| | 1 | Name: | John Baynton | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1756? | | | Death Date: | 3/17/1788 | | | | |
| 2 | Name: | Henry Benbridge | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 10/20/1743 | | | Death Date: | 1/25/1812 | | | | | | |
Henry Benbridge (20 October 1743–25 January 1812) was a portraitist, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1771. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and began his studies at the Academy of Philadelphia from an early age, graduating in 1758. Benbridge then studied portraiture locally before receiving his father’s inheritance and moving to Rome to further his artistic education. There he is thought to have studied under Pompeo Batoni, whose influence is evident in Benbridge’s work. Benbridge’s career took off when his 1768 portrait of General Pascal Paoli appeared at the court of the Grand Duke of Florence and then at the Free Society of Artists in England the following year. Benbridge left for England shortly thereafter and exhibited two portraits at the Royal Academy in 1770 before returning to America. Back home, Benbridge moved from Philadelphia to Charleston, South Carolina. He supported the revolutionary cause which resulted in his capture and imprisonment by British forces in 1780 before being released and returning to Philadelphia where he painted his portrait of Bushrod Washington. After the war, Benbridge returned to Charleston and kept busy painting portraits until moving to Norfolk, Virginia about a decade later. In Norfolk, he instructed the now far more renowned Thomas Sully in portrait painting. It is unknown where Benbridge died, however he was buried in Christ Churchyard in Philadelphia. (ANB) | |
| 3 | Name: | Samuel Filsted | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 4 | Name: | Archibald Gloucester | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 5 | Name: | Henry Hill | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1732 | | | Death Date: | 09/15/1798 | | | | |
| 6 | Name: | James Lloyd | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 3/24/1728 | | | Death Date: | 3/14/1810 | | | | | | |
James Lloyd (24 March 1728–14 March 1810) was a surgeon and obstetrician, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1771. He was born at a manor on Long Island, New York, and his father’s sizable collection of medical texts may have inspired him to pursue a career as a doctor. James apprenticed and studied under the Boston physicians Silvester Gardiner and John Clark between 1745 and 1748, and, in 1749, traveled to London to work as a resident at Guy’s Hospital. There, he learned groundbreaking surgical techniques like flap amputations, and attended lectures performed by pioneering surgeons and obstetricians. After completing his tenure in London, Lloyd returned to Boston, where, in addition to opening his own practice in surgery and obstetrics, he showed a commitment to educating a new generation of physicians. He performed lectures on the techniques he had learned abroad and apprenticed at least ten young doctors between 1760 and 1790. At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, Lloyd was serving as a surgeon for a British military unit based near Boston. For this, he was labeled a traitor and jailed, but was soon released in the hopes that he would use his medical skill to serve the patriot cause. After the war, the British offered Lloyd financial redress for his war-ravaged Long Island manor if he would become a British citizen. He refused. Lloyd was a founder of the Massachusetts Medical Society and thought to be the first specialized obstetrician in America. He was the father of six children, one of whom, James Lloyd III, became a Massachusetts senator. James Lloyd died in Boston in 1810. (ANB) | |
| 7 | Name: | Frederick W. von Marschall | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 8 | Name: | Nevil Maskelyne | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 10/5/1732 | | | Death Date: | 2/9/1811 | | | | | | |
Nevil Maskelyne (5 October 1732–9 February 1811) was an astronomer, and mathematician, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1771. Born in London, the son of a well-connected clerk, Maskelyne was educated in Westminster where he decided to pursue astronomy. He attended the University of Cambridge, graduating with a B.A. in 1754. To qualify for an advantageous fellowship, he took Holy Orders a year later, and became a fellow of the Trinity. He graduated with his M.A., and earned election to his major fellowship the following year. In 1758 he became a fellow of the Royal Society, who assigned him to St. Helena, an island in the South Atlantic, to observe the transit of Venus in 1760. While traveling, Maskelyne began studying the lunar-distance method of measuring longitude for nautical navigation. On St. Helena, he found little success due to cloudy weather, but he continued studying the lunar-distance method on his return trip and published his findings in 1763. Impressed by his work, the Board of Longitude tasked Maskelyne with testing the accuracy of the H4 chronometer by using his method to measure the longitude of Barbados. He returned to England to find a royal warrant appointing him director of the Greenwich observatory. As director, Maskelyne implemented the yearly publishing of a nautical almanac. As per order of the King, he resided at the observatory and focused on astronomical observations: making some 90,000 in his lifetime and publishing findings every decade. He also contributed to the far more successful 1769 transit of Venus observations. In 1774, he attempted to measure the density of the Earth on behalf of the Royal Society and won its Copley Medal for his findings. He received honors from institutions all over the world, including those in Hanover, Russia, Poland, France, and Massachusetts. He worked tirelessly at the observatory until falling ill and dying there. (DNB) | |
| 9 | Name: | Charles A. McCall | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 10 | Name: | Samuel Preston Moore | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1710 | | | Death Date: | 7/15/1785 | | | | |
| 11 | Name: | Charles Morton | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1716 | | | Death Date: | 2/10/1799 | | | | | | |
Charles Morton (1716–10 February 1799) was a physician, librarian, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1771. He was born in Westmorland in England and studied medicine at Leiden University in the Netherlands before returning to England to begin his practice. He graduated as a doctor in 1748 after publishing his thesis, De Tussi Convulsiva. A few years later he was a consultant physician at Middlesex Hospital in London, and physician at Foundling Hospital four years after that. During this time he became a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1751), and a member of the Royal Society of London (1752). In 1756, upon the establishment of the British Museum, Morton accepted an appointment as an under-librarian, responsible for manuscripts, books, coins, and medals. In 1758 Morton was promoted to head of the new department of manuscripts. During this time he became a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and the Russian imperial science academy, the Imperatorskaya Akademiya Nauk in St. Petersburg. He also was admitted to German science academies, including the Königliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften and the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, and he served as secretary to the Royal Society of London from 1759 to 1774. His reputation began to falter after working on an edition of the Domesday Book, after which he received a payment of £500 ‘for doing little or nothing’ and ultimately someone else finished and published the facsimile. Still, in 1776 Morton became principal librarian at the British Museum, though by this time his gout began to impede on his daily life and his reputation for inactivity only grew; he even failed to appear for a visit from King George III. He married three times. His third and final wife was a close relative of his second, forty five years his junior, and they wedded only two months after the second’s death, in 1779. He died a few years later in his apartments in the British Museum. (DNB) | |
| 12 | Name: | Joseph Otolenge | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 13 | Name: | William Parr | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 14 | Name: | Thomas Preston | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
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| 15 | Name: | Samuel Rhoads | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1740 | | | Death Date: | 12/14/1784 | | | | |
| 16 | Name: | Richard Thomas | | | Year Elected: | 1771 | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1745 | | | Death Date: | 1/19/1832 | | | | |
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