| | 1 | Name: | Dr. Sydney Brenner | | | Institution: | The Salk Institute | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 207. Genetics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | April 5, 2019 | | | | | | |
Sydney Brenner was born in South Africa and studied medicine and science at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Working in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory, he received his D.Phil. degree from Oxford University in 1952. After briefly returning to South Africa, Dr. Brenner joined the Medical Research Council's Unit in the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge. He became the director of its successor, the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, in 1979. In 1987 he became director of the MRC's Unit of Molecular Genetics, retiring in 1992. His early research was in molecular genetics. Working with bacterophages and bacteria, he discovered messenger RNA (working with Jacob and Meselson) and, with Crick, showed that the code was composed of triplets. In the 1960s, he changed the direction of his work and began research on C. elegans, establishing it as a powerful experimental system for the analysis of complex biological processes. Believing that the techniques of cloning and sequencing would open up new ways of approaching genetics, he turned his attention to vertebrate genomics and established the pufferfish genome as a valuable tool in genome analysis. He served as the founder and president of the Molecular Sciences Institute, a private research institute in Berkeley, CA. His achievements were recognized with the Albert Lasker Medical Research Award (1971), both the Royal Medal (1974) and the Copley Medal (1991) from the Royal Society of London, and the Kyoto Prize (1990), to name just four of more than twenty such honors. In 1987 he was named a Companion of Honour. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002. He was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1979. Sydney Brenner died April 5, 2019 in Singapore at the age of 92. | |
| 2 | Name: | Professor Halet Çambel | | | Institution: | Istanbul University | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 401. Archaeology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | January 12, 2014 | | | | | | |
An eminent scholar and expert in the archaeology of the Anatolian Peninsula, Halet Çambel was born in Germany in 1916. The daughter of an old and distinguished Ottoman family, she received her Ph.D. from Istanbul University in 1945 and went on to found the chair of prehistoric archaeology at Istanbul University, where she taught and inspired generations of students. Renowned for conducting rescue excavations of endangered heritage sites, Dr. Çambel introduced stone restoration techniques and ensured proper conservation of significant cultural heritage in Turkey. She was instrumental in protecting a village of unique Turkish houses and opened an Art and Culture House where concerts, exhibitions and other cultural activities take place. Halet Çambel's meticulous scholarship, commitment to international collaboration and enthusiasm for innovative research are praised both in Turkey and in the wider international community. Her numerous publications, television programs, documentaries, and the first open-air museum of antiquities at the Karatepe-Aslanta site are among her contributions to knowledge of and accessibility to the civilizations and historical riches of Turkey. Among Dr. Çambel's many awards is the Prince Claus Award honoring her dedicated scholarship and her role in expanding the possibilities for interaction between people and their cultural heritage. Halet Çambel died January 12, 2014, at the age of 97 at her home in Instanbul. | |
| 3 | Name: | Roland Hampe | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1908 | | | Death Date: | 1/23/81 | | | | |
| 4 | Name: | Dr. Hiroshi Inose | | | Institution: | National Institute of Informatics | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | October 11, 2000 | | | | |
| 5 | Name: | Dr. Niels Kaj Jerne | | | Institution: | Basel Institute for Immunology | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | 10/7/94 | | | | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. Georg Klein | | | Institution: | Karolinska Institutet | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | December 10, 2016 | | | | | | |
George Klein was a professor and research group leader at the Karolinska Institute's Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center (Sweden). He joined the Institute as a research fellow in 1947 and achieved the rank of professor in 1957. Prior to that time, he served as instructor of histology (1945) and pathology (1946) at the University of Budapest in his native Hungary. A pioneer in the application of somatic cell genetics to cancer research, Dr. Klein began using immunological techniques to analyze the nature of malignant transformation. He edited Advances in Cancer Research for many years and wrote a number of books, including The Atheist and the Holy City (1990); Pîetà (1992) and Live Now (1997). A foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences, Dr. Klein was also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the American Association of Immunologists. His many honors included the American Cancer Society Annual Award (1973), the Gardner Award (1976), the General Motors Sloan Award (1979); the Behring Prize (1977) and the Paracelsus Medal (2001). George Klein died December 10, 2016 in Sweden at the age of 91. | |
| 7 | Name: | Dr. Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie | | | Institution: | Collège de France & Bibliothèque Nationale | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 4. Humanities | | | Subdivision: | 404a | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | | | | |
French historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie is a leading authority on the history of peasantry, specifically in the region of Languedoc in the ancien regime. Credited with founding the "nouvelle histoire" (new history) movement, he has been a pioneer in the fields of history from below and microhistory. Dr. Ladurie is well known for works such as Les Paysans de Languedoc (1966); Histoire du Climat (1967), in which he focused on the impact of climate changes on human history; and Montaillou, village occitan de 1294 a 1324 (1975). The latter work, a study of a village in the south of France in the age of the Cathar heresy, uses meticulous notes of a member of the inquisition to develop a multi-layered study of life in a small French village over the course of several years. Dr. Ladurie served as professor, historian and chair of history of modern civilization at the College de France from 1973-99. He has also served as General Administrator of the Bibliothèque Nationale and currently holds the title of Professor Emeritus at the Collège de France. | |
| 8 | Name: | Dr. Jean Stoetzel | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 3. Social Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 302. Economics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1910 | | | Death Date: | 2/21/87 | | | | |
| 9 | Name: | Dr. Theodor Wieland | | | Institution: | Max Planck Institute for Medical Research | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1913 | | | Death Date: | 11/24/95 | | | | |
| 10 | Name: | Dr. Yakov B. Zel'Dovich | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1914 | | | Death Date: | 12/2/87 | | | | |
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