Subdivision
| • | 200 |
(3)
| | • | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry |
(76)
| | • | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology |
(43)
| | • | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology |
(52)
| | • | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology |
(48)
| | • | 205. Microbiology |
(32)
| | • | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology |
(21)
| | • | 207. Genetics |
(41)
| | • | 208. Plant Sciences |
(39)
| | • | 209. Neurobiology |
(47)
| | • | 210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior |
(19)
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| | 161 | Name: | Dr. Sandra Díaz | | | Institution: | Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina | | | Year Elected: | 2022 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1961 | | | | | | |
Sandra Díaz is Professor of Ecology at Córdoba National University, senior member of the Argentine National Research Council and Visiting Professor at the School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University. She is interested in plant functional traits and syndromes, their effects on ecosystem properties and their interactions with global change drivers. She constructed the first global quantitative picture of essential functional diversity of vascular plants –the global spectrum of plant form and function. She has advanced theory and practical implementation of the concept of functional diversity and its effects on ecosystem properties and benefits. She combines her ecology studies with interdisciplinary work on how different societies value and reconfigure nature. She founded Núcleo DiverSus on Diversity and Sustainability, and co-founded the Global Communal Plant Trait Initiative TRY. She co-chaired the Global Assessment of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. She is a member of the Academies of Sciences of Argentina, USA, France, Norway, Latin America and the Developing World, and Foreign Fellow of the British Royal Society. Her awards include the Margalef Prize in Ecology (2017), the Gunnerus Award in Sustainability Science (2019), the Kew International Medal (2020) and the BBVA Frontiers of Knowledge in Ecology and Conservation Award (2021). | |
| 162 | Name: | Dr. Jack E. Dixon | | | Institution: | University of California, San Diego | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | | | | |
Jack E. Dixon is a leading American biochemist, born in Nashville, Tennessee on June 16, 1943. He is currently Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Chemistry & Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego. He also served as Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer from 2007 to 2013. Dixon's laboratory has pioneered the study of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases), the enzymes that remove phosphate from proteins. His work on the catalytic mechanism of these enzymes included the demonstration that they function via a novel cysteine-phosphate intermediate. In an unexpected development, Dixon also showed that the bacterium responsible for the plague or "black death", Yersinia pestis, harbors the most active PTPase ever described. Dixon, in collaboration with Stanley Falkow, went on to demonstrate that this PTPase is essential for pathogenesis. In fact, this PTPase functions as a "lethal weapon" which is "injected" into mammalian cells to block the immune response. This was the first conclusive demonstration of a widely used strategy for pathogenic bacteria to disarm the host immune system. Dixon's interest in phosphatases led his laboratory to determine the function of the tumor suppressor protein, PTEN, which shares sequence identity with the PTPases. Although most PTPases function to dephosphorylate phosphoproteins, PTEN dephosphorylates a lipid, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP33). The loss of the PTEN gene elevates PIP3 levels causing cells to survive and become oncogenic. The insightful determination of how PTEN functions has radically altered thinking about this tumor suppressor gene.
Jack Dixon has received numerous awards including the Michigan Scientist of the Year, the William Rose and Merck Award from the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Jack Dixon is married to Claudia M. Kent, a retired professor of Biological Chemistry. Dr. Kent is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. | |
| 163 | Name: | Theodosius Dobzhansky | | | Year Elected: | 1942 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1900 | | | Death Date: | 12/18/75 | | | | |
| 164 | Name: | Edward A. Doisy | | | Year Elected: | 1942 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1893 | | | Death Date: | 10/23/86 | | | | |
| 165 | Name: | Henry H. Donaldson | | | Year Elected: | 1906 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1858 | | | Death Date: | 1/23/28 | | | | |
| 166 | Name: | Dr. Russell F. Doolittle | | | Institution: | University of California, San Diego | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 206. Physiology, Biophysics, and Pharmacology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | Death Date: | October 11, 2019 | | | | | | |
Russell Doolittle was a professor of biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego. An insightful and articulate scientist, he was an expert on the structure and evolution of proteins. Having worked out the covalent structure of fibrinogen and its role in blood clot formation, he became interested in the molecular evolution of this protein and contributed to the molecular analysis of its evolution as well as those of other proteins. Drawing on his personal computerized file of protein and DNA sequences, Dr. Doolittle discovered the remarkable similarity between the cancer-producing gene of a virus and a normal gene that encodes a growth factor from blood platelets. The recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and the National Institutes of Health Career Development Award, Dr. Doolittle was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Russell Doolittle died October 11, 2019 in La Jolla, California at the age of 88. | |
| 167 | Name: | Dr. Paul Mead Doty | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1970 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1920 | | | Death Date: | December 5, 2011 | | | | | | |
Paul M. Doty was professor of public policy and Mallinckrodt Professor of Biochemistry Emeritus at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He was also the founder and Director Emeritus of the Center for Science and International Affairs and an emeritus member of the BCSIA Board of Directors. During his 42 years on the Harvard University faculty, Dr. Doty embraced two careers: one in biochemistry, where he founded the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the other in science policy and international security studies, where he founded the Center for Science and International Affairs in 1974. From 1960-64 he was a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee and from 1961-67 he also served as a consultant to the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. The recipient of awards including the American Chemical Society Award in Pure Chemistry, Dr. Doty was the author of numerous articles in scientific journals and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1970.
Paul Doty died on December 5, 2011, at age 91 at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts. | |
| 168 | Name: | Dr. John E. Dowling | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 208. Plant Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | | | | |
John E. Dowling received his A.B. and Ph.D. from Harvard University. He taught in the Biology Department at Harvard from 1961 to 1964, first as an Instructor, then as Assistant Professor. In 1964 he moved to Johns Hopkins University, where he held an appointment as Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Biophysics. He returned to Harvard as Professor of Biology in 1971, was the Maria Moors Cabot Professor of Natural Sciences from 1971-2001, Harvard College Professor from 1999-2004 and is presently the Gordon and Llura Gund Professor of Neurosciences. He was Chairman of the Biology Department at Harvard from 1975 to 1978 and served as Associate Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences from 1980 to 1984. He was Master of Leverett House at Harvard from 1981-1998 and served as President of the Corporation of The Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole from 1998-2008.
He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a member of the American Philosophical Society. He received the Friedenwald Medal from the Association of Research in Ophthalmology and Vision in 1970, the Annual Award of the New England Ophthalmological Society in 1979, the Retinal Research Foundation Award for Retinal Research in 1981, an Alcon Vision Research Recognition Award in 1986, a National Eye Institute’s MERIT award in 1987, the Von Sallman Prize in 1992, The Helen Keller Prize for Vision Research in 2000, the Llura Ligget Gund Award for Lifetime Achievement and Recognition of Contribution to the Foundation Fighting Blindness in 2001 and the Paul Kayser International Award in Retina Research in 2008.. He was granted an honorary M.D. degree by the University of Lund (Sweden) in 1982.
His research interests have focused on the vertebrate retina as a model piece of the brain. He and his collaborators have long been interested in the functional organization of the retina, studying its synaptic organization, the electrical responses of the retinal neurons, and the mechanisms underlying neurotransmission and neuromodulation in the retina. He became interested in zebrafish as a system in which one could explore the development and genetics of the vertebrate retina about 15 years ago. Part of his research team has focused on retinal development in zebrafish and the role of retinoic acid in early eye and photoreceptor development. A second group has developed behavioral tests to isolate mutations, both recessive and dominant, specific to the visual system. | |
| 169 | Name: | Dr. André A. Lwoff | | | Year Elected: | 1967 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1902 | | | Death Date: | 9/30/94 | | | | |
| 170 | Name: | Dr. Andrew H. Knoll | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 203. Evolution & Ecology, Systematics, Population Genetics, Paleontology, and Physical Anthropology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1951 | | | | | | |
Andrew Knoll is Fisher Professor of Natural History and Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University and Curator of the Paleobotanical Collections in the Harvard University Herbaria. A world leader in paleobiology, he has served on the Harvard faculty since 1982. Distinguished by his pioneering investigations of global conditions in the early evolution of life, Dr. Knoll has used biological, geological and chemical information to interpret the evolution of unicellular and multicellular organisms, from the most primitive life forms to the origin of metazoa and higher plants. He has used the same approach to explain mass extinctions in the Permian. Dr. Knoll's many honors include the Walcott Medal (1987) and the Mary Clark Thompson Medal (2012) of the National Academy of Sciences, the Phil Beta Kappa Book Award in Science (2003), the Moore Medal of the Society for Sedimentary Geology (2005), the Paleontological Society Medal (2005), the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society of London (2007), and membership in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1977. | |
| 171 | Name: | Dr. Andrew Balmford | | | Institution: | University of Cambridge | | | Year Elected: | 2024 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 205. Microbiology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1963 | | | | | | |
Andrew Balmford is Professor of Conservation Science in the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, where his research focuses on how to reconcile biodiversity conservation with meeting human food needs and other land-demanding activities, and on the costs and benefits of retaining intact ecosystems. He collaborates closely with conservation practitioners and with colleagues in other disciplines including economics, agriculture and psychology. Andrew helped establish the Student Conference on Conservation Science, the Cambridge Conservation Forum, Earth Optimism, and most recently the Cambridge Centre for Carbon Credits. In his book ‘Wild Hope’ - which has since inspired a TV series - he argues that cautious, evidence-based optimism is vital in tackling environmental challenges. | |
| 172 | Name: | Dr. Jean-Michel Dubernard | | | Institution: | Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; E. Herriot Hospital; French National Authority for Health (Haute Autorité de Santé) | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 204. Medicine, Surgery, Pathology and Immunology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | Death Date: | July 10, 2021 | | | | | | |
Jean-Michel Dubernard is a surgeon in the Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery at E. Herriot Hospital in Lyon. He is also a former Deputy Mayor of Lyon and a former member of the French National Assembly.
Dr. Dubernard attended medical school in Lyon. He then served as a Research Fellow with Joseph Murray at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (1965-1967) in Boston. Dr. Dubernard received his Docteur en Medecine from Lyon University in 1967. He subsequently received his Docteur en Biologie Humaine in Transplantation Immunology in 1971. As a surgeon, Dr. Dubernard is an important pioneer. His research interests continue to lie in experimental surgery, clinical transplantation (especially renal transplantation in children), medical technology, general urology, renal and pancreatic lithotripsy, endoscopy of the upper urinary tract investigations of male impotence, vascular surgery and microsurgery. In 1998 he led the international team that performed the world’s first modern hand-forearm transplant and in 2005 Dr. Dubernard's team performed the world’s first partial face transplant.
Dr. Dubernard is the President of the International Hand and Composite Tissue Allografts, as well as the Founder and President of the European College of Transplantation. Since 1980 he has been a member of the European Society for Organ Transplantation’s Founding Council. Dr. Dubernard was President of the International Microsurgical Society (1984-1986), President of the Société Française de Transplantation (1991-1994), and President of the International Pancreatic and Islet Transplant Association (1996-1997). His work has more than 400 scientific references in the form of articles, chapters of books, books, and films. In 2008 Dr. Dubernard received the Medawar Prize, the highest award of the International Transplantation Society. | |
| 173 | Name: | Eugene Floyd DuBois | | | Year Elected: | 1940 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1883 | | | Death Date: | 2/12/1959 | | | | |
| 174 | Name: | Rene Jules Dubos | | | Year Elected: | 1954 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1901 | | | Death Date: | 2/20/82 | | | | |
| 175 | Name: | Banjamin M. Duggar | | | Year Elected: | 1921 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1872 | | | Death Date: | 9/10/1956 | | | | |
| 176 | Name: | Dr. Catherine Dulac | | | Institution: | Harvard University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute | | | Year Elected: | 2019 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 208. Plant Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1963 | | | | | | |
Catherine Dulac is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, Higgins Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Lee and Ezpeleta Professor of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. Her work explores the identity and function of neural circuits underlying instinctive social behaviors in mice, and the role of genomic imprinting in the adult and developing brain. She grew up in Montpellier, France, graduated from the Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, and received her PhD from the University of Paris VI. She was a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia University and joined the faculty of Harvard as a junior faculty in 1996, before becoming full professor in 2001, and Chair of Harvard's Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology from 2007 until 2013. She is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences, and of the French Academy of Sciences, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She is a recipient of multiple awards including the Richard Lounsbery Award, the National Academy’s Pradel Research Award, the Edward M. Scolnick Prize in Neuroscience, the Karl Spencer Lashley Award from the American Philosophical Society, and the 2021 Breakthrough Prize for Life Sciences. | |
| 177 | Name: | Dr. Renato Dulbecco | | | Institution: | Salk Institute | | | Year Elected: | 1993 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1914 | | | Death Date: | February 19, 2012 | | | | | | |
A distinguished research professor and president emeritus of the Salk Institute, Italian-born Renato Dulbecco made fundamental contributions to understanding the uncontrolled growth of cells that occurs in cancer. He is best known for his discovery that tumor viruses cause cancer by inserting their own genes into the chromosomes of infected cells. This finding was one of the first clues to the genetic nature of cancer and led to Dr. Dulbecco being awarded a Nobel Prize in 1975. Dr. Dulbecco subsequently began studying the origins and progression of tumors of the breast, using monoclonal antibodies, tools of molecular biology that can identify cells by their chemical signatures, to characterize the tumor cells. In 1986 Dr. Dulbecco launched the idea of studying all human genes, starting the worldwide Human Genome Project. He is the author of The Design of Life (1987), a work that represents, in his words, "the exciting developments that have taken place in biology with accelerated rhythm since the '50s." The last chapter of this book, "A Life Odyssey," is a magisterial summary of the origin and history of living things over the past nearly four billion years. | |
| 178 | Name: | Carl O. Dunbar | | | Year Elected: | 1942 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1891 | | | Death Date: | 4/-/1980 | | | | |
| 179 | Name: | Leslie C. Dunn | | | Year Elected: | 1943 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1894 | | | Death Date: | 3/19/1974 | | | | |
| 180 | Name: | Dr. Christian de Duve | | | Institution: | Rockefeller University & Catholic University, Louvain | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 2. Biological Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 202. Cellular and Developmental Biology | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1917 | | | Death Date: | May 4, 2013 | | | | | | |
Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve had been Emeritus Professor at both Catholic University, Louvain (since 1985) and Rockefeller University (since 1988) prior to his death on May 4, 2013 at the age of 95 at his home in Nethen, Belgium. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Louvain in 1945, training under Albert Claude and Hugo Theorell. A specialist in subcellular biochemistry and cell biology, Dr. de Duve was credited with discovering peroxisomes, a cell organelle, and his unique improvements on zonal centrifugation in the early 1960s led to the identification of the lysosomal fractions and its most important function in health and disease. His work on cell fractionalization has also provided a great deal of insight into the function of cell structures. For his work describing the structure and function of organelles in biological cells, Dr. de Duve, together with Albert Claude and George E. Palade, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1974. He is also the recipient of the Heineken Medal (1973) and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1975). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1991. | |
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