APS Member History

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21	Name:	Dr. Neil Leon Rudenstine
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1935

	An educator, administrator and literary scholar, Neil L. Rudenstine is president emeritus of Harvard University and chair of ARTstor, an initiative of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. In addition to his fine work as a teacher and scholar of English literature, he has proved himself to be a clear-sighted academic administrator who is deeply imbued with and committed to intellectual inquiry and the life of the mind. Dr. Rudenstine studied the humanities at Princeton University (B.A., 1956) and later attended New College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, where he received another B.A. and an M.A. In 1964, he received a Ph.D. in English literature from Harvard University. Most of Dr. Rudenstine's subsequent career has been dedicated to educational administration. Between 1968-88, he was a faculty member and senior administrator at Princeton University, serving as dean of students (1968-72), dean of the college (1972-77) and provost (1977-88). Previously, he served at Harvard from 1964-68 as an instructor and then as an assistant professor in the Department of English and American Literature and Language. After his time as provost of Princeton University, he served as executive vice-president of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation from 1988-91, becoming president of Harvard University in 1991 and serving until 2001. In addition to being an honorary Fellow of New College, Oxford, and Emmanuel College, Cambridge University, Dr. Rudenstine is Provost Emeritus of Princeton University as well as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. In 2011, he replaced Catherine Marron as the Chair of the Board of the New York Public Library, on which he has served as a trustee since 2001. In 2012 he published The House of Barnes: The Man, the Collection, the Controversy, for which he won the John Frederick Lewis Award of the American Philosophical Society.

22	Name:	The Honorable George P. Shultz
	Institution:	Hoover Institution, Stanford University
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1920
	Death Date:	February 6, 2021

	George P. Shultz served as the sixtieth United States Secretary of State from 1982-89, after which time he rejoined Stanford University as the Jack Steele Parker Professor of International Economics (now Emeritus) at the Graduate School of Business and the Thomas W. and Susan B. Ford Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution. He had previously taught at Stanford from 1974-82. Dr. Shultz's academic career also brought him to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1946-57) and the University of Chicago (1957-68). His other governmental positions include U.S. Secretary of Labor (1969-70), U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (1972-74) and chairman of President Ronald Reagan's Economic Policy Advisory Board (1981-82). From 1974-82 he worked in the private sector as president and director of the Bechtel Group. Dr. Shultz's publications include Workers and Wages in the Urban Labor Market (1970); (with Kenneth Dam) Economic Policy Beyond the Headlines (1978); the best-selling memoir Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State (1993); and Putting Our House Back in Order: A Guide to Social Security and Health Care Reform (2007). He was awarded the Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, in 1989, and he has also received the Seoul Peace Prize (1992), the Eisenhower Medal for Leadership and Service (2001) and the Reagan Distinguished American Award (2002). He is the recipient of the Elliot Richardson Prize for Excellence and Integrity in Public Service, The James H. Doolittle Award, and the John Witherspoon Medal for Distinguished Statesmanship. The George Shultz National Foreign Service Training Center in Arlington, Virginia, was dedicated in his honor in 2002. Dr. Shultz was named a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association in 2005. He holds a Ph.D. degree in industrial economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1949). He died on February 6, 2021.

23	Name:	Dr. Solomon H. Snyder
	Institution:	Johns Hopkins University
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	208. Plant Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1938

	Solomon H. Snyder received his undergraduate and medical training at Georgetown University and his psychiatric training at The Johns Hopkins University (JHU). In 1966, he joined the staff of the Department of Pharmacology at JHU's School of Medicine. Presently he is Distinguished Service Professor of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Pharmacology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Many advances in molecular neuroscience have stemmed from Dr. Snyder's identification of receptors for neurotransmitters and drugs and elucidation of the actions of psychotropic agents. He pioneered the labeling of receptors by reversible ligand binding in the identification of opiate receptors and extended this technique for all the major neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. In characterizing each new group of receptors, he also elucidated actions of major neuroactive drugs. The isolation and subsequent cloning of receptor proteins stems from the ability to label, and thus monitor, receptors by these ligand binding techniques. The application of Dr. Snyder's techniques has enhanced the development of new agents in the pharmaceutical industry by enabling rapid screening of large numbers of candidate drugs. Dr. Snyder is the recipient of numerous professional honors including the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Biomedical Research (1978), the Wolf Foundation Prize in Medicine (1983), the Franklin Institute's Bower Award (1991), the Albany Prize in Medicine (2007), and the National Medal of Science (2004). He is the author of more than 900 journal articles and several books including Uses of Marijuana (1971), Madness and the Brain (1974), The Troubled Mind (1976), Biological Aspects of Abnormal Behavior (1980), Drugs and the Brain (1986) and Brainstorming (1989). Dr. Snyder was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1992.

24	Name:	Dr. Jonathan Dermot Spence
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1936
	Death Date:	December 25, 2021

	An outstanding historian of China, Jonathan Spence specializes in the intellectual history of that nation from the seventeenth century through the present, and on Western images of China since the Middle Ages. A graduate of Yale University (Ph.D., 1965), he has served as a professor at Yale since 1971 and is currently Sterling Professor of History there. His books include The Death of Woman Wang (1978); The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (1984); The Question of Hu (1987); Chinese Roundabout: Essays on History and Culture; The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution 1895-1980; The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds; God's Chinese Son (1994) and Return to Dragon Mountain (2007). Winner of the John Adison Porter Prize (1965), the Los Angeles Times Book Award (1982) and the Vursell Prize, Dr. Spence is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. His research frequently takes him to China and to many Chinese universities.

25	Name:	Dr. Joan A. Steitz
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Joan A. Steitz is Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University as well as an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. She has made important research contributions to the study of the role of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in eukaryotic cells, and she is credited with discovering that complexes containing these snRNAs reacted specifically with sera from autoimmune patients. She then recognized that sequences in one of these snRNAs were complementary to sequences important in splicing of RNA in the nucleus of cells. This hypothesis proved correct and played a critical role in directing the field. Dr. Steitz is the recipient of prestigious awards such as the Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry (1982), the National Medal of Science (1987), the Dickson Prize for Science (1989), the Cristopher Columbus Discovery Award in Biomedical Research (1992), the Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award (2002), the Albany Medical Center Prize in Medicine and Biomedical Research (2008), the Connecticut Medal of Science (2015), the William Clyde DeVane Medal (2016), and the Wolf Prize in Medicine (2021). A graduate of Antioch College (B.S., 1963) and Harvard University (Ph.D., 1967), she was elected to the membership of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1982 and the National Academy of Sciences in 1983.

26	Name:	Dr. Joseph Hooton Taylor
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Joseph H. Taylor, Jr., is the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Physics, Emeritus, at Princeton University. He received his B.A. in physics from Haverford College in 1963 and his Ph.D. in astronomy from Harvard University in 1968. Affiliated with the University of Massachusetts between 1969 and 1981, he also served as a consultant in mathematics/neurosurgery at Massachusetts General Hospital. In 1980 he joined the faculty of Princeton University; he received a MacArthur Foundation Prize at the same time. Greatly expanding upon his childhood love of radio-frequency electronics, Dr. Taylor's research explores problems in astrophysics and gravitational physics by means of radio-wavelength studies of pulsars. The importance of his efforts was acknowledged in 1992 by the Wolf Prize in Physics, and in 1993 he was co-recipient (with Russell A Hulse) of the Nobel Prize in Physics for the "discovery of a new type of pulsar, thus opening up new possibilities for the study of gravitation." Dr. Taylor served as Dean of the Faculty at Princeton from 1997 to 2003. A prolific author and lecturer, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1992.

27	Name:	Dr. Helen Hennessy Vendler
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1933

	Helen Vendler was awarded the Henry Allen Moe Prize in the Humanities for her paper presented to the Society at its joint meeting with the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. Entitled "Seamus Heaney and the Oresteia: 'Mycenae Lookout' and the Usefulness of Tradition," it is a masterful analysis, not only of the content of the poem, but of the structure of the poetry and how line and meter reflect the emotion the poet seeks to convey. Helen Vendler is A. Kingsley Porter University Professor at Harvard University, where she received her Ph.D. in English and American Literature in 1960 (after doing an undergraduate degree in chemistry at Emmanuel College, Boston). Before coming to Harvard, she taught at Cornell, Swarthmore, Haverford, Smith, and Boston University. She has been a frequent lecturer at the Yeats Summer School in Sligo. She has held many fellowships (Guggenheim, Wilson, APS, NEH, etc.) and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, The American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Swedish Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Modern Language Association (of which she was president in 1980). She holds twenty four honorary degrees from universities and colleges here and in Norway (University of Oslo), England (Cambridge) and Ireland (National University of Ireland and Trinity College). Dr. Vendler is the author of Yeats's Vision and the Later Plays (1963), On Extended Wings: The Longer Poems of Wallace Stevens (1969), The Poetry of George Herbert (1975), The Odes of John Keats (1983), Wallace Stevens: Words Chosen Out of Desire (1986), The Music of What Happens: Essays on Poetry and Criticism (1988), Soul Says: On Recent Poetry (1995), The Given and the Made: Lowell, Berryman, Dove, Graham (1995), The Breaking of Style: Hopkins, Heaney, Graham (1995), Poems, Poets, Poetry (1996), The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets (1997), Seamus Heaney (1998) Coming of Age As a Poet (2003), Poets Thinking (2004), Invisible Listeners (2005), and Our Secret Discipline: Yeats and Lyric Form (2007). She also has reviewed contemporary poetry for The New Yorker, The New York Review of Books, The New Republic, The London Review of Books, and other journals, and lectures widely both in the United States and abroad. She delivered the 56th A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts at the National Gallery of Art in 2007. She was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1992.

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