| | 1 | Name: | Prof. Francis Haskell | | | Institution: | University of Oxford | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | Death Date: | January 18, 2000 | | | | |
| 2 | Name: | Dr. Vyacheslav V. Ivanov | | | Institution: | University of California, Los Angeles & Russian State University for the Humanities | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 406. Linguistics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | October 7, 2017 | | | | | | |
Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov was born in 1929 in Moscow. Thanks to his parents (a well-known Russian writer and an actress of the Meyerhold avant-garde theatre) and their friends, he received a traditional Russian education and began writing poems, essays and prose works at an early age (most of which were never published). He continued his education at Moscow University (in the departments of Romance and Germanic philology and Sanskrit and Indo-European Studies) and received his Ph.D. in Hittite and Indo-European linguistics in 1955. He then taught comparative and general linguistics there, until he was dismissed in 1958 because of his friendship with Boris Pasternak. Due to political reasons, for thirty years he was unable to travel abroad as the government denied him an official travel visa. Fortunately, he was still able to continue his research work at the Institutes of the Academy of Sciences. In 1988 he was invited to return to Moscow University where he then became Chair of the new Department of the Theory and History of World Culture and Director of its affiliated Research Institute. Amidst the new political trends in Russia, he was elected to serve in the Russian Congress of People's Deputies, representing the researchers from the Institutes of the Academy. He has been appointed to several academies in Russia, Latvia, Great Britain, and the United States. With several Moscow and Tartu friends, he co-founded the Moscow-Tartu school of semiotics. In 1988, Professor Ivanov began teaching regularly at American universities - first at Yale University, then at Stanford University, and finally at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he was a professor in the department of Slavic Languages and Literatures and in the Indo-European Studies Program. Ivanov shared his time between Los Angeles and Moscow, where he taught in the Russian State University for the Humanities. He authored more than fifteen books and 1,000 journal articles. From 1992 on, he was editor-in-chief of a new journal in Slavic studies: Elementa. Journal of Slavic Studies and Comparative Cultural Semiotics, which continues the tradition of the Moscow-Tartu school. Professor Ivanov also directed the Library of Foreign Literature in Moscow and played a central role in promoting the necessity of open access to information in the democratization of Russian society. In addition to his standing as one of the great minds in 20th century intellectual life, Professor Ivanov was one of the greatest defenders of human rights in his country. Vyacheslav Ivanov died on October 7, 2017 at the age of 88. | |
| 3 | Name: | Mr. Frederik Willem de Klerk | | | Institution: | Former President of South Africa | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | Death Date: | November 11, 2021 | | | | | | |
Frederik Willem (F.W.) de Klerk was born in Johannesburg on March 18, 1936, the son of Senator Jan de Klerk, a senior Cabinet Minister. His school years were spent mainly in Krugersdorp, where he matriculated at Monument High School. He attended the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education and graduated in 1958 with B.A. and LL.B degrees (cum laude). During his university years he was actively involved in student affairs. Mr. de Klerk joined a firm of attorneys in Vereeniging that he helped to develop into one of the leading law firms outside South Africa's major metropolitan areas. At the same time he played a prominent role in numerous community activities. In 1972 he was offered the Chair of Administrative Law at Potchefstroom University but had to decline because of his decision to enter active politics. In November 1972 he was elected as Member of Parliament for Vereeniging. In 1978, shortly after his 42nd birthday and after only five and a half years as a back-bencher, he was appointed to the Cabinet. During the following 11 years he was responsible for the following portfolios consecutively: Posts and Telecommunications and Social Welfare and Pensions; Sport and Recreation; Mining and Environmental Planning; Mineral and Energy Affairs; Internal Affairs, as well as the Public Service; and National Education (the portfolio that he held when he was elected as State President). On July 1, 1985 Mr. de Klerk became Chairman of the Minister's Council in the House of Assembly. He became Leader of the House of Assembly on December 1, 1986. Mr. de Klerk was elected to the key post of Leader of the National Party in the Transvaal on March 6, 1982. On February 2, 1989, the caucus of the National Party chose him as the national Leader of the Party. On August 15, 1989, after the resignation of President P. W. Botha, Mr. de Klerk became Acting State President, and after the general election of September 6, was inaugurated as State President on September 20, 1989. Mr. de Klerk served as State President until President Nelson Mandela's inauguration on May 10, 1994. During this period he initiated and presided over the inclusive negotiations that led to the dismantling of "apartheid" and the adoption of South Africa's first fully democratic constitution in December 1993. After leading the National Party to the second place in South Africa's first fully representative general election of April 27, 1994 Mr. de Klerk was inaugurated as one of South Africa's two Executive Deputy Presidents. He served in this capacity until the end of June 1996 when his Party, under his leadership, decided to withdraw from the Government of National Unity. He was Leader of the Official Opposition until his retirement from active party politics on September 9, 1997. Mr. de Klerk has received numerous national and international honours and honorary doctorates. In 1981 he was awarded the South African Decoration for Meritorious Service. In 1992, he received the Prix du Courage Internationale (The Prize for Political Courage) and was co-recipient of the UNESCO Houphouet-Boigny Prize. He was also awarded the Prince of Asturias Prize in Spain during the same year. In July 1993, together with Mr. Nelson Mandela, Mr. de Klerk received the Philadelphia Peace Prize and on December 10 the same year was the co-recipient, also with Nelson Mandela, of the Nobel Peace Prize. In January 2000 Mr. de Klerk published his autobiography "The Last Trek - a New Beginning" and the same year established the F. W. de Klerk Foundation, which is dedicated to the promotion of peace in multi-communal societies. He makes numerous speeches around the world and actively participates as an elder statesman in international conferences on the promotion of harmonious relations in multi-communal societies, the future of Africa and South Africa and the challenges facing the world during the new millennium. Mr. de Klerk is in the process of establishing the Global Leadership Foundation, a foundation which has been registered in Switzerland with operational headquarters in London. Its objective will be to play a constructive role in the promotion of peace, democracy and development. A number of internationally respected former leaders and experts will join him in this new initiative. He is also the Honorary Chairman of the Prague Society for International Co-operation in the Czech Republic; a Member of the Assembly of the Parliament of Cultures in Istanbul and plays a substantial role in Forum 2000, a think tank initiated by former President Vaclav Havel and Nobel laureate Eli Wiesel. In addition, he serves on the advisory boards of the Peres Centre for Peace in Israel and the Global Panel in Germany. Mr. de Klerk lives on a farm outside Paarl about 60 kms from Cape Town where he and his wife Elita will soon be producing their own wine. He enjoys reading, the outdoor life and golf. | |
| 4 | Name: | Lord Jack Lewis | | | Institution: | Robinson College, Cambridge & University of Cambridge | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | Death Date: | July 17, 2014 | | | | | | |
Sir Jack Lewis, Lord Lewis of Newnham, FRS was a British chemist working mainly in the area of the transition elements. He was a pioneer in the study of metallorganic compounds, especially in their magnetic properties, and has been a leader in synthesizing and characterizing compounds containing clusters of metal atoms. Sir Jack earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of London and a Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Nottingham. In 1954 he was appointed lecturer at the University of Sheffield. He returned to London in 1956 as a lecturer at Imperial College London. From 1961-67 he served as professor of chemistry at the University of Manchester, eventually moving to University College London (1967-70) and the University of Cambridge (1970-95). He was also the first Warden of Robinson College from its foundation until 2001. Knighted in 1982, he won the Royal Society's Davy Medal in 1985 and was created Baron Lewis of Newnham, of Newnham in the County of Cambridgeshire, in 1989. In 2004 he received the Royal Society's Royal Medal. He was a member of the House of Lords, where he sat as a cross bencher and was a member of a number of Select Committees on Science and Technology. He died July 17, 2014, in Cambridge, at the age of 86. | |
| 5 | Name: | President Nelson Mandela | | | Institution: | Former President of South Africa | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1918 | | | Death Date: | December 5, 2013 | | | | | | |
Nelson Mandela was born in South Africa in 1918. He attended Fort Hare University College and the University of Witwatersrand before commencing a legal practice in Johannesburg with fellow activist Oliver Tambo, forming the country's first black legal partnership. He joined the African National Congress and was a founder of the ANC Youth League, which in 1951 organized the Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws. During the 1950s Mandela and other ANC members defied the South African government and consequently were banned from working with the ANC. When the ban was lifted in the early 1960s, Mandela was elected secretary of the ANC. He was soon forced underground, however, and was tried and imprisoned for sabotage and attempting to overthrow the government. In 1963 he began a life sentence and remained in jail for 25 years. As change came to South Africa, he met with State President Botha and later President F.W. de Klerk. The latter released Mandela from jail nine days after the ban on the ANC was lifted. Mandela was elected president of the ANC in 1991 and became South Africa's first black president in 1994, serving until 1999. In 1993 he accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of all South Africans who suffered and sacrificed to bring peace to their land. Among countless other honors are UNESCO's Simon Bolivar International Prize (1983), the Sakharov Prize (1988), the Liberty Medal (1993) and the APS's Benjamin Franklin Award for Distinguished Public Service. Its citation describes Mandela as a "steadfast advocate of justice (and) tireless champion of freedom" and "salutes this son of a chief and father of a nation, and recognizes his extraordinary contribution, not only to the citizens of South Africa, but also to countless men and women in other lands. Who, as a prisoner of conscience for 28 years, so used his captivity to instruct and inspire others, that the prison in which he was confined has now become a symbol of courage and hope, and a place of pilgrimage. And who, as leader of his people and their first elected president, led the way to equality, improved education, housing and economic growth, with vision, determination, energy and magnanimity, achieving reconciliation and cooperation between long-standing adversaries. In awarding Nelson Mandela the Franklin Medal, the American Philosophical Society salutes this international statesman and applauds his consistency of purpose, his resolute courage, his generosity of spirit and his inspiring example." Nelson Mandela was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1994. In 2007 he joined the Elders, a freelance global diplomatic team dedicated to working for the common good. The alliance also includes former president Jimmy Carter, former Irish president Mary Robinson, and the retired Anglican archbishop Desmond Tutu. Nelson Mandela died on December 5, 2013, in Johannesburg, South Africa, at the age of 95. | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. Digby J. McLaren | | | Institution: | Royal Society of Canada | | | Year Elected: | 1994 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1919 | | | Death Date: | December 8, 2004 | | | | |
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