American Philosophical Society
Member History

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21Name:  Mr. Richard Serra
 Year Elected:  2012
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  501. Creative Artists
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1938
   
 
Richard Serra was born November 2, 1938, in San Francisco. Serra attended the University of California at Berkeley and Santa Barbara from 1957 to 1961, receiving a B.A. in English literature. He then studied at Yale University, New Haven, from 1961 to 1964, completing his B.F.A. and M.F.A. Serra was honored with solo exhibitions at the Kunsthalle Tübingen, Germany, in 1978; the Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, in 1984; the Museum Haus Lange, Krefeld, Germany, in 1985; and the Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1986. Serra participated in Documenta V (1972), Documenta VI (1977) and Documenta VII (1982). The 1990s saw further honors for Serra’s work: a retrospective of his drawings at the Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht; the Wilhelm Lehmbruck prize for sculpture in Duisburg in 1991; and the following year, a retrospective at Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid. In 1993. In 1997-98, his Torqued Ellipses (1997) were exhibited at the Dia Center for the Arts, New York. Other recent projects include the eight-part permanent installation The Matter of Time at the Guggenheim Bilbao (2005) and "Richard Serra, Sculpture: Forty Years" at The Museum of Modern Art (2007) and Promenade (2008) conceived for Monumenta exhibition at the Grand Palais in Paris. The French Government made Serra Chevalier de L’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 1985, Officier de L’Ordre des Arts et Lettres in 1991 and Commandeur de L’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2008. Serra was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1993 and in 1994, he was awarded the Praemium Imperiale by the Japan Art Association. Serra was awarded the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at the 2001 Venice Biennale. In 2003 Serra was awarded the Orden Pour Le Merite fűr Wissenschaften und Kűnste and in 2009 he received das Grosse Verdienstkreuz mit Stern des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. In 2008 Serra was awarded La Medalla de la Orden de las Artes y las Letras de Espaňa. He has received Honorary Doctorate degrees from the California College of Arts and Crafts, Nova Scotia College for Art and Design, Williams College, the University of Navarra, Yale University, University of London and Harvard University. In 2010 the Fundación Principe de Asturias in Spain honored Serra the Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts and in 2014 he received the President's Medal of the Architectural League of New York.
 
22Name:  Dr. Brent D. Shaw
 Institution:  Princeton University
 Year Elected:  2012
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  404a
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1947
   
 
For advanced research work in Classics I went to Cambridge University in 1973 where I completed my doctoral dissertation research on pastoral nomadism and state regulation in the Roman empire under the aegis of Joyce Reynolds. After serving some of my first years in academia in the University of Birmingham and then at undergraduate institutions in Canada, I moved to the University of Pennsylvania in 1996, following a fellowship at the Institute for Advanced Study and a year as Visiting Professor of Classics at Princeton University. I then went to Princeton University in 2004, where I am currently the Andrew Fleming West Professor of Classics and Chair of the Committee for the Study of Late Antiquity. My principal areas of research have included the regional history of the Roman world with special emphasis on the African provinces of the empire; the demographic and social history of the Roman family; problems of violence and social order, beginning with studies on banditry in the mid 1980s, but shifting to problems of sectarian violence to which my current large work, Sacred Violence: African Christians and Sectarian Hatred in the Age of Augustine (Cambridge University Press 2011) is devoted. My current research is split between a major collective project on global history, entitled "Worlds Together, Worlds Apart," shared with other faculty in the Department of History at Princeton, and my own current work on the problem of economic activity and metaphorical representation.
 
23Name:  Dr. Christopher A. Sims
 Institution:  Princeton University
 Year Elected:  2012
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  302. Economics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1942
   
 
Christopher A. Sims is the Harold H. Helm '20 Professor of Economics and Banking at Princeton University. Born in Washington, DC he earned his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1968. He won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2011. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1988), National Academy of Sciences (1989), and American Economic Association (president, 2011- ). There are relatively few cases in which it can be said that a single person revolutionized an entire mode of intellectual inquiry, but that is the case with Christopher Sims and time series econometrics. His 1972 result that postwar data confirmed the existence of a unilateral causal relationship from money supply to GDP strongly influenced subsequent research on monetary policy. Subsequently, he single-handedly invented the Vector Autoregression (VAR) technique, and he has been a leader in many of the subsequent refinements and extensions of VAR methodology as well. Before Sims’ seminal work, there was a seemingly-unending battle over which variables were "exogenous" and which were "endogenous." For example, how can the government’s fiscal and monetary policy decisions be considered exogenous, when they likely respond to macroeconomic events? The VAR technique virtually ended that debate by treating all variables symmetrically (for example, tax cuts influence GDP, but GDP also influences tax cuts), and looking to learn about the macroeconomy via timing relationships. VARs are now ubiquitous in macroeconomics, which was and remains Sims’ main field of interest; indeed, virtually every empirical paper in macroeconomics begins (and many end) with VARs. But VARs are also used outside the realm of macroeconomics - almost anywhere time series data is analyzed. They have become the standard way to ferret out the "stylized facts." There is an old saying "let the data speak"; VARs have become the language through which time series data speaks. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012.
 
24Name:  Mr. Robert B. Strassler
 Institution:  Riverside Capital Management Corporation
 Year Elected:  2012
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1937
   
 
Robert B. Strassler is the Creator and Series Editor of The Landmark Editions and is President of the Riverside Capital Management Corporation. He has his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School (1961). He is the editor of The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, 1996; The Landmark Herodotus: The Histories, 2007, translated by Andrea L. Purvis; The Landmark Xenophon’s Hellenika, 2009, translated by John Marincola. He is the series editor of The Landmark Arrian: The Campaigns of Alexander, 2010, edited by James Romm, translated by Pamela Mensch; The Landmark Polybius: The Federation and Conquest of the Greek States, forthcoming 2012. A highly successful graduate of the Harvard Business School, Robert Strassler is currently President of Riverside Capital Management Corporation. He has long been interested in Greek history and has a knowledge of the field that goes far beyond that of most amateur enthusiasts. More importantly, he has undertaken to create and fund a series of editions of the great Greek historians in English translation with ample notes and supplementary commentary. These so-called "Landmark" volumes are now legendary for providing unparalleled access to Thucydides, Herodotus, Xenophon, Arrian, and soon Polybius in English translations, of which all but the first were new and commissioned by Strassler himself. Leading scholars of classics and ancient history have provided copious annotation, together with detailed maps, illustrations, and special essays. These sumptuously produced books allow Greekless readers to study Greek historical writing much as a professional scholar would do, because the notes and essays are so rich and informative. They have proven equally valuable to scholars because they are exceptionally up-to-date in their discussions of current problems and bibliography. The concept was entirely Strassler’s, and he has played a vigorous role in the preparation of every volume in the series. As a musician and player of the viola da gamba, he has supported the Aston Magna Foundation for Music and the Humanities. He is also the father of a theoretical high energy physicist and has consequently taken a lively interest in science. He has served as a member of the Advisory Council of the Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012.
 
25Name:  Dr. Jack W. Szostak
 Institution:  Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital
 Year Elected:  2012
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1952
   
 
Dr. Jack W. Szostak is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, and the Alex Rich Distinguished Investigator in the Dept. of Molecular Biology and the Center for Computational and Integrative Biology at Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Szostak is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Szostak’s early research was on the genetics and biochemistry of DNA recombination, which led to the double-strand-break repair model for meiotic recombination. At the same time Dr. Szostak made fundamental contributions to our understanding of telomere structure and function, and the role of telomere maintenance in preventing cellular senescence. For this work Dr. Szostak shared, with Drs. Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol Greider, the 2006 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award and the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In the 1990s Dr. Szostak and his colleagues developed in vitro selection as a tool for the isolation of rare functional RNA, DNA and protein molecules from large pools of random sequences. His laboratory has used in vitro selection and directed evolution to isolate and characterize numerous nucleic acid sequences with specific ligand binding and catalytic properties. For this work, Dr. Szostak was awarded, along with Dr. Gerald Joyce, the 1994 National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology and the 1997 Sigrist Prize from the University of Bern. In 2000, Dr. Szostak was awarded the Medal of the Genetics Society of America, and in 2008 Dr. Szostak received the H.P. Heineken Prize in Biophysics and Biochemistry. Dr. Szostak’s current research interests are in the laboratory synthesis of self-replicating systems and the origin of life.
 
26Name:  Dr. Terence Tao
 Institution:  University of California, Los Angeles
 Year Elected:  2012
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  104. Mathematics
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1975
   
 
Terence Tao was born in Adelaide, Australia in 1975. He has been a professor of mathematics at UCLA since 1999, having completed his PhD under Elias Stein at Princeton in 1996. Tao's areas of research include harmonic analysis, PDE, combinatorics, and number theory. He has received a number of awards, including the Salem Prize in 2000, the Bochner Prize in 2002, the Fields Medal and SASTRA Ramanujan Prize in 2006, the MacArthur Fellowship and Ostrowski Prize in 2007, and the Waterman Award in 2008. Terence Tao also currently holds the James and Carol Collins chair in mathematics at UCLA, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society, the Australian Academy of Sciences (Corresponding Member), the National Academy of Sciences (Foreign member), and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was named a Simons Investigator in 2012 by the Simons Foundation and was awarded the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics that same year. In 2014 he was awarded the Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics, established by Yuri Milner, along with four others. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012.
 
27Name:  Dr. Charles K. Williams
 Institution:  American School of Classical Studies at Athens
 Year Elected:  2012
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1930
   
 
Charles K. Williams II is both a Trustee of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and Field Director Emeritus of its Corinth Excavations. Born in Pennsylvania, he received his Ph.D. in 1978 from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1993 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Archaeological Institute of America. He is the author of The Temple of Zeus at Nemea, revision of B.H. Hill's 1966; Hesperia, annual reports of excavations at Corinth, 1966-96; and editor of Corinth the Centenary: 1896, 1996 (with N. Bookidis). Charles K. Williams may well be the finest excavator among all contemporary classical archaeologists. He devoted thirty years as Director of excavations at ancient Corinth in Greece, where he spent the greater part of every year and trained scores of archaeology students in what are now famous methods of excavation. Every season was promptly followed by a very substantial report. His guidance and encouragement of other scholars and openness to new interests and approaches, e.g. study of the neglected Frankish period and of faunal remains, made Corinth an unmatched center of research in classical archaeology. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012.
 
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