American Philosophical Society
Member History

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21Name:  Mr. Charles R. Longsworth
 Institution:  Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1929
   
 
Charles Longsworth is Chairman Emeritus of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, President Emeritus of Hampshire College and Chairman Emeritus of Amherst College. An instrumental figure in the founding of Hampshire College, he wrote, with Franklin Patterson, the book The Making of a College, which outlined the concept for a new educational institution in the Connecticut Valley. Mr. Longsworth subsequently served for seven years as president of the college before becoming president and CEO of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in 1979. As leader of the foundation, he helped perpetuate it as a first-class education and research organization while bringing in first-class archaeologists and curators to further reveal the real Williamsburg of the colonial period. A former United States Marine Corps lieutenant with an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School, Mr. Longsworth has worked with a number of other esteemed organizations throughout his career, including the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the Center for Public Resources, Flight Safety International, and the Houghton-Mifflin Company.
 
22Name:  Dr. Rudolph Arthur Marcus
 Institution:  California Institute of Technology
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1923
   
 
One of the outstanding theoretical chemists of our time, Rudolph A. Marcus is Arthur Amos Noyes Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology, where he has taught since 1978. He earned his Ph.D. from McGill University in 1946 and later served on the faculties of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (1951-64) and the University of Illinois (1964-78). He has a record of superb contributions to many fields of chemistry, especially in unimolecular and electron-transfer reactions, semiclassical theory of collisions and of bound states, intramolecular dynamics, solvent dynamics, and chemical reaction coordinates. His Marcus Equation has proven to be a general and powerful treatment of reaction rates. Dr. Marcus is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1970) and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1973). His many awards include the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1992), the Wolf Prize (1985) and the National Medal of Science (1989).
 
23Name:  Sir Dimitri Obolensky
 Institution:  University of Oxford
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1918
 Death Date:  December 23, 2001
   
24Name:  Dr. Ludo Rocher
 Institution:  University of Pennsylvania
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1926
 Death Date:  November 2, 2016
   
 
Ludo Rocher brought to Sanskrit studies the rigorous philological training of a classicist and the persuasive talents of a lawyer. He was W. Norman Brown Professor of South Asian Studies Emeritus at the University of Pennsylvania, where he had taught since 1966, Dr. Rocher was born in Belgium and was a graduate of the University of Ghent (LL.D., 1950; Ph.D., 1952). His publications, including over 140 articles on subjects ranging from Indian law and philosophy to Sanskrit grammar and Hindi, reflect Dr. Rocher's devotion to the traditions of Western scholarship and his mastery both of the latter and of the Indian sastras. Prior to joining the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania, where he had chaired the Department of Oriental Studies and the Department of South Asia Regional Studies, Dr. Rocher taught Sanskrit and comparative philology at the University of Brussels (1959-67), directing its Center for Study of South and Southeast Asia from 1961-67. A past president of the American Oriental Society, Dr. Rocher was also a fellow of the Royal Academy for Overseas Science, Belgium and of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta, where he had frequently conducted research. Ludo Rocher died November 2, 2016, at age 90, at home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
 
25Name:  Dr. Harold Tafler Shapiro
 Institution:  Princeton University
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1935
   
 
Harold T. Shapiro served as Princeton University's 18th president. Elected at a special Board of Trustees meeting on April 27, 1987, he was installed on January 8, 1988, and served in that capacity until June 2001. In 2009 he was elected to the Board of Trustees of the Institute for Advanced Study. Shapiro, who received his Ph.D. in economics from Princeton in 1964, held a faculty appointment as a professor of economics and public affairs, becoming emeritus in 2023. He came to Princeton from the University of Michigan, where he served on the faculty for twenty-four years as professor of economics and public policy and as president from 1980-1988. A trustee of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, he also serves as director of the Hastings Center, DeVry, Inc., Reading is Fundamental, the Knight Foundation Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics, the Merck Vaccine Advisory Board, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, the Princeton Healthcare System, and the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology. He is a member of the Board of Overseers of the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, the Advisory Committee on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, and the Stem Cell Institute of New Jersey Joint Board Managers. He is also a Governor of the American Jewish Committee. He served as chair of the National Academy of Science's Committee on American's Energy Future. He served as chair of the National Academy of Science's Committee on the Organizational Structure of the National Institute of Health from July 2002-July 2003. Harold Shapiro is the author of "A Larger Sense of Purpose: Higher Education and Society (2005) and editor of "Universities and Their Leadership" (with William G. Bowen,1988) and "Belmont Revisited: Ethical Principles for Research with Human Subjects" (with James F. Childress and Eric M. Meslin, 2005). He is a recipient of the Lt. Governor's Medal in Commerce from McGill University (1956), the William D. Carey Lectureship Award in Leadership in Science Policy (2006), and the National Academy of Science's Public Welfare Medal (2012).
 
26Name:  Dr. Judith Nisse Shklar
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1928
 Death Date:  9/16/92
   
27Name:  Dr. Maxine F. Singer
 Institution:  Carnegie Institution of Washington & National Institutes of Health
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1931
   
 
Maxine Frank Singer has made major contributions to the biochemistry of nucleic acids and more recently to our knowledge of the mammalian genome structure and organization. She has also served with distinction as chair of the editorial board of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and as president of the Carnegie Institution, and she is widely recognized as an articulate author and spokesperson for science. After receiving her Ph.D. in biochemistry from Yale University in 1957, Dr. Singer joined the research staff of the National Institutes of Health. She would later serve as chief of the Laboratory of Biochemistry at the National Cancer Institute from 1980-87, where she led fifteen research groups engaged in various biochemical investigations. Dr. Singer's research contributions have ranged over several areas of biochemistry and molecular biology, including chromatin structure, the structure and evolution of defective viruses, and enzymes that work on DNA and its complementary molecule, RNA. In recent years, her foremost contributions have been in studies of a large family of repeated DNA sequences called LINES - sequences interspersed many times in mammalian DNA. She and her co-workers have been especially interested in the LINE-1 sequence, which is repeated thousands of times in human DNA. LINE-1, she early concluded, is capable of insertion into new places on chromosomal DNA, and researchers elsewhere later found that LINE-1 insertions into a gene whose product is required for blood clotting are associated with cases of hemophilia. Believing that the mechanism of LINE-1 transposition might have broad significance for understanding genetic diseases, Dr. Singer and her colleagues have concentrated their experiments on learning how LINE-1 elements move. Throughout her career, Dr. Singer has assumed leading roles in influencing and refining the nation's science policy. In 1988 she became President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, where she led the biologists, astronomers and earth scientists who make up the Institution's six scientific departments. Dr. Singer is presently President Emerita of the Carnegie Institution while also retaining her association with the National Cancer Institute as Scientist Emerita. Her several awards for public service include the Distinguished Presidential Rank Award (1988) and the National Medal of Science (1992), the nation's highest scientific honor bestowed by the President of the United States, "for her outstanding scientific accomplishments and her deep concern for the societal responsibility of the scientist." Most recently, she was honored with the 2007 Public Welfare Medal, the National Academy of Sciences' most prestigious award recognizing extraordinary use of science for the public good.
 
28Name:  Dr. Carl-Otto Still
 Institution:  Carl Still Corporation, Pittsburgh & Firma Carl Still GmbH & Co. KG, Recklinghausen
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
 Subdivision:  503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
 Residency:  International
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1940
 Death Date:  January 12, 2013
   
 
Carl-Otto Still was a council member at the Salk Institute; president of the Carl Still Corporation, Pittsburgh; and owner and managing director of Firma Carl Still GmbH & Co. KG, Recklinghausen. He was very active administering the affairs of the Salk Institute and was a member of a family of philanthropists who for three generations have been influential in assisting various German universities and cultural institutions. Among others, Göttingen University received a new telescope and Munster Cathedral a new roof through his efforts. With expertise in the chemical industry, particularly as it relates to coal, coke and steel, Carl-Otto Still and his family have been credited with helping to build the world's steel industry. Among his other roles, he served as chairman of Children's Hospital, Datteln, Germany, and as curator at the University Witten Herdecke. He holds a Dr.-Ing degree from the Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Höchschule Aächen (1971). He died January 12, 2013, at age 72 in Recklinghausen, Germany.
 
29Name:  Dr. Paul Talalay
 Institution:  Johns Hopkins University
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  2. Biological Sciences
 Subdivision:  201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1923
 Death Date:  March 10, 2019
   
 
Paul Talalay, M.D. was John Jacob Abel Distinguished Service Professor of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He held an S.B. degree in biophysics from M.I.T. and an M.D. degree from Yale. Following surgical training at Massachusetts General Hospital, he moved to the University of Chicago, rising to the academic ranks of Professor of Biochemistry, Professor of Medicine, and Professor in the Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research. After serving for 12 years as Director of the Department of Pharmacology at Johns Hopkins Medical School, he relinquished this position to devote himself full time to research. Dr. Talalay devoted his career to cancer research. For more than 2 decades he was involved in devising strategies for chemoprotection against the risk of cancer, a field in which he is recognized as a pioneer. His efforts focused on achieving protection by raising the enzymes concerned with the detoxication of carcinogens. Analysis of the chemistry and the molecular biology of boosting enzymes of detoxication led him and his colleagues to devise simple cell culture methods for detecting chemical and especially dietary (Phyto)chemicals that raise these enzymes. This work led to the isolation of sulforaphane as the most potent inducer of protective enzymes in broccoli. These findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, attracted world-wide attention, and led to the organization of the Brassica Chemoprotection Laboratory at Johns Hopkins. This unique laboratory is exclusively dedicated to identifying edible plants that are particularly rich in protective enzyme-inducer activity. Dr. Talalay's honors, in addition to his appointment as a University Distinguished Service Professor, included appointment to one of the first lifetime professorships of the American Cancer Society and membership in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He published more than two hundred papers in internationally respected scientific journals. He received an honorary D.Sc. degree from Acadia University. The M.D.-Ph.D. Student Library at Johns Hopkins has been named in his honor. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1990. Paul Talalay died March 10, 2019 in Baltimore, MD at the age of 95.
 
30Name:  Dr. Robert E. Tarjan
 Institution:  Princeton University & InterTrust Technologies, Inc.
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
 Subdivision:  107
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1948
   
 
One of the most gifted computer scientists in the world today, Robert E. Tarjan is the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University and a Senior Fellow at HP Labs. Having discovered several important graph algorithms, including Tarjan's off-line least common ancestors algorithim, Dr. Tarjan has been recognized with honors including the 1986 Turing Award, which he received jointly with John Hopcroft for "fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithims and data structures." Among other awards he has also been given the Nevanlinna Prize in Information Science (1983) and the William O. Baker Medal (1984) and has been elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Tarjan earned his Ph.D. in 1972 from Stanford University, where he worked with Robert Floyd and Donald Knuth. Prior to joining the faculty at Princeton University in 1985, he worked at Cornell University (1972-74), the University of California, Berkeley (1973-75), Stanford University (1974-81) and New York University (1981-85) as well as for corporations such as AT&T Bell Laboratories and NEC.
 
31Name:  Dr. Brian Tierney
 Institution:  Cornell University
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  4. Humanities
 Subdivision:  405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Deceased
 Birth Date:  1922
 Death Date:  November 30, 2019
   
 
Internationally recognized as a leading scholar of medieval canon law, Brian Tierney was among the most distinguished intellectual historians of the Middle Ages. After serving in the Royal Air Force during World War II, Dr. Tierney received M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Cambridge University. He taught at Catholic University and at Cornell University, where was the Bryce and Edith M. Bowmar Professor in Humanistic Studies Emeritus. He was the recipient of Guggenheim Fellowships and fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies and the National Endowment for the Humanities and was awarded the honorary degrees of Doctor of Theology from Uppsala University, Sweden, and Doctor of Humane Letters from Catholic University. He was elected to membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and in 1994 he received the Award for Academic Distinction of the American Historical Association. Dr. Tierney authored many articles and several books, including Foundations of the Conciliar Theory (1955), Medieval Poor Law (1959), The Crisis of Church and State, 1050-1300 (1964), Origins of Papal Infallibility, 1150-1350 (1972) Religion, Law and the Growth of Constitutional Thought, 1150-1650 (1981), and The Idea of Natural Rights, Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law and Church Law, 1150-1625. Brian Tierney died November 30, 2019 in Syracuse, New York at the age of 97.
 
32Name:  Dr. Michael Walzer
 Institution:  Institute for Advanced Study
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1935
   
 
Michael Walzer has made major contributions in a number of fields, including political philosophy; moral theory; the history of social theory; the history and sociology of religion; and the history and theory of social criticism. His ability to combine theoretical, normative and historical approaches in these areas is unmatched. Over the years he has written on a wide variety of topics in political theory and moral philosophy: political obligation; just and unjust war; nationalism and ethnicity; economic justice; and the welfare state. He has also played a part in the revival of a practical, issue focused ethics and in the development of a pluralist approach to political and moral life. He is currently working on the toleration and accommodation of "difference" in all its forms and also on a (collaborative) project focused on the history of Jewish political thought. A professor of social science at the Institute for Advanced Study since 1980, Dr. Walzer previously taught at Princeton (1962-66) and Harvard Universities (1966-80). He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1961. Described by Political Theory as "one of the truly significant American political thinkers of our time," Dr. Walzer has numerous publications to his credit, including The Revolution of the Saints: A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics (1965); Obligations: Essays on Disobedience, War and Citizenship (1970); Just and Unjust Wars (1977); Exodus and Revolution (1985); The Company of Critics (1988); Toward a Global Civil Society (1995); War, Politics, and Morality (2001); Politics and Passion: Towards a More Egalitarian Liberalism (2004); Thinking Politically: Essays in Political Theory (2007); and In God's Shadow: Politics in the Hebrew Bible (2012). In April 2008, Michael Walzer was awarded the prestigious Spinozalens, a bi-annual prize for ethics in The Netherlands. A book in Dutch entitled Justice Without Boundaries, comprised of his lecture, other essays and an interview, was published simultaneously to the award. Michael Walzer was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1990.
 
33Name:  Dr. William Julius Wilson
 Institution:  Harvard University
 Year Elected:  1990
 Class:  3. Social Sciences
 Subdivision:  301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
 Residency:  Resident
 Living? :   Living
 Birth Date:  1935
   
 
William Julius Wilson is Lewis P. and Linda L. Geyser University Professor at Harvard University. His teaching and research interests include urban poverty, urban race and class relations, and social inequality in cross-cultural perspective. He is the author of Power, Racism, and Privilege; The Declining Significance of Race; The Truly Disadvantaged; When Work Disappears; and The Bridge Over the Racial Divide. In 2006 he published There Goes the Neighborhood: Racial, Ethnic, and Class Tensions in Four Chicago Neighborhoods and Their Meaning for America. A sociologist with a Ph.D. from Washington State University, Dr. Wilson has previously served on the faculties of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst (1965-71) and the University of Chicago (1972-96) and directed the latter's Center for the Study of Urban Inequality. A MacArthur Prize Fellow and the recipient of the 1998 National Medal of Science, Dr. Wilson has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the National Academy of Education, and the Institute of Medicine. His current projects include studies of race and the social organization of neighborhoods, the effects of high-risk neighborhoods on adolescent social outcomes, and the effects of welfare reform on poor families and children. In 2017 he won the SAGE-CASBS Award.
 
Election Year
1990[X]
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