Subdivision
| • | 103. Engineering |
(1)
| | • | 104. Mathematics |
(1)
| | • | 106. Physics |
(2)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(1)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(1)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(1)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(1)
| | • | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology |
(1)
| | • | 302. Economics |
(1)
| | • | 303. History Since 1715 |
(1)
| | • | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences |
(1)
| | • | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century |
(1)
| | • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors |
(3)
|
| | 1 | Name: | Dr. D. R. Shackleton Bailey | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1917 | | | Death Date: | November 28, 2005 | | | | |
| 2 | Name: | Dr. William J. Baumol | | | Institution: | New York University & Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1922 | | | Death Date: | May 3, 2017? | | | | | | |
Economist William J. Baumol was born in 1922 in New York City. He received his B.S. from the College of the City of New York in 1942 and his Ph.D. from the University of London in 1949. Dr. Baumol was affiliated with Princeton University since 1949 as an assistant professor, associate professor, full professor and, senior economist and professor emeritus. He was also Harold Price Professor of Entrepreneurship and Academic Director of the Berkley Center for Entrepreneurial Studies at New York University's Stern School of Business. The author of more than 35 books and over 500 articles, Dr. Baumol was celebrated as an economic theorist, constructor of econometric models and business consultant. His honors and awards include eleven honorary degrees and membership in the British Academy, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1977. The eleventh edition of his book (with A. Blinder) Economics: Principles and Policy was published in 2011. His book The Cost Disease: Why Computers Get Cheaper and Health Care Doesn't was published in 2012. Dr. Baumol died May 3, 2017, at the age of 95. | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. Reinhard Bendix | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | 2/28/91 | | | | |
| 4 | Name: | Dr. Manson Benedict | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1907 | | | Death Date: | September 18, 2006 | | | | |
| 5 | Name: | Sumner McKnight Crosby | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1909 | | | Death Date: | 11/16/82 | | | | |
| 6 | Name: | Mr. William B. Eagleson | | | Institution: | Mellon Bank | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | February 5, 2021 | | | | | | |
William B. Eagleson, Jr. was Chairman Emeritus of Mellon Bank Corporation. He began his business life in banking at the Federal Reserve Bank in Philadelphia in 1949 before spending 34 years with Girard Bank, also of Philadelphia. He served as chairman of Girard Bank from 1974-85 and became chairman of Mellon Bank Corporation after its merger with Girard. From 1988-95 Mr. Eagleson was chairman of Grant Street National Bank in Pittsburgh, and he has served on advisory bodies to both the United States Treasury Department and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. As director for many years of the Private Investment Company for Asia, a multinational private sector development organization, Mr. Eagleson acquired extensive business experience in Japan and elsewhere in East Asia. He has been director of the International Monetary Conference and a member of the Advisory Committee on East Asian Studies at Princeton University. A native of Philadelphia, Mr. Eagleson holds an MBA from the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School. He died on February 5, 2021. | |
| 7 | Name: | Dr. Gerald M. Edelman | | | Institution: | The Scripps Research Institute; The Neurosciences Institute | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 209. Neurobiology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | May 17, 2014 | | | | | | |
Biologist Gerald Maurice Edelman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1972 for his work on the immune system and his discovery of the structure of antibody molecules. He was a professor of neurobiology at The Scripps Research Institute and the founder and director of The Neurosciences Institute, a nonprofit research center that studies the biological basis of higher brain function in humans. Dr. Edelman is noted for his theory of mind, which he elucidated in a trilogy of technical books, and in briefer form for a more general audience in his books Bright Air, Brilliant Fire (1992) and Wider than the Sky : The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness (2004). Second Nature: Brain Science and Human Knowledge (2006) offered reflections on how an understanding of the human brain and the phenomenon of consciousness might impact the nature of human knowledge itself. His other works include Topobiology (1988), which contains a theory of how the original neuronal network of a newborn's brain is established during development of the embryo, and Neural Darwinism (1987), which proposes a theory of memory built around the idea of plasticity in the neural network in response to the environment. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Dr. Edelman holds an M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. from Rockefeller University, where he had been a member of the faculty prior to joining the Scripps Institute. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1977. Dr. Edelman died on May 17, 2014, at the age of 84. | |
| 8 | Name: | Dr. Hans G. Güterbock | | | Institution: | University of Chicago | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1908 | | | Death Date: | March 29, 2000 | | | | |
| 9 | Name: | Dr. William H. McNeill | | | Institution: | University of Chicago | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 303. History Since 1715 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1917 | | | Death Date: | July 8, 2016 | | | | | | |
Primarily known for his outstanding general histories, Canadian historian William Hardy McNeill was a highly qualified scholar of original mind and synthetic power. His most popular book, The Rise of the West, explored world history in terms of the effect that different civilizations have had upon one another over time, especially the dramatic effect of the west on others over the past 500 years. He had also written extensively on Europe's eastern frontier and on the history of European epidemics and their social effects. Among his other distinguished works are America, Britain and Russia, 1941-46 (1954); Europe's Steppe Frontier (1964); Venice, the Hinge of Europe, 1081-1797 (1974) and The Human Web: A Bird's-Eye View of World History, which he published with his son, the historian J.R. McNeill, in 2003. A member of the faculty of the University of Chicago since 1947, Dr. McNeill held the title of Robert A. Millikan Distinguished Service Professor of History Emeritus. He was an Erasmus Prize and National Book Award recipient, one of eight 2009 National Humanities Medalists, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1997. William H. McNeill died on July 8, 2016, at the age of 98. | |
| 10 | Name: | Margaret Mead | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1902 | | | Death Date: | 11/15/78 | | | | |
| 11 | Name: | Dr. Martin Meyerson | | | Institution: | University of Pennsylvania | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1922 | | | Death Date: | June 2, 2007 | | | | |
| 12 | Name: | Eugene Ormandy | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1899 | | | Death Date: | 3/12/85 | | | | |
| 13 | Name: | Dr. Keith R. Porter | | | Institution: | University of Pennsylvania | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1912 | | | Death Date: | 5/2/97 | | | | |
| 14 | Name: | Prof. Andrew M. Gleason | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1921 | | | Death Date: | October 17, 2008 | | | | | | |
Mathematician Andrew Gleason is well known for his major part in the solution of "Hilbert's Fifth Problem," which concerns the characterization of lie groups. Following his undergraduate career at Yale University, he was appointed a Junior Fellow at Harvard University in 1946. He received an honorary M.A. from Harvard in 1953 and, after serving as assistant professor to professor of mathematics from 1950-69, he was named Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Andrew Gleason retired from the Harvard faculty in 1992. | |
| 15 | Name: | Dr. Gordon N. Ray | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1915 | | | Death Date: | 12/15/86 | | | | |
| 16 | Name: | Dr. Edwin E. Salpeter | | | Institution: | Cornell University | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | November 25, 2008 | | | | | | |
A recognized leader in the broad areas between physics, atomic theory and astrophysics, Edwin E. Salpeter is a theoretical physicist and J. G. White Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Physical Sciences at Cornell University, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1949. His recent interests include high velocity gas clouds and galaxy clusters and superclusters. Born in Austria in 1924, Dr. Salpeter holds a Ph.D. from the University of Birmingham, where he was also a research fellow in science and industry. In 1951 he explained how the triple-alpha reaction could make carbon from helium in stars, and he then went on to investigate the effects of nuclear physics on stellar evolution, deriving the initial mass function from stellar evolution and the observed abundances of stars of different luminosities. Dr. Salpeter has contributed many articles to scientific journals on problems of atomic physics, quantum electrodynamics, nuclear theory, energy production in stars and theoretical astrophysics and has also been involved in the study of synapses in neurobiology and epidemiology and Meta-analysis in medicine. A former vice president of the American Astronomical Society, Dr. Salpeter is the recipient of awards including the Bruce Medal (1987), the Bethe Prize (1999) and the Crafoord Prize (1997). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. | |
| 17 | Name: | Dr. Eliot Stellar | | | Institution: | University of Pennsylvania | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1919 | | | Death Date: | 10/12/93 | | | | |
| 18 | Name: | Dr. James D. Watson | | | Institution: | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 207. Genetics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | | | | |
James Watson earned a Ph.D. in zoology at the University of Indiana in 1950. He completed his postgraduate work at the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge, and in the process, working with Francis Crick discovered the double helical structure of DNA using X-ray diffraction methods originally implemented by physicist Maurice Wilkins. For this monumental discovery the three men were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. Watson was a member of the faculty at Harvard University from 1955-76. He became the director of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in 1968 and served as its president, then chancellor from 1994 to 2007. He was associate director at the National Center for Human Genome Research of the NIH from 1988-89 and its director from 1989-92. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and the National Medal of Science in 1997. The American Philosophical Society's 2001 Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in Science was awarded jointly to Francis H. C. Crick and James D. Watson. The citation on the prize certificate read, "In recognition of the determination of the structure of DNA, with Francis H. C. Crick, in 1953. Their brilliant discovery is universally recognized as one of the seminal events in biology in the twentieth century. The structure elegantly explained how DNA could replicate with the utmost fidelity. Their work launched one of the most productive areas of biological science - molecular biology." Dr. Watson is the author of Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965, 4th edition, 1986); The Double Helix (1968); The DNA Story, 1981; (with others) The Molecular Biology of the Cell (1983, 2nd edition, 1989, 3rd edition, 1994); (with J. Tooze and D. Kurtz) Recombinant DNA, A Short Course (1983, 2nd edition, 1992); A Passion for DNA (2000); Genes, Girls and Gamow (2001); DNA: The Secret of Life (2003); Darwin (foreword and commentary, 2005); Recombinant DNA: Genes and Genomes - A Short Course (with others, 2007); and Avoid Boring People (2007). Dr. Watson was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1977. | |
| 19 | Name: | Dr. Alvin M. Weinberg | | | Institution: | Oak Ridge Associated Universities | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1915 | | | Death Date: | October 18, 2006 | | | | |
| 20 | Name: | Dr. Harry Woolf | | | Institution: | Institute for Advanced Study | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1923 | | | Death Date: | January 6, 2003 | | | | |
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