APS Member History

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1	Name:	Dr. Bernard Bailyn
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1922
	Death Date:	August 7, 2020

	American historian Bernard Bailyn received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1953 and taught history there, becoming full professor in 1961, University Professor in 1980, and professor emeritus in 1993. He won the Pulitzer Prize twice: first for his book The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (1967) which also won the Bancroft Prize, in which he challenged long-standing interpretations of the causes of the American Revolution, and then for Voyagers to the West (1986), a study of Anglo-American migration patterns on the eve of the Revolution. Dr. Bailyn's other books include The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century (1955); Education in the Forming of American Society (1960); The Origins of American Politics (1968); The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson (1974), which won the National Book Award; The Peopling of British North America (1986); On the Teaching and Writing of History (1994); To Begin the World Anew: The Genius and Ambiguities of the American Founders (2003); Atlantic History: Concept and Contours (2005); and The Barbarous Years (2013). One of the wisest scholars on the colonial and Revolutionary period, Dr. Bailyn has also worked on economic, social and intellectual history. Since 1995 he has concentrated on Atlantic history, the interactions among the peoples of the four continents that border the Atlantic basin. Other posts he has held include editor-in-chief of the John Harvard Library, co-editor of the journal Perspectives in American History and Director of the Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History. Professor bailyn was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Academia Europaea, the British Academy, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the Mexican Academy of History and Geography. He was awarded the 2010 National Humanities Medal by President Obama.

2	Name:	Dr. Eric A. Blackall
	Institution:	Cornell University
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1914
	Death Date:	11/16/89

3	Name:	Dr. James MacGregor Burns
	Institution:	Williams College & University of Richmond
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1918
	Death Date:	July 15, 2014

	James MacGregor Burns was a Pulitzer Prize-winning Presidential biographer, a pioneer in the study of leadership, and a senior scholar at the Academy of Leadership at the University of Maryland that bears his name. He was also a Senior Scholar at the Jepson School of Leadership at the University of Richmond. Author of more than a dozen books, Dr. Burns devoted his professional life to the study of leadership in American political life. His books include Packing the Court: Judicial Leadership on Trial (2009),The Three Roosevelts: Patrician Leaders Who Transformed America , with Susan Dunn (2001), Dead Center: Clinton-Gore Leadership and the Perils of Moderation , with Georgia Sorenson (1999). Dr. Burns won the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award for his biographies Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox (1956) and Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (1970). His book Leadership (1978) is still considered the seminal work in the field of leadership studies, and his theory on transformational leadership has been the basis of more than 400 doctoral dissertations. Dr. Burns received his doctorate in political science from Harvard University, attended the London School of Economics and taught at Williams College. He was a Democratic nominee for the 1st Congressional District of Massachusetts in 1958 and also served as a delegate to four Democratic National Conventions. While in the military, he served as combat historian in the Pacific Theater from 1943-46 and was awarded the Bronze Star and four Battle Stars. Dr. Burns is a former president of the American Political Science Association, former president of the International Society of Political Psychology and former chair of the Berkshire Country Commission Against Discrimination. James MacGregor Burns died July 15, 2014, at the age of 95 in Williamstown, Massachusetts.

4	Name:	Dr. Bryce Crawford
	Institution:	University of Minnesota
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1914
	Death Date:	September 16, 2011

	Physical chemist Bryce Crawford, Jr. was associated with the University of Minnesota since 1940. He became a professor of physical chemistry there in 1946 and also served as chairman of the department and dean of the graduate school. At the time of his death he was Regent's Professor Emeritus. Dr. Crawford achieved prominence in the field of spectroscopy. He published the first of an influential series of papers on vibrational spectral intensities in 1950, systematically developed experimental techniques in areas such as infrared intensities and also carried out a wide range of investigations on molecular force fields, or the stiffness of chemical bonds. He had contributed significantly to the theory of molecular vibrations as well. Dr. Crawford was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and held a Ph.D. from Stanford University. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1971.

5	Name:	Dr. Frank Moore Cross
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1921
	Death Date:	October 16, 2012

	A leading expert on the Dead Sea Scrolls, philologist Frank Moore Cross, Jr. has been affiliated with Harvard University for nearly fifty years. After earning a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1950, he joined the Harvard faculty in 1954; four years later he became curator of the Semitic Museum and Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages (presently Emeritus) at Harvard. An extraordinarily gifted scholar, he is the author of many first-class papers in learned and popular journals. His many books include The Ancient Library of Qumran and Modern Biblical Studies, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic, and, as editor, the Hermeneia series of Old Testament commentaries and Qumran and the History of Biblical Text. In addition, he is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and has received several honorary degrees and prizes, including the William Foxwell Albright Award in Biblical Scholarship, the Israel Museum's Percia Schimmel Prize in Archaeology, and the Medalla de Honor of the University of Madrid.

6	Name:	William L. Day
	Year Elected:	1971
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	12/31/73

7	Name:	Kermit Gordon
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1916
	Death Date:	6/21/1976

8	Name:	Dr. Donald R. Griffin
	Institution:	Rockefeller University
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	November 7, 2003

9	Name:	Dr. Henry M. Hoenigswald
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	June 16, 2003

10	Name:	Dr. Paul J. Kramer
	Institution:	Duke University
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	208. Plant Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1904
	Death Date:	5/24/95

11	Name:	Dr. Mabel Louise Lang
	Institution:	Bryn Mawr College
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1917
	Death Date:	July 21, 2010

	An archaeologist and scholar of classical Greek and Mycenaen culture, Mabel Louise Lang was the Paul Shorey Professor of Greek Emeritus at Bryn Mawr College. She earned her Ph.D. from Bryn Mawr in 1943, after which time she joined the faculty, becoming professor of Greek in 1959. Early on, Dr. Lang mastered what became known as Greek Linear B, and she has written extensively on the Jn Formulas and on the usages of Athenian democracy. An expert on weights, tokens, measures and recondite archaeological artifacts, she was the author of a number of celebrated works, including Abacus and the Calendar (1964-65), Graffiti and Dipinti (1976), Athenian Citizen: Democracy in the Athenian Agora (2005), The Palace of Nestor at Pylos, and several books on classical Greek law. In addition to her brilliant archaeological and historical work, Dr. Lang was known as an inspiring teacher and willing collaborator. Mabel Lang died on July 21, 2010, at the age of 92 in Rosemont, Pennsylvania.

12	Name:	Dr. George W. Mackey
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1916
	Death Date:	March 15, 2006

13	Name:	Dr. William D. McElroy
	Institution:	University of California, San Diego
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1917
	Death Date:	2/17/99

14	Name:	Mr. Paul Mellon
	Institution:	Mellon Bank & National Gallery of Art
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	2/1/99

15	Name:	Dr. George A. Miller
	Institution:	Princeton University
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1920
	Death Date:	July 22, 2012

	George A. Miller was the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Princeton University at the time of his death on July 22 at the age of 92. Born in Charleston, West Virginia in 1920, he received his B.A. degree from the University of Alabama in 1940 and his Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard University in 1946. During and after World War II, he studied speech production and perception at Harvard, and in 1948, inspired by E. Shannon's mathematical theory of communication, he conducted a series of experiments measuring how a listener's expectations influence his perceptions. Dr. Miller summarized that work in 1951 in "Language and Communication," a text that helped to establish psycholinguistics as an independent field of research in psychology. He subsequently tried to extend Shannon's measure of information to explain short-term memory, work that resulted in a widely quoted (and often misquoted) paper, "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two." Dr. Miller's attempts to estimate the amount of information per word in conversational speech led him to Noam Chomsky, who showed him how the sequential predictability of speech follows from adherence to grammatical, not probabilistic, rules. The next decade was spent testing psychological implications of Chomsky's theories. Some of those ideas found expression in 1960 in "Plans and the Structure of Behavior," a book written jointly with E. Galanter and K. Pribram. In 1960 Dr. Miller co-founded, along with Jerome S. Bruner, the Harvard Center for Cognitive Studies. On the basis of these activities, Dr. Miller is generally considered one of the fathers of modern cognitive psychology. Dr. Miller's research interests shifted from grammar to lexicon, and in 1976 "Language and Perception," written with P. N. Johnson-Laird, presented a detailed hypothesis about the way lexical information is stored in a person's long-term memory. Dr. Miller attempted to test some aspects of the hypothesis with studies of the development of language in young children; that project was summarized in 1977 in "Spontaneous Apprentices: Children and Language." During this time, he served as a consultant to the Sloan Foundation in the program that helped to create the new field of cognitive science, and in 1986, in collaboration with Gilbert Harman, he established the Princeton Cognitive Science Laboratory, and in 1990 he wrote "The Science of Words," which won the William James Book Award from Division 1 of the American Psychological Association. From 1989-94 he served as Program Director of the McDonnell-Pew Program in Cognitive Neuroscience. His research has also produced WordNet, a lexical database that is widely used by computational linguists as part of natural language processing systems. In addition to his work on the facuties of Harvard and Princeton Universities, Dr. Miller had also taught at the University of Alabama, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Rockefeller University. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1962 and had served as president of the American Psychological Association. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1971. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1991.

16	Name:	Dr. Walle J.H. Nauta
	Institution:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	209. Neurobiology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1916
	Death Date:	3/24/94

17	Name:	Dr. Norman D. Newell
	Institution:	Columbia University& American Museum of Natural History
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1909
	Death Date:	April 18, 2005

18	Name:	Dr. Simon Ramo
	Institution:	TRW Inc.; University of Southern California
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	103. Engineering
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1913
	Death Date:	June 27, 2016

	Simon Ramo is recognized as a statesman and executor of high technology. He co-founded two Fortune 500 companies, one of which (TRW) was an enormously successful defense electronics firm that designed the American intercontinental ballistic missiles. He provided technical advice and systems analysis to the first Air Force ballistic missile program which produced the Thor, Alas, and Titan missiles in a five to six-year time period. Dr. Ramo had advised presidents, Cabinet members and Congress on questions of defense and scientific policy and has published a dozen books on subjects ranging from technology to tennis. Born in Salt Lake City in 1913, he earned a Ph.D. magna cum laude from the California Institute of Technology in 1936. Prior to working in defense, he served as a research engineer at the General Electric Corporation, where he attained worldwide recognition as a pioneer in microwave technology and developed GE's electron microscope. By the end of World War II, he held 25 patents in electronics. Dr. Ramo served on the National Science Board. He was the recipient of a special citation of honor from the United States Air Force for his role as the leading civilian in the Air Force's ballistic missile program. He had also been awarded the National Medal of Science and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He was inducted into the Business Hall of Fame, and his texts on science, engineering and management have been translated into many languages and are used in universities throughout the world. In January 2008 he joined the faculty of the University of Southern California's Viterbi School of Engineering as a presidential chair and professor of electrical engineering. He received his last patent, for a computer-based learning invention, at age 100. Simon Ramo died June 27, 2016, at age 103 at his home in Santa Monica, California.

19	Name:	Dr. Charles P. Slichter
	Institution:	University of Illinois
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	February 19, 2018

	Internationally recognized in condensed matter physics, Charles Slichter was one of the world's top research scientists in the area of magnetic resonance and a leading innovator in applications of resonance techniques to understanding the structure of matter. Dr. Slichter's deep physical insight and elegant experimental mastery have allowed him to make seminal contributions to an extraordinarily broad range of problems of both great theoretical interest and technological importance in physics and chemistry. Dr. Slichter received his A.B. (1946), M.A. (1947), and Ph.D. (1949) degrees from Harvard College, all in physics. During World War II, he worked as a research assistant at the Underwater Explosives Research Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts while an undergraduate at Harvard. He went to the University of Illinois in 1949 as an instructor in physics, was promoted to assistant professor in 1951, to associate professor in 1954, and to full professor in 1955. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1967, to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1969, and to the American Philosophical Society in 1971. He had received the Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics (American Physical Society, 1969), the Triennial Prize (International Society of Magnetic Resonance, 1986), the Comstock Prize (National Academy of Sciences, 1993), and the Oliver E. Buckley Prize in Condensed Matter Physics (American Physical Society, 1996), and the 2007 National Medal of Science. Although he retired from teaching in 1996, Dr. Slichter maintained an active research program. His textbook, Principles of Magnetic Resonance, in its third printing, has served as the standard in the field for three and a half decades. He directed the Ph.D. research of 63 Illinois graduates, a group that is contributing immeasurably to industry and academia. Charles Slichter died February 19, 2018, at the age of 94.

20	Name:	Rudolf Wittkower
	Year Elected:	1971
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1901
	Death Date:	10/11/71