American Philosophical Society
Member History

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1Name:  Dr. Meyer Howard Abrams
 Institution:  Cornell University
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  402. Criticism: Arts and Letters
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1912
 Death Date:  April 21, 2015
   
 
Among America's most highly respected literary scholars, Meyer Howard (Mike) Abrams was best known for his analysis of the Romantic period in English literature. Born in Long Branch, New Jersey in 1912, Dr. Abrams received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1940. He joined the faculty of Cornell University in 1945, becoming a full professor in 1953, Whiton Professor of English in 1960 and professor emeritus in 1983. His two greatest books, The Mirror and the Lamp and Natural Supernaturalism, are recognized as outstanding achievements. The former book ranked 25th in the Modern Library's list of the 100 best nonfiction books written in English during the past 100 years, and for the latter Dr. Abrams was awarded the James Russell Lowell Prize by the Modern Language Association. In 1962, he conceived and edited The Norton Anthology of English Literature, and he continued as general editor through its seventh edition. Dr. Abrams was the recipient of the Award in Humanistic Studies from the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Distinguished Scholar Award from the Keats-Shelley Society and the Award for Literature by the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. His book The Fourth Dimension of a Poem and Other Essays (2012) was released slightly before his 100th birthday. In 2014 he was awarded the National Humanities Medal. Dr. Abrams died April 21, 2015, at age 102, in Ithaca, New York.
 
2Name:  Dr. David Bodian
 Institution:  Johns Hopkins University
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  209. Neurobiology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1910
 Death Date:  9/18/92
   
3Name:  Dr. Cleanth Brooks
 Institution:  Yale University
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  402. Criticism: Arts and Letters
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1906
 Death Date:  5/10/94
   
4Name:  Dr. Preston Cloud
 Institution:  University of California, Santa Barbara
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  105. Physical Earth Sciences
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1912
 Death Date:  1/16/91
   
5Name:  Dr. Leon N Cooper
 Institution:  Brown University & Institute for Brain and Neural Systems
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  106. Physics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1930
   
 
Winner of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics, Leon Cooper is known for his role in developing the BCS theory of superconductivity and for the concept of Cooper electron pairs that bears his name. Dr. Cooper received his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1954 and taught at the Institute for Advanced Study, the University of Illinois and Ohio State University before moving to Brown University in 1958. At present he is Thomas J. Watson, Sr. Professor of Science at Brown and Director of the Institute for Brain and Neural Systems. His research at Brown focuses primarily on neural networks (architecture, learning rules, real world applications; biological basis of memory and learning; visual cortex: comparison of theory and experiment, mean field theories and foundations of the Quantum Theory). Dr. Cooper is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and a member of the Natural Academy of Sciences, among other distinctions.
 
6Name:  Dr. Otis Dudley Duncan
 Institution:  University of California, Santa Barbara
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1921
 Death Date:  November 16, 2004
   
7Name:  Paul John Flory
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1910
 Death Date:  9/8/85
   
8Name:  Dr. John Hope Franklin
 Institution:  Duke University & University of Chicago
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  303. History Since 1715
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1915
 Death Date:  March 25, 2009
   
 
John Hope Franklin was the James B. Duke Professor Emeritus of History and for seven years was Professor of Legal History in the Law School at Duke University. He was a native of Oklahoma and a graduate of Fisk University. Dr. Franklin received his A.M. and Ph.D. degrees in history from Harvard University and taught at a number of institutions, including Fisk University, St. Augustine's College, North Carolina Central University and Howard University. In 1956 he went to Brooklyn College as Chairman of the Department of History, and in 1964 he joined the faculty of the University of Chicago, serving as Chairman of the Department of History from 1967-70. At Chicago, he was the John Matthews Manly Distinguished Service Professor from 1969-82, when he became Professor Emeritus. With fellow APS member Ying-Shih Yu, Dr.Franklin shared the 2006 John W. Kluge Prize for the Study of Humanity. Professor Franklin's numerous publications include The Emancipation Proclamation, The Militant South, The Free Negro in North Carolina, Reconstruction After the Civil War and A Southern Odyssey: Travelers in the Ante-bellum North. Perhaps his best known book is From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African-Americans (1947), now in its ninth edition. His Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities for 1976 was published in 1985 and received the Clarence L. Holte Literary Prize for that year. In 1990, a collection of essays covering a teaching and writing career of fifty years was published under the title Race and History: Selected Essays, 1938-1988, and in 1993 he published The Color Line: Legacy for the Twenty-first Century. His most recent work is Mirror to America: The Autobiography of John Hope Franklin (2005). Professor Franklin was also active in numerous professional and educational organizations and for many years served on the editorial board of the Journal of Negro History. He is often spoken of as the outstanding African-American historian in the United States. A man of exceptional objectivity and fairness, he has said that the challenge of his work has been to "weave into the fabric of American history enough of the presence of blacks so that the story of the United States could be told adequately and fairly." In 2006 Dr. Franklin was presented with the American Philosophical Society's Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Public Service. The citation read "in recognition of his achievement as the first American black scholar to break triumphantly through the color barrier when he was appointed Chair of the Brooklyn College History Department in 1956, and in recognition of his pioneering role in rescuing African-American history from oblivion through seventy years of powerful scholarship and teaching, the American Philosophical Society salutes John Hope Franklin. His life-long commitment to civil rights for all Americans, and his life-long determination to combat racism in all of its ugly forms, has liberated us all." John Hope Franklin died in 2009 at the age of 94. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1973.
 
9Name:  Dr. M. Alison Frantz
 Institution:  American School of Classical Studies
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  401. Archaeology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1903
 Death Date:  2/1/95
   
10Name:  Dr. Ward H. Goodenough
 Institution:  University of Pennsylvania
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  403. Cultural Anthropology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1919
 Death Date:  June 9, 2013
   
 
Anthropologist Ward Goodenough ably bridged the gap between traditional ethnology and studies of cultural change. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1919, he was educated at Cornell and Yale Universities and taught at the University of Wisconsin from 1945-49 before joining the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania. He was appointed professor of anthropology in 1962 and became University Professor Emeritus in 1989. Dr. Goodenough's interests included cultural and linguistic anthropology; social organization; anthropology of law; culture theory; and semantics. He conducted extensive fieldwork in Oceania, from Micronesia to New Guinea, and he had served as a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford (1958), as president of the American Ethnological Association (1962) and the Society for Applied Anthropology (1963), and as editor of The American Anthropologist (1966-70). His publications include Property, Kin and Community of Truk (1951), Native Astronomy in the Central Carolinas. (1953) and Cooperation in Change (1963). Along with his anthropological work, Dr. Goodenough also wrote poetry and composes music. Ward Goodenough was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1973. He died on June 9, 2013, at the age of 94, in Haverford, Pennsylvania.
 
11Name:  Dr. Michael H. Jameson
 Institution:  Stanford University
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1924
 Death Date:  August 18, 2004
   
12Name:  Dr. H. G. Khorana
 Institution:  Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1922
 Death Date:  November 9, 2011
   
 
Har Gobind Khorana was awarded the 1968 Nobel Prize in Medicine, along with Robert W. Holley and Marshall W. Nirenberg, for describing the genetic code and how it operates in protein synthesis. The team discovered that RNAs with three repeating units produced two alternating amino acids, while RNAs with four repeating units produced only dipeptides and tripeptides. This led them to identify stop codons, and in turn to establish that the biological language common to all living organisms is spelled out in sets of three nucleotides for a specific amino acid. Born in India, Dr. Khorana earned his Ph.D. at Liverpool in 1948. He was the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Biology and Chemistry Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with which he had been associated since 1969. Previously he served as head of the British Columbia Research Council's Organic Chemical Group (1952-60), as visiting professor at Rockefeller University (1958-60), and as professor of biochemistry at the University of Wisconsin (1960-68). The author of many research publications in scientific journals, Dr. Khorana has been honored with the Lasker Award (1968), the Horowitz Prize (1968), the National Medal of Science (1987), and membership in the National Academy of Sciences. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1973. Dr. Khorana died November 9, 2011, at the age of 89 in Concord, Massachusetts.
 
13Name:  Dr. Bernard Lewis
 Institution:  Princeton University
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1916
 Death Date:  May 19, 2018
   
 
Bernard Lewis received the Thomas Jefferson Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Arts, Humanities or Social Sciences in 1990 "in recognition of his pioneering work in Ottoman-modern Turkish studies, on Race and Colour, and on Muslim views of Europe; of his fundamental role in refining and promoting the writing of Islamic History; and of his contribution in explaining the Middle East to generations of students and to large audiences in the West." Dr. Lewis received a B.A. in 1936 and a Ph.D. in 1939 from the University of London and was Professor of the History of the Near and Middle East at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London from 1949 to 1974. In 1974 he moved to Princeton University as the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor of Near Eastern Studies with a concurrent membership at the Institute for Advanced Study. In 1986 he became the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor Emeritus and began a four-year tenure as the Director of the Annenberg Research Institute in Philadelphia. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1973 and was awarded the National Humanities Medal by President Bush in 2006. An eminent scholar, Dr. Lewis was a prolific author, illuminating the Middle East with clarity and erudition. His impressive list of publications includes The Origins of Ismailism (1940); Handbook of Diplomatic and Political Arabic (1947); Land of Enchanters (1948, 2001); The Arabs in History (1950, 7th edition 1993); The Emergence of Modern Turkey (1961, 1968); Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire (1963); The Assassins (1968); Islam from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople (2 vols., 1974); History--Remembered, Recovered, Invented (1975); The Muslim Discovery of Europe (1982); The Jews of Islam (1984); Semites and anti-Semites (1986, 1997, 1999); The Political Language of Islam (1988); Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry (1990); Islam and the West (1993); The Shaping of the Modern Middle East (1993); Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Age of Discovery (1995); The Middle East: Two Thousand Years of History from the Rise of Christianity to the Present Day (1995); The Multiple Identities of the Middle East (1998); A Middle East Mosaic: Fragments of life, letters and history (2000); Music of a Distant Drum: Classical Arabic, Persian, Turkish & Hebrew Poems (2001); What Went Wrong: Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response (2002); The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror(2003); From Babel to Dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East (2004); Political Words and Ideas in Islam (2008); and Faith and Power: Religion and Politics in the Middle East (2010). He has co-edited The Cambridge History of Islam (1970) and The Encylopedia of Islam (2nd edition, vols. I-VI). Dr. Lewis's many honors and awards include the Ataturk Peace Prize (1998), the Irving Kristol Award (2007) and fifteen honorary doctorates. He was a fellow of the British Academy (1963), a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1983), and a corresponding member of the Institut de France, Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1994). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1973. Bernard Lewis died May 19, 2018, at the age of 101 in New Jersey.
 
14Name:  Dr. Robert A. Nisbet
 Institution:  Columbia University
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  303. History Since 1715
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1913
 Death Date:  9/9/96
   
15Name:  Dr. John R. Pierce
 Institution:  Stanford University
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  103. Engineering
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1910
 Death Date:  April 2, 2002
   
16Name:  Dr. Frank Press
 Institution:  National Academy of Sciences
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  105. Physical Earth Sciences
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1924
 Death Date:  January 29, 2020
   
 
Frank Press was President of the National Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the National Research Council from 1981-93, Science Advisor to the President of the United States and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, from 1977-81. Prior to that, he was professor of geophysics at MIT and Chairman of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Dr. Press was also professor of geophysics at the California Institute of Technology and director of its Seismological Laboratory. He is a Life Member of the Corporation of MIT and Board Member of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the Monterey Bay Research Institute. He is also a director of a medical diagnostic device company. Dr. Press earned a B.S. from the City College of New York, and an M.A. and Ph.D. from Columbia University. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Royal Astronomical Society, the Royal Society, and the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is the recipient of thirty honorary degrees. Among his awards are the National Medal of Science, the Vannevar Bush Award, and the Pupin Medal from Columbia University. Dr. Press received the Japan Prize from the Emperor in 1993 and was awarded the Lomonosov Medal, the highest award of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dr. Press was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1973. He died January 29, 2020 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina at the age of 95.
 
17Name:  Dr. James B. Pritchard
 Institution:  University of Pennsylvania
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  401. Archaeology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1909
 Death Date:  1/1/97
   
18Name:  Dr. Edwin O. Reischauer
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  303. History Since 1715
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1910
 Death Date:  9/1/90
   
19Name:  Dr. Walter Orr Roberts
 Institution:  Universal Corporation for Atmospheric Research
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  101. Astronomy
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1915
 Death Date:  3/12/90
   
20Name:  Dr. Emil L. Smith
 Institution:  University of California, Los Angeles
 Year Elected:  1973
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1911
 Death Date:  May 31, 2009
   
 
Emil L. Smith is Professor of Biological Chemistry Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he has served on the faculty of the School of Medicine since 1963. One of the world's leading authorities on the amino acid sequences of proteins and on biochemical evolution, his research has dealt with photosynthesis; chlorophyll; physiology of the visual process; proteolytic enzymes; glycoproteins; cytochrome; histones; and glutamate dehydrogenases. An outstanding leader in biochemical research and a man of broad scientific interests, Dr. Smith earned his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1937. He subsequently worked as a Guggenheim Fellow at Cambridge and Yale and as a research associate at the Rockefeller Institute (1940-42) and as a biophysicist at E.R. Squibb & Company's Biological Laboratories (1942-46) before joining the faculty of the University of Utah (1946-63). From 1959-62 Dr. Smith also served as chairman of the United States National Committee on Biochemistry. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, he is the author (with A. White, P. Handler and others) of Principles of Biochemistry, for seven editions (1954-83) one of the leading textbooks in the field.
 
Election Year
1973[X]
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