypt (1985); (co-author) Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987); Egypt in Late Antiquity (1993); (co-author) The Demography of Roman Egypt (1994); The Kellis Agricultural Account Book (1997); The Oxford Handbook of Papyrology (2009); Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East (2011); An Oasis City (2015); and Roman Egypt (2021). A brilliant and respected administrator as well as an internationally known scholar, Dr. Bagnall has served as director and president of the American Society of Papyrologists, president of the International Association of Papyrologists, and director and president of the American Philological Association (now the Society for Classical Studies) and is a member of the American Numismatic Society, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the British Academy and l'Académie Royale de Belgique. In 2019 Dr. Bagnall was appointed Honorary President for Life of the American Society of Papyrologists and Honorary President of the International Association of Papyrologists. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001and was elected its President in 2023.
 
7Name:  Dr. John N. Bahcall
 Institution:  Institute for Advanced Study
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  101. Astronomy
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1934
 Death Date:  August 17, 2005
   
8Name:  Dr. Cynthia M. Beall
 Institution:  Case Western Reserve University
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1949
   
 
Cynthia Beall is a distinguished anthropologist who, along with her collaborator, Dr. Goldstein, has been interested in the impact of high altitude on the physiology and socio-cultural behavior of people living in such environments. She has studied populations in Tibet, the Andean countries and Ethiopia and is clearly one of the world's leading authorities on this subject. Since 1976 Dr. Beall has taught at Case Western Reserve University, where she has been S. Idell Pyle Professor of Anthropology since 1994 and Professor of Anatomy since 1995. She was elected to the membership of the National Academy of Sciences in 1996. She was named a Guggenheim Fellow in Anthropology and Cultural Studies in 2011.
 
9Name:  Dr. Thomas R. Cech
 Institution:  University of Colorado, Boulder; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1947
   
 
Tom Cech is one of the world's leading biochemists and the discoverer of the enzymatic activity of RNA, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1989. He is a marvelous teacher, dedicated to education at all levels, and a distinguished spokesman for science. President of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) from 2000-2009, Dr. Cech is presently an HHMI investigator serving on the faculties of the University of Colorado (since 1978) and the Health Sciences Center, Denver (since 1988). He is the recipient of the Gairdner Foundation International Award (1988); the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (1988); the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award (1988); and the National Medal of Science (1995) and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1987); the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1988); and the Institute of Medicine (2000).
 
10Name:  Mr. William T. Coleman
 Institution:  O'Melveny & Myers
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1920
 Death Date:  March 31, 2017
   
 
William T. Coleman, Jr., was a Senior Partner and the Senior Counselor in O'Melveny & Myers LLP's Washington, D.C. office. He received his undergraduate education at the University of Pennsylvania and his law degree from Harvard University Law School in 1946, where he was an editor of the Law Review. As a member of Thurgood Marshall's legal team at the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Mr. Coleman was a main architect of the legal strategy leading to Brown v. Board of Education and the desegregation of schools and other public facilities throughout the United States. He has played a leading role for nearly half a century in the effort to give reality to the principle of equality under the law. Mr. Coleman had extensive litigation experience in the corporate, antitrust, natural gas and constitutional law fields; foreign trade and other international matters; and the handling of corporate acquisitions and divestitures. In addition to his active practice of the law, he became president of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund in 1971 - later serving as its chair - as well as adviser to six presidents, including Gerald Ford, who appointed him Secretary of Transportation in 1975. William T. Coleman was the recipient of numerous honors including the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995), an officer of the French Legion of Honor (1979), the NAACP's Thurgood Marshall Lifetime Achievement Award (1997) and the Judge Henry J. Friendly Medal of the Council of the American Law Institute (2000). His autobiography, Counsel for the Situation, was released in 2010. Mr. Coleman was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2001. He died March 31, 2017, at the age of 96.
 
11Name:  Professor Michael A. Cook
 Institution:  Princeton University
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  404b
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1940
   
 
Michael Cook is the Class of 1943 Professor of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University. He was educated at Cambridge, studying English and European History as well as learning Turkish and Persian. From Cambridge he went on to the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London, where his work focused on Ottoman population history in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He taught Middle Eastern history at the School until 1986 when he left to join the faculty at Princeton. A prolific author, Professor Cook's publications include Early Muslim Dogma: A Source-Critical Study (1981), The Koran (2000), Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought (2000), A Brief History of the Human Race (2003), and Ancient Religions, Modern Politics: The Islamic Case in Comparative Perspective (2014). His current areas of interest include the formation of Islamic civilization and the role played by religious values in that process. He has been the recipient of many awards and honors, including the Holberg Prize in 2014, the President's Award for Distinguished Teaching (awarded at Princeton's 2016 Commencement), the Balzan Prize for Islamic Studies in 2019, and the Middle East Medievalists Lifetime Achievement Award in 2020. In 2018 he was named Honorary Fellow at King's College London. Michael Cook was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2001.
 
12Name:  Dr. Patricia Crone
 Institution:  Institute for Advanced Study
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1945
 Death Date:  July 11, 2015
   
 
Patricia Crone was a brilliant historian who illuminated the social history of early Islam, the meaning of legal systems, and the history of trade. She had extended her expertise to general stories of social history and to the edition and translation of texts. A native of Denmark, Dr. Crone received her Ph.D. from the University of London's School of Oriental Studies in 1974 and went on to teach at Oxford University (1977-90) and Cambridge University (1990-97) before joining the Institute for Advanced Study as Mellon Professor from 1997-2014. Dr. Crone's many publications include (with M. Cook) Hagarism (1977); Slaves on Horses (1980); Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law (1987); Meccan Trade (1987); Pre-Industrial Societies (1989); The Book of Strangers (1999); and Medieval Islamic Political Thought (2005). Her book From Arabian Tribes to Islamic Empire: Army, State and Society in the Near East c. 600-850 (2008) is a collection of articles that study the development of early Muslim society. The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Revolt and Local Zoroastrianism earned four major awards. In 2013 she was awarded the Giorgio Levi Della Vida Medal for Excellence in Islamic Studies. Patricia Crone died July 11, 2015, at age 70 in Princeton, New Jersey. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001.
 
13Name:  Dr. Lawrence H. Einhorn
 Institution:  Indiana University
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1942
   
 
Lawrence Einhorn received his M.D. from the University of Iowa in 1968. He was a fellow in hematology/oncology at Indiana University Medical Center, 1971-72, and a fellow in oncology at the M.D. Anderson Hospital & Tumor Institute, 1972-73. He joined the Indiana University School of Medicine in 1973 where he has been a professor of medicine, clinical oncology and hematology and, since 1987, a Distinguished Professor of Medicine. In 2006 he became the first Lance Armstrong Foundation Professor of Oncology. Lawrence Einhorn achieved an international reputation as a young medical researcher who developed a very effective treatment for cancer of the testes. He is the Clinical Director of the Walther Oncology Center at the Indiana University Medical Center, where he has developed a talented team of investigators in oncology. His research has led to the improvement of treatment in a variety of cancers including the breast, bladder, lung and Hodgkin's Disease. He is well known among his peers in oncology and is well informed concerning the remarkable areas of research in his field. Solutions to cancer treatment and prevention will likely occur by teams of collaborators and institutions. Dr. Einhorn is well positioned to continue to make strong contributions in his important field. He is the recipient of many honors, including the Medal of Honor from the American Cancer Society (1983); the Gottlieb Award from M.D. Anderson Hospital (1986); the Bernard Schwartz Award from the Scripps Institute (1987); the Distinguished Clinician Award from the Milken Foundation (1989); the Kettering Prize for Cancer Research from General Motors Foundation (1992); the Presidential Medal of Honor from Indiana University (1996); the Jacquiatt Award in Oncology (1997); and the Vermeil Medal of Paris (2000). An active member of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, he served as its president, on the board of directors, and, for eight years, as editor of its Journal of Clinical Oncology. He was on the board of scientific counselors of the National Cancer Institute, where he was also an outstanding investigator grantee, 1985-92, 1993-2000. Dr. Einhorn was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001.
 
14Name:  Dr. Sandra M. Faber
 Institution:  University of California Observatories, University of California, Santa Cruz
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  101. Astronomy
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1944
   
 
Sandra Faber is University Professor Emerta at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and a staff member of the UCO/Lick Observatory. She is an observational astronomer with primary research interests in cosmology and galaxy formation. Some of her major discoveries include the first structural scaling law for galaxies, large-scale flow perturbations in the expansion of the universe, black holes at the centers of galaxies, and the role of dark matter in galaxy formation. She was one of three astronomers who diagnosed the optical flaw in the Hubble Space Telescope, and she played a major role in its repair. She established the scientific case for the Keck Telescopes, which inspired the current wave of major ground-based telescope building all over the world. Since 1994 she has been Principal Investigator of the DEIMOS spectrograph, a large optical multi-object spectrograph for the Keck 2 Telescope, which she and colleagues are using to conduct the DEEP2 survey of galaxies in the distant universe. Dr. Faber is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. She serves on the boards of several organizations including the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Annual Reviews, and the SETI Institute. She has won the National Medal of Science (2012), the Fellows Medal of the California Academy of Sciences (2016), the Gruber Cosmology Prize (2017), and the Royal Astronomical Society's Gold Medal (2020). She was awarded the American Philosophical Society's Magellanic Premium Medal in 2019. Sandra Faber was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001.
 
15Name:  Dr. Anthony S. Fauci
 Institution:  Georgetown University
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  209. Neurobiology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1940
   
 
Immunologist Anthony S. Fauci received his M.D. degree from Cornell University Medical College in 1966. He then completed an internship and residency at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. In 1968, Dr. Fauci came to the National Institutes of Health as a clinical associate in the Laboratory of Clinical Investigation at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). In 1974, he became Head of the Clinical Physiology Section and in 1980 was appointed Chief of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation, a position he still holds. Dr. Fauci became Director of NIAID in 1984. Dr. Fauci has made many contributions to basic and clinical research on the pathogenesis and treatment of immune-mediated diseases. He has pioneered the field of human immunoregulation by making a number of scientific observations that serve as the basis for current understanding of the regulation of the human immune response. In addition to his noted work on polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Dr. Fauci has made seminal contributions to the understanding of how the AIDS virus destroys the body's defenses, making it susceptible to deadly infections. His research has been instrumental in developing strategies for the therapy and immune reconstitution of patients with this disease, as well as for a vaccine to prevent HIV infections. In 2008 his team identified a new human receptor for H.I.V., an important advance in the field that could provide fresh avenues for the development of additional therapies. Anthony Fauci has held major lectureships all over the world and is the recipient of numerous awards for his scientific accomplishments. He received this nation's largest award in medicine, the Albany Medical Center Prize in Medicine and Biomedical Research, for his overall contributions to the advancement of science and his distinguished public service, and in 2005 received the nation's highest honor in science: the National Medal of Science. In 2007 he was presented with the Lasker Award for his roles in two major government programs: the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and Project Bioshield, which seeks to improve countermeasures against potential bioterror agents. He was also awarded the 2007 George M. Kober Medal of the Association of American Physicians, the organization's highest honor. In 2008 Dr. Fauci was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom "for his determined and aggressive efforts to help others live longer and healthier lives." In 2021 he was awarded the National Academy of Sciences Public Welfare Medal, the Dan David Prize, and the Ivan Allen Jr. Prize for Social Courage. Dr. Fauci was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001.
 
16Name:  Dr. Riccardo Giacconi
 Institution:  Johns Hopkins University
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  101. Astronomy
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1931
 Death Date:  December 9, 2018
   
 
Riccardo Giacconi received his Ph.D. at the University of Milan in 1954. He was a professor and associate director of the Harvard/Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (1973-82); director of the Space Telescope Science Institute (1981, 1993); professor at the University of Milan (1991-99); and director general of the European Southern Observatory (1993-99). A professor at the Johns Hopkins University after 1982, he also served as president of Associated Universities, Inc. from 1999 on. One of the founders of x-ray astronomy, Riccardo Giacconi was the leader of the teams that detected the first cosmic x-ray source, made the first x-ray image of the sun, and developed and operated the early UHURU x-ray satellite and the Einstein x-ray telescope. He played a major role in the early definition of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. As the first director of the Space Telescope Science Institute, as director of the European Southern Observatory, and throughout his career, he made outstanding contributions to the development of astronomy and was a forceful spokesman for international science. Dr. Giacconi was the recipient of the Helen B. Warner Award of the American Astronomical Society; the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute; the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific; the Dannie Heineman Prize of Astrophysics from the American Astronomical Society and the American Institute of Physics; the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society; and the Wolf Prize in Physics. He received the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics and the National Medal of Science in 2005. Dr. Giacconi was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, l'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, and the Royal Astronomical Society. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001. Riccardo Giacconi died on December 9, 2018 in La Jolla, California at the age of 87.
 
17Name:  Ms. Linda Greenhouse
 Institution:  Yale Law School
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1947
   
 
Linda Greenhouse is a senior research scholar at Yale Law School, where she has taught since 2009. For 30 years before that, she was the Supreme Court correspondent for the New York Times and was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for her reporting. In 2005 she was awarded the American Philosophical Society's Henry Allen Moe Prize in the Humanities in recognition of her paper "'Because We Are Final': Judicial Review Two Hundred Years after Marbury," delivered as part of the symposium "The Two Hundredth Anniversary of Marbury v. Madison," at the Society's 2003 April Meeting and published in the March 2004 Proceedings. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2001, became a Vice President of the Society in 2012, and was elected its President for 2017-23. She is a graduate of Radcliffe College, Harvard University, and earned the degree of Master of Studies in Law from Yale Law School, which she attended on a Ford Foundation Fellowship. Among numerous awards during a 40-year career in journalism were the Pulitzer Prize (1998); the Henry J. Friendly Medal from the American Law Institute, of which she is an honorary member; and the Carey McWilliams Award from the American Political Science Association for "a major journalistic contribution to our understanding of politics." In 2020 she received the Franklin Founder Award from "Celebration! of Benjamin Franklin, Founder," a consortium of representatives of Franklin-related institutions. Among her publications are Becoming Justice Blackmun (2005); (with Reva B. Siegel) Before Roe v. Wade: Voices That Shaped the Abortion Debate Before the Supreme Court's Ruling (2010); The U.S. Supreme Court: A Very Short Introduction (2012); and (with Michael J. Graetz) The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right (2016); Just A Journalist: On the Press, Life, and the Spaces Between (2017); and Justice on the Brink: The Death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the Rise of Amy Coney Barrett, and Twelve Months That Transformed the Supreme Court. She is a former member of the Harvard University Board of Overseers and currently serves on the Senate of Phi Beta Kappa and the Council of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
 
18Name:  Dr. J. Bryan Hehir
 Institution:  Harvard University; Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Boston
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1940
   
 
When J. Bryan Hehir was named chair of Harvard Divinity School's Executive Committee, Harvard Magazine's headline read, "Ecumenical Choice at the Divinity School." Announcing the position, then-President Neil Rudenstine said, "(Father Hehir's) combination of qualities - humanity, leadership, intelligence, judgment, commitment, and administration ability - is quite simply superb." Father Hehir was the main drafter of the Catholic Bishop Conference's The Challenge of Peace (on the ethics of nuclear war and deterrence) in 1983. He has written abundantly on the ethics of force, on bio-ethics, development and population issues, and on Vatican diplomacy. He continues to carry pastoral responsibilities as a Catholic priest of the Boston Diocese and to act as an active counsellor to the Catholic Aid Services, the relief and development agency of the U.S. Catholic bishops throughout the world. He is an outstanding teacher and also continues in that role. He is presently Parker Gilbert Montgomery Professor of the Practice of Religion and Public Life at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government and President of the Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Boston.
 
19Name:  Dr. David M. Kennedy
 Institution:  Stanford University
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  303. History Since 1715
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1941
   
 
David M. Kennedy, the Donald J. McLachlan Professor of History Emeritus at Stanford University, is a native of Seattle and a 1963 Stanford graduate. He received his Ph.D. in American Studies from Yale University in 1968. He joined the Stanford faculty in 1967. Professor Kennedy has long taught courses on the history of the twentieth-century United States, American political and social thought, American foreign policy, American literature, the comparative development of democracy in Europe and America, and the history of the North American West. Graduating seniors have four times elected him as Class Day speaker, and in 1988 he was presented with the Dean's Award for distinguished Teaching. He has also received the Stanford Alumni Associations' Richard W. Lyman Award for faculty service and the Hoagland Prize for Excellence in undergraduate teaching, as well as the Wilbur Lucius Cross Medal from the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Reflecting his interdisciplinary training in American Studies, which combined the fields of history, literature, and economics, Professor Kennedy's scholarship is notable for its integration of economic and cultural analysis with social and political history. His 1970 book, Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger, embraced the medical, legal, political, and religious dimensions of the subject and helped to pioneer the emerging field of women's history. Over Here: The First World War and American Society (1980) used the history of American involvement in World War I to analyze the American political system, economy, and culture in the early twentieth century. Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945 (1999) recounts the history of the American people in the two great crises of the Great Depression and World War II. Kennedy is also the co-author of a textbook in American History, The American Pageant, now in its eighteenth edition. Birth Control in America was honored with both the John Gilmary Shea Prize in 1970 and the Bancroft Prize in 1971. Over Here was a Pulitzer Prize finalist in 1981. Freedom From Fear was a Main Selection of the Book-of- the-Month Club and the History Book Club, a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize, and winner of the Pulitzer and Francis Parkman Prizes, as well as the English-Speaking Union's Ambassador's Prize, and the Commonwealth Club of California's California Book Award Gold Medal, all in 2000. Professor Kennedy has been a visiting professor at the University of Florence, Italy, and has lectured on American history in Italy, Germany, Turkey, Scandinavia, Canada, Britain, Australia, Ireland, Russia, and China. In 1995-96, he was the Harmsworth Professor of American History at Oxford University. He delivered the Tanner Lectures at Oxford in 2003. He has served as chair of the Stanford History Department, as director of Stanford's Program in International Relations, as founding director of Stanford’s Bill Lane Center for the American West, and as associate Dean of the School of Humanities and Sciences. He has served on the Advisory Board for the Public Broadcasting System's "The American Experience" and has chaired the Test Development Committee for the Educational Testing Service's Advanced Placement Program in American History. He has also served as a director of the CORO Foundation, and on the Board of the Pulitzer Prizes and the California Academy of Sciences. He is also on the Board of Environmental Traveling Companions, a service organization for the handicapped. In 2015 Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack appointed him to the Advisory Council for the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail. He is an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences as well as the American Philosophical Society.
 
20Name:  Prof. Jack St. Clair Kilby
 Year Elected:  2001
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  103. Engineering
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1923
 Death Date:  June 20, 2005
   
Election Year
2001[X]
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