| | 1 | Name: | Miss Anne d'Harnoncourt | | | Institution: | Philadelphia Museum of Art | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | Death Date: | June 1, 2008 | | | | |
| 2 | Name: | Dr. James H. Billington | | | Institution: | Library of Congress | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | November 20, 2018 | | | | | | |
James H. Billington served as the Librarian of Congress beginning in 1987. Born in Bryn Mawr, PA, he attended Princeton University and earned his D.Phil. degree in 1953 from Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar at Balliol College. Following service in the military, Dr. Billington taught history at Harvard University (1957-62) and Princeton University (1962-74). In late 1973, Dr. Billington became director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, founding both the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russia Studies as well as the Wilson Quarterly during his fourteen-year tenure at the Center. His publications in the field of Russian history and culture included The Face of Russia (1998), a companion book to a three-part PBS television series of the same title narrated and written by Dr. Billington, and Russia in Search of Itself (2004). Dr. Billington received forty honorary degrees as well as the Woodrow Wilson Award of Princeton University and the UCLA Medal. He was a member of the Board of Foreign Scholarships (1971-76; chairman, 1973-75), which administers the Fulbright Exchange Program worldwide. He was the founder and Chairman of the Board of the Open World Exchange program. He received state honors from the governments of Brazil, Italy, Germany, the Republic of Korea, and the Kyrgz Republic, as well as the highest honors awarded to foreigners by France (The Legion of Honor) and Russia (The Order of Friendship). He championed the addition of digital collections to traditional analog materials and services to the Library of Congress and gained UNESCO backing in 2007 for a new World Digital Library of original and important primary materials from the world's varied cultures. Dr. Billington served on the Board of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences as well as the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1988. | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. Charles Blitzer | | | Institution: | Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | 2/19/99 | | | | |
| 4 | Name: | Dr. Jonathan M. Brown | | | Institution: | New York University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1939 | | | Death Date: | January 17, 2022 | | | | | | |
Jonathan Brown has been Carroll and Milton Petrie Professor of Fine Arts at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, since 1976, and he has also taught at Princeton University, Oxford University and Williams College. A leading expert on Spanish art, particularly painting from the time of Velasquez and other masters of the Golden Age, he is the author of the highly acclaimed Velasquez: Painter and Courtier (1986) and Images and Ideas in Seventeenth Century Spanish Paintings (1978), among other works. Combining the approaches of the art historian with those of the historian of politics and society, Dr. Brown has significantly deepened and extended the appreciation of Spanish art and culture in the United States and has opened up fresh perspectives for research and a new generation of scholars. His other areas of expertise include colonial Latin American art and the history of art collecting. In recognition of his many contributions to the field of Spanish painting, he has received the Gran Cruz de la Orden de Alfonso X el Sabio and the Premio Elio Antonio Nebrija, the latter from the University of Salamanca, for lifetime achievement in Spanish studies. The phrase "images and ideas" is not only the title of one of Dr. Brown's books, but a description of his entire approach to art history. | |
| 5 | Name: | Dr. Purnell W. Choppin | | | Institution: | Howard Hughes Medical Institute | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 209. Neurobiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | July 3, 2021 | | | | | | |
Purnell W. Choppin was President Emeritus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), serving from 1987-99. HHMI, one of the world's largest philanthropic organizations, supports research at medical schools, universities, and research institutes across the country and operates grants programs for science education at every level from elementary school through postdoctoral training, and for international biomedical research. He is also a principal of The Washington Advisory Group, LLC, which provides strategic counsel and management consulting services to universities, governments, and not-for-profit organizations. Before joining HHMI, Dr. Choppin was at the Rockefeller University, where he was Leon Hess Professor of Virology, vice president for academic programs, and dean of graduate studies. Dr. Choppin was a member of many scientific and professional societies, including the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and the Association of American Physicians. In 1985-86 he was President of the American Society for Virology. His honors and awards include the Howard Taylor Ricketts Award from the University of Chicago (1978); the Selman A. Waksman Award for excellence in microbiology from the NAS (1984); the University of California, San Francisco Medal (2000); and many honorary degrees. Dr. Choppin was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1988. He died on July 3, 2021. | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. William Coleman | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 401. Archaeology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1934 | | | Death Date: | ././88 | | | | |
| 7 | Name: | Dr. Philip E. Converse | | | Institution: | University of Michigan | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 304. Jurisprudence and Political Science | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | Death Date: | December 30, 2014 | | | | | | |
Philip Converse was a leading scholar in the field of political behavior for three decades. Having conducted important research on political opinion and electoral behavior, he was central to transforming the descriptive study of government into today's comparative and analytical study of politics. His 1964 article "The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics" held that public opinion tended to be inconsistent across issues, unstable over time and not particularly considerate of ideology. Political Representation in France (1986), his comprehensive work with Roy Pierce, was immediately recognized as a landmark study, winning the 1987 Woodrow Wilson Foundation Book Award. Another work, The American Voter (1960), written with Angus Campbell, made proficient use of data from National Elections Studies, a seminal set of surveys of American public opinion that were carried out at the University of Michigan. Dr. Converse was associated with the University of Michigan since receiving his Ph.D. from that institution in 1958. He served as director of the university's Institute for Social Research and as Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Political Science, among other positions. Philip Converse died December 30, 2014, in Ann Arbor at age 86. | |
| 8 | Name: | Dr. Jared Mason Diamond | | | Institution: | University of California, Los Angeles | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | | |
Jared Diamond, professor of geography and physiology at the University of California, Los Angeles Medical School, researches integrative and evolutionary physiology and regulation of nutrient transport, among other interests. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1961 and spent five years at Harvard University as a junior fellow and associate in biophysics before joining the faculty at UCLA in 1966. Dr. Diamond is known for his outstanding achievements in a number of fields, as a membrane physiologist, population biologist (particularly island ecology) and intrepid explorer (reaching several previously unvisited and almost inaccessible mountain ranges in the interior of New Guinea). His brilliant analysis of the factors controlling species diversity completely revolutionized that branch of population biology, and his delightful essays in Nature dealing with little known aspects of biology document the breadth of his scholarship. His popular science works often combine anthropology, biology, linguistics, genetics and history. Dr. Diamond's book Guns, Germs and Steel (1997) was recognized with the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction, and his recent book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (2004), examines some of the great civilizations of the past and what contemporary society can learn from their fates. He is also the author of The World Until Yesterday: What Can We Learn from Traditional Societies? (2012). The recipient of numerous prizes, including the 1998 Japanese Cosmos Award, Dr. Diamond is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. | |
| 9 | Name: | Dr. Charles L. Fefferman | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1949 | | | | | | |
Charles Fefferman has been professor of mathematics at Princeton University since 1974. After earning his Ph.D. from Princeton at the age of 20, he joined the faculty of the University of Chicago, becoming in 1971 the youngest full professor at an American university. In 1974 he returned to Princeton. Winner of the Fields Medal, Dr. Fefferman has obtained results of unusual depth in several fields of classical analysis: Fourier analysis; the general theory of linear partial differential equations; and the theory of holomorphic mappings and pseudoconvex domains in several complex variables. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. | |
| 10 | Name: | Dr. Sheldon Hackney | | | Institution: | University of Pennsylvania | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | Death Date: | September 12, 2013 | | | | | | |
Sheldon Hackney was Professor Emeritus of History and President Emeritus at the University of Pennsylvania. His special interests were in the history of the South since the Civil War, the 1960s, and the American identity. He received his B.A. from Vanderbilt University in 1955 and Ph.D. from Yale University in 1966, studying under C. Vann Woodward. His first book, Populism to Progressivism in Alabama (1969) won the Albert J. Beveridge Prize of the American Historical Association and the Charles Sydnor Award of the Southern Historical Association. Professor Hackney served as Provost of Princeton University (1972-75); President of Tulane University (1975-81); and President of the University of Pennsylvania (1981-93). In 1993 he became chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities, returning to the Penn faculty in 1997. He had written and spoken widely about Southern history, higher education, and the role of the humanities in American life. His wife was Lucy Durr Hackney, an attorney and advocate for public policy affecting children. They had three children and eight grandchildren. Sheldon Hackney was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1988. He died September 12, 2013, at the age of 79. | |
| 11 | Name: | Dr. John J. Hopfield | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | | | | |
John J. Hopfield has been a professor at Princeton University since 1997 and Howard A. Prior Professor of Molecular Biology since 2001. After receiving his Ph.D. in physics from Cornell University in 1957, he worked as a member of the Bell Laboratories technical staff (1958-60, 1973-89) and as a research physicist at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris (1960-61). He has served on the faculties of the University of California, Berkeley (1961-64), the California Institute of Technology (1980-97) and Princeton University (1964-80, 1997- ) and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. A scientist of considerable range, Dr. Hopfield started his career as a solid state physicist before moving into molecular biology and conducting path-breaking research in neurosciences. His areas of interest have included the electron-transfer processes important to photosynthesis; the mechanism of biological proofreading in the transcription and expression of DNA; and the relation between brain function and computers. He has received numerous honors for his work, including the APS Prize in Biophysics (1985), the Dirac Medal from the International Center for Theoretical Physics (2001), the Swartz Prize from the Society for Neuroscience (2012), and the Franklin Institute's Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics (2019). | |
| 12 | Name: | Dr. Jeremy R. Knowles | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | Death Date: | April 3, 2008 | | | | |
| 13 | Name: | Dr. Daniel E. Koshland | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1920 | | | Death Date: | July 23, 2007 | | | | |
| 14 | Name: | Dr. Thomas W. Langfitt | | | Institution: | Wharton School of Pennsylvania & Glenmede Corporation | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | August 7, 2005 | | | | |
| 15 | Name: | Dr. Kenneth Levy | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | August 15, 2013 | | | | | | |
Kenneth Levy was Scheide Professor of Music History Emeritus at Princeton University. Well known for his work in medieval music, particularly Byzantine and Latin plainchant, he was considered among the world's leading musicologists. A Guggenheim fellow who worked with Frederick R. Mann at Brandeis University, Dr. Levy joined the Princeton faculty in 1966 and was named chairman of the music department a year later. In 1983 he received Princeton's Berhrman Award in recognition of his scholarship and success in the teaching of music and putting the history of music into a culturally historical context. He is the author of works including Music: A Listener's Introduction and Gregorian Chant and the Carolingians. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1988. Kenneth Levy died on August 15, 2013, at the age of 86 in Princeton, New Jersey. | |
| 16 | Name: | Dr. Peter Paret | | | Institution: | Institute for Advanced Study | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | September, 11, 2020 | | | | | | |
Peter Paret was Mellon Professor in the Humanities Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and Raymond A. Spruance Professor of International History at Stanford University. His principal areas of research were the history of war, particularly in the 18th and early 19th century, and the history of European culture from the 18th to the 20th century. He was born in Berlin in 1924 and is a graduate of the University of London (Ph.D., 1960). Before joining the Institute in 1986, he held positions at Princeton University, the University of California, Davis, and Stanford University. In the academic year 2008-09 he gave the Lees Knowles Lectures on the History of War at Cambridge University - the expanded text of which was published in 2009 - and organized an exhibition on the work of the sculptor Ernst Barlach that opened on March 1, 2009 at the Art Museum of Princeton University. Among his ten monographs are Clausewitz and the State (1976); The Berlin Secession (1980); Art as History (1988); and An Artist Against the Third Reich: Ernst Barlach, 1933-38. He has also published two volumes of essays: Understanding War (1992) and German Encounters with Modernism, 1840-1945 (2001). In 2012 he coauthored Myth and Modernity: Barlach's Drawings on the Nibelungen with Helga Thieme. He was awarded the Great Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2013, having been an officer of the Order for the past decade. In 2017 he won the Pritzker Literature Award. He died in Salt Lake City, Utah, on September 11, 2020 at age 96. | |
| 17 | Name: | Dr. David Pines | | | Institution: | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign & University of California, Davis | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | May 3, 2018 | | | | | | |
David Pines was the founding co-director of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (a multicampus research program of the University of California) and Research Professor of Physics and Professor Emeritus of Physics and Electrical and Computer Engineering in the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, on whose faculty he had served since 1978. The recipient of two Guggenheim Fellowships, the Feenberg Medal and the Friemann, Dirac, and Drucker Prizes, Dr. Pines made seminal contributions to the theory of many-body systems and to theoretical astrophysics. His research focuses on the search for the organizing principles responsible for emergent behavior in matter, with particular attention to correlated matter, the study of materials in which unexpectedly new classes of behavior emerge in response to the strong and competing interactions among their elementary constituents. He was a member of National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences. David Pines died May 3, 2018, at age 83 in Urbana, Illinois. | |
| 18 | Name: | Dr. Peter Hamilton Raven | | | Institution: | Missouri Botanical Garden & Washington University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | | | | |
Peter H. Raven is one of the world's leading botanists and advocates of conservation and biodiversity. For four decades, he headed the Missouri Botanical Garden, an institution he nurtured into a world-class center for botanical research and education, and horticultural display. He retired as president in 2010 and assumed the role of president emeritus and consultant through 2014. Described by Time magazine as a "Hero for the Planet," Raven champions research around the world to preserve endangered plants and is a leading advocate for conservation and a sustainable environment.
In recognition of his work in science and conservation, Raven is the recipient of numerous prizes and awards, including the 2003 Japanese Cosmos Award, the prestigious International Prize for Biology from the government of Japan and the U.S. National Medal of Science, the country's highest award for scientific accomplishment. He has held Guggenheim and John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation fellowships.
Raven was a member of President Bill Clinton's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology. He also served for 12 years as home secretary of the National Academy of Sciences and is a member of the academies of science in Argentina, Brazil, China, Denmark, India, Italy, Mexico, Russia, Sweden, the U.K., and several other countries. The author of numerous books and reports, both popular and scientific, Raven co-wrote Biology of Plants, an internationally best-selling textbook, now in its sixth edition. He also co-authored Environment, a leading textbook on the environment. | |
| 19 | Name: | Dr. Fritz Stern | | | Institution: | Columbia University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | May 18, 2016 | | | | | | |
One of America's best known historians, Fritz Stern was University Professor Emeritus at Columbia University, where he taught since receiving his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1953. Dr. Stern's prime field of interest was modern Germany, in which he had explored the financial policy that underlay Bismarck's program of national unification, contributed to intellectual history and modern historiography, and examined the connection between intellectual and political developments. He was also particularly concerned with the rise of natural science and its impact on government policy and politics in connection with his editorial work on the Einstein Papers and the history of the Max Planck Institutes. The author of books such as The Politics of Cultural Despair: A Study in the Rise of the German Ideology (1961), The Responsibility of Power (1967) and Gold and Iron: Bismarck, Bleichroder and the Building of the German Empire (1977), Dr. Stern also served on the editorial board of Foreign Affairs for many years. He had been honored with a Guggenheim fellowship, the Lionel Trilling Award and membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. In 2006 he published Five Germanys I Have Known, a look back at the many incarnations of his native land. In 2007 he received the Jacques Barzun Prize for Cultural History from the APS in recognition of that book. Fritz Stern died at his home in Manhattan on May 18, 2016, at the age of 90. | |
| 20 | Name: | Dr. Noel M. Swerdlow | | | Institution: | University of Chicago; California Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | Death Date: | July 24, 2021 | | | | | | |
A leading authority in the history of mathematical astronomy, Noel M. Swerdlow is a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology as well as Professor Emeritus of Astronomy and Astrophysics and of History at the University of Chicago. He has served on the Chicago faculty since 1982. Based on an outstanding knowledge of the sources ranging from Oriental to Western and extending over the period from early antiquity to the Copernican, his research is primarily concerned with the history of the exact science from antiquity through the seventeenth century. In his teaching he covers the history of the physical sciences in general. Dr. Swerdlow's published work includes "On Copernicus' Theory of Precession" (1975), "Blackstone's Newtonian Dissent" (1994), "Astronomy in the Renaissance" (1996) and "The Babylonian Theory of the Planets" (1998). He earned his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1968. | |
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