| | 121 | Name: | Dr. Richard N. Gardner | | | Institution: | Columbia University | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 504. Scholars in the Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | February 16, 2019 | | | | | | |
Richard N. Gardner was Professor of Law and International Organization at Columbia Law School and Senior Counsel to Morgan Lewis, a global law firm. He served as U.S. Ambassador to Italy from 1977-81 and as U.S. Ambassador to Spain from 1993-97. During his service in Spain, he received the Thomas Jefferson Award for his contributions to U.S. citizens abroad. From 1961-65 he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs. He was a member of the President's Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN) and of the U.S. delegation to the Ministerial meeting of the World Trade Organization held in Seattle at the end of 1999. He was later a member of the State Department's Advisory Committee on International Economic Policy. Professor Gardner held a Doctor of Jurisprudence from Yale Law School, a Doctor of Philosophy degree in economics from Oxford University, where he studied as a Rhodes Scholar, and a B.A. degree in economics from Harvard University. His Oxford thesis, published by the Oxford University Press as Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy, has been described as the "classic" study of Anglo-American economic collaboration in the creation of the Bretton Woods institutions and GATT. He authored four other books on international affairs, including In Pursuit of World Order: US Foreign Policy and International Organization. His latest book, Mission Italy: On the Front Lines of the Cold War, was published in Italian by Mondadori in September 2004 and presented in the Italian Parliament by two former Italian Prime Ministers. The U.S. edition was published in 2005. He was also the author of numerous articles in Foreign Affairs, the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, and other publications. In 1992 the Council on Foreign Relations published his booklet entitled Negotiating Survival: Four Priorities After Rio. Professor Gardner was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and the Council on Foreign Relations. He was a member of the International Advisory Board of Grupo Santander of Spain and served on the International Capital Markets Advisory Committee of the New York Stock Exchange. He was Vice President of the American Ditchley Foundation and a member of the Board of the Salzburg Seminar. In 2000, Professor Gardner served as a public delegate to the 55th "Millennium" United Nations General Assembly. He served as Special Advisor to the United Nations at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio, as he did in 1972 to the U.N. Conference on the Human Environment. From 1982-93 he was Co-Chairman of the Aspen Institute Program on the United States and the World Economy. He also served from 1988-92 as chairman of the U.S. group in a joint Russian-American program on the United Nations and collective security, established under the auspices of the U.S. and Russian U.N. Associations. He was a member of a U.N. Association group engaged in a dialogue on multilateral issues with the Chinese Institute of International Studies. Professor Gardner married the former Danielle Almeida Luzzatto, a columnist for the Italian magazine Chi?. The Gardners had two children, Nina Gardner Olivieri, a lawyer and consultant in Paris, and Anthony Laurence Gardner, a former member of the staff of the National Security Council, a lawyer, and currently Executive Director of GE Commercial Finance-Europe in London. Richard N. Gardner died February 16, 2019 in New York, NY at the age of 91. | |
| 122 | Name: | Dr. Eugene Garfield | | | Institution: | The Scientist; Institute for Scientific Information/Thomson Scientific | | | Year Elected: | 2007 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 504. Scholars in the Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | February 26, 2017 | | | | | | |
Eugene Garfield was a pioneer in information retrieval systems and the inventor of Current Contents (1958), Index Chemicus (1960), Science Citation Index (1964), Social Sciences Citation Index (1970), and Arts and Humanities Citation Index (1975). He was an eclectic science communicator, founding publisher/editor of The Scientist, and author of over 1,000 articles and books. His annual impact factor rankings of ISI's Journal Citation Reports (1975) have promoted high journal standards worldwide. His HistCite system (1964) of algorithmic historiography now maps research topics from searches of the ISI Web of Science database of 30,000,000 articles. Modern scholarship in the sciences and the humanities relies heavily on the retrieval of information and the assessment of its impact on the thinking of others. Garfield developed the technique of Science Citation. Papers are ranked based on the number of times that they are referenced in other papers. Google is based on the same principle. Web sites are ranked in the list that is generated by the search words or phrase based on the number of times other Web sites refer to them. In their Stanford thesis that is the basis of the Google concept, Google's founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin cited Garfield's invention of Science Citations. His invention has been a major contribution to information technology and to American and world business. Eugene Garfield died February 26, 2017, at the age of 91. | |
| 123 | Name: | Thomas Sovereign Gates | | | Year Elected: | 1959 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1906 | | | Death Date: | 3/26/83 | | | | |
| 124 | Name: | Dr. Henry Louis Gates | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1995 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1950 | | | | | | |
Henry Louis Gates, Jr. is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and Director of the Hutchins Center for African & African American Research at Harvard University. Emmy and Peabody Award-winning filmmaker, literary scholar, journalist, cultural critic, and institution builder, Professor Gates has published numerous books and produced and hosted an array of documentary films. The Black Church (PBS) and Frederick Douglass: In Five Speeches (HBO), which he executive produced, each received Emmy nominations. His latest history series for PBS is Making Black America: Through the Grapevine. Finding Your Roots, Gates’s groundbreaking genealogy and genetics series, has completed its ninth season on PBS and will return for a tenth season in 2024.
Gates is a recipient of a number of honorary degrees, including his alma mater, the University of Cambridge. Gates was a member of the first class awarded “genius grants” by the MacArthur Foundation in 1981, and in 1998 he became the first African American scholar to be awarded the National Humanities Medal.
A native of Piedmont, West Virginia, Gates earned his B.A. in History, summa cum laude, from Yale University in 1973, and his M.A. and Ph.D. in English Literature from Clare College at Cambridge in 1979, where he is also an Honorary Fellow. A former chair of the Pulitzer Prize board, he is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and serves on a wide array of boards, including the New York Public Library, the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, the Aspen Institute, the Whitney Museum of American Art, Library of America, and The Studio Museum of Harlem. In 2011, his portrait, by Yuqi Wang, was hung in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1995. | |
| 125 | Name: | Dr. Atul Gawande | | | Institution: | Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital | | | Year Elected: | 2012 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1965 | | | | | | |
Atul Gawande is currently an Associate Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School, an Associate Professor of Health Policy and Management at Harvard University School of Public Health and General and Endocrine Surgeon at Brigham and Women's Hospital. On November 9, 2020 he was named a member of President-elect Joe Biden's COVID-19 Advisory Board. Born in New York, he received his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1995. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2006 and has authored Complications: A Surgeon's Notes on an Imperfect Science (2002), Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance (2007), The Checklist Manifesto (2010), and Being Mortal (2014). He is a member of the Institute of Medicine (2011).
Atul Gawande combines the talents of a surgeon and a splendid writer whose mission is to make hospitals in general and surgery in particular safer and more cost effective in the United States and around the globe. His training in medicine and public health and his current work in teaching, research, and the practice of surgery at one of America's most respected hospitals provide him with practically unique qualifications to affect policies and procedures in hospital settings through his writings. As a staff writer for The New Yorker, he contributes essays that garner national attention and his first book has been published in more than a hundred countries. His research, which has resulted in numerous publications in the medical journals, focuses on surgical technique, medical care for combat wounds, and medical errors. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012. | |
| 126 | Name: | Dr. A. Barlett Giamatti | | | Institution: | National League | | | Year Elected: | 1982 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1938 | | | Death Date: | 9/1/89 | | | | |
| 127 | Name: | Dr. John H. Gibbons | | | Institution: | United States | | | Year Elected: | 1999 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | July 17, 2015 | | | | | | |
John H. Gibbons served with distinction as an experimental physicist and expert in energy supply and conservation and environmental technology development. In 1973, at the start of the nation's first major energy crisis, he was appointed first director of the Federal Office of Energy Conservation. He returned to Washington in 1979 to direct the U.S. Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, and from 1993-1998 he served in the Clinton-Gore Administration as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Dr. Gibbons received a Ph.D. (physics) from Duke University (1954) and six honorary doctorates. He received Distinguished Service Awards from both NASA (1997, 1998) and the National Science Foundation (1998). He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the American Physical Society, and the American Association for Advancement of Science. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999. John H. Gibbons died July 17, 2015, at the age of 86, in Virginia. | |
| 128 | Name: | The Honorable Ruth Bader Ginsburg | | | Institution: | United States Supreme Court | | | Year Elected: | 2006 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | Death Date: | September 18, 2020 | | | | | | |
Ruth Bader Ginsburg's remarkable career in the law encompassed three distinct roles: law professor; Supreme Court advocate; and jurist. In 1963 - four years after graduating from Columbia Law School - Justice Ginsburg was appointed to the faculty of the Rutgers Law School. In 1972 her Columbia teachers persuaded her to return as a colleague. A year after joining the Columbia faculty, Justice Ginsburg took on the added duties of counsel to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). From then until 1980 she was concurrently a scholar/teacher at Columbia and the architect-plus-field commander of the ACLU's campaign to establish gender equality under law. In furtherance of that campaign Justice Ginsburg won a series of major victories in the Supreme Court. In 1980 President Carter appointed her to the bench as a Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In 1993, President Clinton appointed her to the Supreme Court. In Justice Ginsburg's more than fifteen years of service on the highest court, her luminous opinions have brought sharper definition to the interconnections and inter-independencies of the three branches of the national government, and to the relations between the nation and the states, and have measurably strengthened the constitutional rights and freedoms of us all. Her recent awards include: the Radcliffe Medal (2015), the Genesis Prize (2017), the American Law Institute's Henry J. Friendly Medal (2018), University of Chicago's Harris Dean's Award (2019), the Berggruen Prize (2019), and the Liberty Medal of the National Constitution Center (2020). She died at her home in Washington DC at the age of 87 on September 18, 2020. | |
| 129 | Name: | Dr. Robert J. Glaser | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 2000 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1918 | | | Death Date: | June 7, 2012 | | | | | | |
Robert Joy Glaser received an M.D. at Harvard Medical School. He served as Associate Dean at Washington University from 1955-57, then as Dean and Professor of Medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine until 1963, and as Professor of Social Medicine at Harvard University from 1963-65. In 1965 he became the Vice President for Medical Affairs, Dean of the School of Medicine, and professor at Stanford University, also serving as acting president in 1968. He was Professor of Medicine Emeritus at Stanford University and he received that institution's Dean's Medal in 2009. Dr. Glaser had been a trustee and board member of many educational institutions and foundations, including the Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust, Georgetown University, Morehouse College, the David & Lucille Packard Foundation, UCLA School of Medicine, Center for the Future of Children, Packard Humanities Institute, and the Foundation for Biomedical Research. He was a consultant for Medical Philanthropy and Biomedical Science. In 1986 the Robert J. Glaser Award was established by the Society of General Internal Medicine. Robert Glaser is a legendary figure in the field of medicine and biomedical research. His uniqueness is based on a complex combination of personal characteristics: scientific ability, demonstrated early in his career as a successful clinical microbiologist, and widely acclaimed administrative leadership. His accomplishments in support of education and research in medicine and his stature as a wise and trusted leader within biomedicine are unparalleled. In addition, his deep commitment to support and stimulate young minds and to foster their education and training was coupled with a realistic sense of the need to find financial resources to realize these dreams. Dr. Glaser was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2000 and a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 2009. He died on June 7, 2012, at the age of 93 in Palo Alto, California. | |
| 130 | Name: | Mr. Philip Glass | | | Year Elected: | 2009 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | | |
Philip Glass’s musical life began early; at eight he studied the flute at the Peabody Conservatory and by twelve he had begun composing. After receiving an M.A. in composition from Juilliard in 1961, he studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger and in India with the sitar virtuoso Ravi Shankar. Glass’s composition matured in the early seventies, largely through works written for his own Philip Glass Ensemble. In 1974, with a performance of the complete Music in Twelve Parts at the New York Town Hall, he had his first performance in a traditional concert hall. Two years later Einstein on the Beach premiered at the Metropolitan Opera, bringing Glass accolades from the larger music world. This master work combines disparate media moments in unconventional visual juxtaposition with textless vocal exercises and numerals varying in pitch and rhythm. The operas Satyagraha (1980) and Akhnaten (1984) followed - the former portraying the early years of Mahatma Gandhi and utilizing a dronelike repetition of symmetrical sequences of chords to achieve haunting and hypnotic powers. In recent years Glass has focused increasingly on composition for theater, film and dance. His film scores have received three Academy Award nominations – for Kundun (1997), The Hours (2002) and Notes on a Scandal (2006) - and his collaborations with the director Godfrey Reggio (Koyaanisqatsi, et al) are audiovisual tone poems of uncommon elegance and visceral power. All told, over the last 25 years, Glass has composed 22 operas, eight symphonies, 38 film soundtracks, numerous string quartets and a growing body of work for solo piano and organ. In addition to his Academy Award nominations, Glass won a Golden Globe Award in 1999, the Asquith Award for Film Music in 2002, and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Endowment for the Arts in 2010. He won a New York City Mayor's Award for Arts and Culture in 2013. He was inducted into the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1994. | |
| 131 | Name: | Ms. Louise Gluck | | | Institution: | Yale University | | | Year Elected: | 2014 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | Death Date: | October 13, 2023 | | | | | | |
Louise Gluck is the author of Firstborn, 1968; Proofs and Theories (Collected Essays), 1994; The First Four Books, 1995; Meadowlands, 1996; Vita Nova, 1999; The Seven Ages, 2001; October, 2003; Averno, 2006; A Village Life, 2009; Poems, 1962-2012, 2012. Each of her books departs from the theme of its predecessors like a novel with lacunae opening onto the unspeakable. Myths of antiquity - the characters of Persphone, Achilles, Eurydice, Iphigenia, appear throughout the series, often used as a vehicle for psychological analysis. Many of her books contain dark poems of family relationships. The last volume, A Village Life, reinforces the themes that delineate the difficulties of interpersonal relationships. To read her books is to understanding the governing paradox of a life lived in the body and of the work wrested from it, the one fated to die and the other to endure.
She is the recipient of a National Book Critics Circle Award, 1985; Guggenheim Fellowship, 1975, 1987; Pulitzer Prize, 1993; the PEN Martha Albrand Award, 1994, the Gold Medal for Poetry from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, 2015; and the National Humanities Medal, 2016. She served as Poet Laureate of the United States in 2003.
Louise Gluck was Senior lecturer in English, 1984-98, and Preston S. Parish ‘41 Third Century Lecturer in English, 1998-2004, at Williams College, and was Regents Professor, 1985-87, at the University of California, Los Angeles. Since 2004 she has been the Rosenkranz Writer in Residence and Adjunct Professor of English at Yale University.
Louise Gluck won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2020. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2014. | |
| 132 | Name: | Hon. Robert F. Goheen | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 1986 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1919 | | | Death Date: | March 31, 2008 | | | | |
| 133 | Name: | Mr. William T. Golden | | | Institution: | American Museum of Natural History & American Association for the Advancement of Science | | | Year Elected: | 1982 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1909 | | | Death Date: | October 7, 2007 | | | | | | |
William T. Golden is chairman emeritus of the American Museum of Natural History and an officer and trustee of several scientific and educational organizations including the New York Academy of Sciences (honorary life member, life governor, former president); the American Association for the Advancement of Science (treasurer emeritus); the Carnegie Institution of Washington (secretary emeritus); Mount Sinai Medical Center, Hospital and Medical School (vice chairman emeritus); the National Humanities Center (emeritus); the Hebrew Free Loan Society (treasurer emeritus); Barnard College (vice chairman emeritus); and the Black Rock Forest Consortium (chairman emeritus). He is also a director of several business corporations including General American Investors Company and Block Drug Company.
Mr. Golden was co-chairman (with Joshua Lederberg) of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government. As Special Assistant to President Truman he designed the first President’s Science Advisory apparatus in 1950 and was presidential adviser on the initial program of the National Science Foundation.
He served as an officer in the US Navy on active duty throughout World War II, and has served in the Atomic Energy Commission, the Department of State, and the Executive Office of the President.
He received the Distinguished Public Service Award of the National Science Foundation in 1982 and its Special Tribute of Appreciation from the National Science Board in 1991. He is a member of the American Philosophical Society (vice president, 1992-98); the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; the Royal Society of Arts (Benjamin Franklin Fellow), London; and the National Academy of Public Administration. He is an alumnus of the University of Pennsylvania (AB, 1930) and of Columbia University (MA in Biology, 1979). He has been awarded honorary doctorates by the University of Pennsylvania, Columbia University, Polytechnic University, Hamilton College, Bard College, the City University of New York Graduate School, and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University. In 1995 he received the Benjamin Franklin Award for Distinguished Public Service from the American Philosophical Society; in 1996 the Public Welfare Medal of the National Academy of Sciences (its highest honor); in 2001 the Scholar-Patriot Award of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; and in 2002 the Lifetime Achievement Award of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Mr. Golden is editor and co-author of Science Advice to the President (Pergamon Press, 1980; second edition, AAAS Press, 1993); Science and Technology Advice to the President, Congress, and Judiciary (Pergamon Press, 1988; second edition, AAAS Press, 1993); Worldwide Science and Technology Advice to the Highest Levels of Governments (Pergamon Press, 1991). Distributed by Transaction Publishers; and guest editor with J. Thomas Ratchford of Science, Engineering, and Technology in Government and Industry Around the World: Translating Knowledge into Power and Wealth (Elsevier Science Ltd., 1997); published as a special issue of Technology In Society: An International Journal, Vol. 19, Numbers 3/4.
April 2004 | |
| 134 | Name: | Dr. Mary Lowe Good | | | Institution: | University of Arkansas & Venture Capital Investors, LLC & American Association for the Advancement of Science | | | Year Elected: | 2000 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | Death Date: | November 20, 2019 | | | | | | |
Mary Good exemplified intellectual biodiversity. She was president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Dean of the Donaghey College of Engineering and Information Technology at the University of Arkansas, Little Rock, and managing director of the Fund for Arkansas, LLC. She also served on the board of Aexiom Inc., a successful information company, and on several not-for-profit boards. Good served four years as the Under Secretary for Technology in the Department of Commerce, a Presidentially appointed, Senate confirmed, position. She chaired the National Science and Technology Council's Committee on Technological Innovation and was a member of the National Science Board, appointed by President Carter in 1980. Before joining the federal administration, she was for many years Senior Vice-President of Technology at Allied Signal, Inc. She was its chairman from 1988 to 1991. Prior to Allied Signal, she served for more than 25 years in academia. In 1991, she was appointed by President Bush to the President's Committee of Advisers on Science and Technology (PCAST). She was an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Mary Good was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2000. She died November 20, 2019 in Little Rock, Arkansas at the age of 88. | |
| 135 | Name: | Ms. Nadine Gordimer | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1923 | | | Death Date: | July 13, 2014 | | | | | | |
Author of fourteen novels and eighteen short story collections, Nadine Gordimer has won prodigious acclaim and respect as a writer and activist, both in her native South Africa and abroad. Her works deal with the moral and psychological issues endemic to her racially divided home country, the political tensions that inevitably result, and the ability of citizens to cope with, and overcome, these divisions. In her stories of ordinary South Africans, Gordimer reveals the layers of moral ambiguity and choice that underlie and shape daily life. From her active opposition to South Africa's apartheid government (her books were banned as a result) to her recent explorations of the AIDS crisis and the complexities of post-apartheid society, Gordimer has used her art as a mirror on, and vehicle for change within, South Africa. For these achievements she was recognized with the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature, which noted that Gordimer "through her magnificent epic writing has been of very great benefit to humanity". Her most recent book is No Time Like the Present", published in 2012. Nadine Gordimer was elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 136 | Name: | The Honorable Albert A. Gore | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1948 | | | | | | |
In three decades as a widely respected politician and public figure, Albert A. (Al) Gore, Jr. has called attention to, and helped develop solutions to, many of the key issues of our time. During his sixteen years in Congress he supported a range of productive legislation, from progressive environmental policies (he held the first congressional hearings on climate change in the late 1970s and on global warming in the 1980s) to communications initiatives that had a significant effect on the development of the Internet. As vice president in the Clinton administration, he was heavily involved in areas of government from the economy to the environment. Since his near-election to the presidency in 2000, Gore has channeled his environmental expertise into activism, lecturing widely on the climate crisis and starring in the film An Inconvenient Truth, which won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. In 2007 he shared the Nobel Peace Prize (with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) for his "efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change." Al Gore was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. His book The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change came out in 2013. | |
| 137 | Name: | Dr. Patricia Albjerg Graham | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1999 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | | | | |
Patricia Albjerg Graham is Charles Warren Professor of the History of Education Emerita at Harvard University. She holds a bachelor's degree from Purdue University and a Ph.D. from Columbia University. Professor Graham was dean of the Harvard School of Graduate Education from 1982 to 1991. She has taught nursery school and grades 5 through 12, chaired a high school history department, and served as a high school guidance counselor. From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, she ran a program for beginning teachers in the New York City schools. Prior to coming to Harvard in 1974, Graham taught at Barnard College; Teachers College, Columbia University; Northern Michigan University; and Indiana University. She was dean of the Radcliffe Institute and vice president of Radcliffe College from 1974 to 1977, when she was appointed by President Carter director of the National Institute of Education, where she served from 1977-79. She served as the president of the Spencer Foundation in Chicago from 1991-2000. Dr. Graham is the author of four books on the history of education, coeditor of a book on women in higher education, and author of a number of articles dealing with historical and contemporary issues in American education. Dr. Graham also serves on several corporate, not-for-profit and foundation boards. She is past president of the National Academy of Education and former vice-president of the American Historical Association. She was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1999. | |
| 138 | Name: | Mr. Donald E. Graham | | | Institution: | Graham Holdings Company | | | Year Elected: | 2004 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1945 | | | | | | |
Donald E. Graham became chief executive officer of Graham Holdings Company (then The Washington Post Company) in May 1991 and chairman of the board in 1993. He was publisher of The Washington Post newspaper from January 1979 until September 2000 and chairman of the paper from September 2000 to February 2008. His father, Philip Graham, was publisher of The Washington Post from 1946 until 1961 and president from 1947 until his death in 1963. His mother, Katharine Graham, served in a variety of executive positions from 1963 until her death in 2001. Eugene Meyer, Graham's grandfather, purchased The Washington Post at a bankruptcy sale in 1933.
After graduating in 1966 from Harvard College, where he was president of the Harvard Crimson, Graham was drafted and served as an information specialist with the 1st Cavalry Division in Vietnam from 1967 to 1968. He was a patrolman with the Washington Metropolitan Police Department from January 1969 to June 1970. Graham joined The Washington Post newspaper in 1971 as a reporter and subsequently held several news and business positions at the newspaper and at Newsweek. He was named executive vice president and general manager of the newspaper in 1976.
He was elected a director of The Washington Post Company in 1974 and served as president from May 1991 to September 1993.
In 2013 The Washington Post newspaper and other newspaper division assets were sold to Jeffrey P. Bezos, and the Company was renamed Graham Holdings Company.
Graham is chairman of the District of Columbia College Access Program, a private foundation which, since 1999, has helped double the number of DC public high school students going on to college and has helped triple the number graduating from college. He co-founded the program along with major local businesses and foundations. Since its inception, DC-CAP has assisted over 13,000 DC students enroll in college and has provided scholarships totaling more than $18 million. He is a co-founder of TheDream.US, a national scholarship fund for DREAMers, created to help immigrant youth get a college education.
Graham is a trustee of the Federal City Council and of the Philip L. Graham Fund, which was established in 1963 in memory of his father. He is also a director and member of the compensation committee of Facebook, The Summit Fund of Washington, the College Success Foundation and KIPP-DC. Previously, he served as a member of the Pulitzer Prize Board. | |
| 139 | Name: | Ms. Denyce Graves | | | Institution: | Denyce Graves Foundation; Peabody Institute, Johns Hopkins University | | | Year Elected: | 2021 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 501. Creative Artists | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1964 | | | | | | |
Recognized worldwide as one of today's most exciting vocal stars, mezzo-soprano Denyce Graves continues to gather unparalleled popular and critical acclaim in performances on four continents. USA Today identifies her as "an operatic superstar of the 21st Century," and the Atlanta Journal-Constitution exclaims, "if the human voice has the power to move you, you will be touched by Denyce Graves."
Her career has taken her to the world's great opera houses and concert halls. The combination of her expressive, rich vocalism, elegant stage presence and exciting theatrical abilities allows her to pursue a wide breadth of operatic portrayals and to delight audiences in concert and recital appearances. Denyce Graves has become particularly well-known to operatic audiences for her portrayals of the title roles in Carmen and Samson et Dalila. These signature roles have brought Ms. Graves to the Metropolitan Opera, Vienna Staatsoper, Royal Opera - Covent Garden, San Francisco Opera, Opéra National de Paris, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Washington Opera, Bayerische Staatsoper, Arena di Verona, Deutsche Oper Berlin, Opernhaus Zürich, Teatro Real in Madrid, Houston Grand Opera, Dallas Opera, Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, Los Angeles Opera and the Festival Maggio Musi- cale in Florence.
Ms. Graves’s 2012-2013 season includes two world premieres; she creates the roles of Mrs. Miller in Minnesota Opera’s New Works Initiative commission of Doubt, composed by Douglas J. Cuomo and directed by Kevin Newbury, and of Emelda in Cham- pion by Terence Blanchard at the Opera Theatre of St. Louis. The season also marks two role debuts for Ms. Graves as Herodias in Strauss’ Salome at Palm Beach Opera, and Katisha in Gilbert and Sullivan’s The Mikado with the Lyric Opera of Kansas City. Ms. Graves makes numerous concert and recital performances including at Opera Carolina, Arizona Musicfest, National Philhar- monic, San Diego Symphony and several prestigious universities throughout the nation. As Ms. Graves’s dedication to teaching the singers of the next generation continues to be an important part of her career, she joins the voice faculty of the Peabody Con- servatory of Music in Baltimore.
Denyce Graves made her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in the 1995–1996 season in the title role of Carmen. She returned the following season to lead the new Franco Zeffirelli production of this work, conducted by James Levine, and she sang the opening night performance of the Metropolitan Opera's 1997–1998 season as Carmen opposite Plácido Domingo. She was seen again that season as Bizet's gypsy on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera for Domingo's 30th Anniversary Gala, and she made her debut in Japan as Carmen, opposite the Don José of Roberto Alagna. Ms. Graves appeared in a new production of Samson et Dalila opposite Plácido Domingo at the Metropolitan Opera, and she performed Act III of this work opposite Mr. Domingo to open the Met’s season in 2005. She was partnered again with Mr. Domingo in the 1999 season-opening performances of this work for Los Angeles Opera. She was seen as Saint-Saëns’ seductress with Royal Opera – Covent Garden and Washington Opera, both opposite José Cura, the latter under the baton of Maestro Domingo, as well as with Houston Grand Opera. Her debut in this sig- nature role came in 1992 with the Chicago Symphony at the Ravinia Festival under the direction of James Levine and opposite Mr. Domingo and Sherrill Milnes, and she made a return engagement to the Festival in this same role in 1997.
Ms. Graves appears continually in a broad range of repertoire with leading theaters in North America, Europe and Asia. Highlights have included a Robert Lepage production of The Rake’s Progress at San Francisco Opera, the title role in Richard Danielpour’s Margaret Garner in the world premiere performances at Michigan Opera Theatre with further performances at Cincinnati Opera, Opera Carolina and the Opera Company of Philadelphia, the role of Charlotte in Werther for Michigan Opera Theatre opposite the Werther of Andrea Bocelli in his first staged operatic performances and Judith in a William Friedkin production of Bartok’s Blue- beard’s Castle in her return to Los Angeles Opera: she also has sung Judith at the Washington National Opera and for the Dallas Opera. Highlights of the mezzo-soprano’s other recent appearances include Azucena in Il trovatore, Nicklausse in Les contes d’Hoffmann and Dulcinée in Massenet's Don Quichotte with Washington Opera; Giovanna Seymour in a new production of Anna Bolena for Dallas Opera; the title role in La Périchole with the Opera Company of Philadelphia; a rare double-bill of El amor brujo and La vida breve specifically mounted for her by Dallas Opera; Federica in the Metropolitan Opera’s new production of Luisa Miller, led by James Levine; and Amneris in Aida with Cincinnati Opera. Ms. Graves’s debut with the Théâtre Musical de Paris – Chatelet was as Baba the Turk in a Peter Sellars/Esa-Pekka Salonen production of The Rake's Progress, and she returned to Covent Garden as Cuniza in Verdi's Oberto after her debut performances as Carmen. Her debut at Teatro alla Scala was as the High Priestess in La vestale led by Riccardo Muti, and she soon returned as Giulietta in a new production of Les contes d'Hoff- mann and as Mère Marie in the Robert Carsen production of Dialogues des Carmélites. She appeared at Teatro Bellini in Catania in the title role of La favorita, and audi- ences in Genoa saw her first performances of Charlotte soon after her debut there as Carmen. Her debut in Austria came as Carmen with the Vienna Staatsoper, and she has also been seen in this role with Grand Théâtre de Genève, Genoa’s Teatro Carlo Felice, the Bregenz Festival and festivals in Macerata, Italy and San Sebastian, Spain. Ms. Graves gave her first performances of Adalgisa in Norma for Opernhaus Zürich.
Denyce Graves has worked with leading symphony orchestras and conductors throughout the world in a wide range of repertoire. She has performed with Riccardo Chailly, Myung-Whun Chung, Charles Dutoit, Christoph Eschenbach, James Levine, Zubin Mehta, Lorin Maazel, Kurt Masur, Riccardo Muti and Mstislav Rostropovich. Ms. Graves has appeared with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, Boston Symphony Orchestra, the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Houston Symphony, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte-Carlo and National Symphony Orchestra among a host of others.
One of the music world's most sought-after recitalists, Ms. Graves combines her expressive vocalism and exceptional gifts for communication with her dynamic stage presence, enriching audiences around the world. Her programs include classical repertoire of German lieder, French mélodie and English art song, as well as the popular music of Broadway musicals, crossover and jazz together with American spirituals. For her New York recital debut, The New York Times wrote, "[h]er voice is dusky and earthy. She is a strikingly attractive stage presence and a communicative artist who had the audience with her through four encores."
In 2001, Ms. Graves gave a series of appearances in response to the tragic events in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Shanksville, Pennsylvania on September 11, 2001. Ms. Graves was invited by President Bush to participate in the National Prayer Service in Washington's National Cathedral in which she sang “America, the Beauti- ful” and “The Lord’s Prayer.” This event was televised worldwide and was followed by Ms. Graves’ appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show in a live musical program of “Healing through Gospel Music.” Ms. Graves has since participated in numerous other benefit concerts, and RCA Records released a recording of patriotic songs by Denyce Graves, the proceeds of which benefit various groups who have been affected by the events of September 11. Ms. Graves recently continued her patriotic activi- ties when she sang for President and Mrs. Bush, among other dignitaries, at “An American Celebration at Ford’s Theatre” to benefit U.S. soldiers in Iraq. This concert was taped for television and aired on the ABC network on July 4, 2005. In 2003, Denyce Graves was appointed as a Cultural Ambassador for the United States, and she now travels around the world under the auspices of the State Department appearing in good-will missions of musical performances, lectures, and seminars. Her first trips in 2003 brought her to Poland, Romania and Venezuela.
Ms. Graves appears regularly on radio and television as a musical performer, celebrity guest, and as the subject of documentaries and other special programming. In 1997 PBS Productions released a video and audio recording titled, Denyce Graves: A Cathedral Christmas, featuring Ms. Graves in a program of Christmas music from Washington's National Cathedral. This celebration of music including chorus and orchestra is shown each year on PBS during the Christmas season. She was seen on the Emmy-award winning BBC special “The Royal Opera House,” highlighting Ms. Graves’s debut performances there, and in a program of crossover repertoire with the Boston Pops, which was taped for national television broadcast. In December 1999 Ms. Graves participated in a concert given at the Nobel Peace Prize Awards in Oslo, Norway, which was televised throughout Europe. As the only classical music artist to be invited for this event, she performed selections from her RCA Red Seal release alongside performances by Sting, Paul Simon, Tina Turner and others. She has been a frequent guest on television shows including Sesame Street, The Charlie Rose Show and Larry King Live. In 1996, she was the subject of an Emmy-award winning profile on CBS's 60 Minutes.
In 1999, Denyce Graves began a relationship with BMG Classics/RCA Red Seal. That same year Voce di Donna, a solo recording of opera arias, was released on RCA Red Seal. The Lost Days, a recording with jazz musicians of Latin songs in the Spanish and Portuguese languages, was released in January 2003. In June 2003, Church was released – this recording, developed by Denyce Graves, brings together African-American divas from various forms of music, all of whom were first exposed to music through their upbringing in church. Participants recorded music of their choice and include Dr. Maya Angelou, Dionne Warwick, En Vogue, Patti LaBelle and others. Other recordings of Ms. Graves include NPR Classics’ release of a recording of spirituals, Angels Watching Over Me, featuring the mezzo-soprano in performance with her fre- quent partner, Warren Jones and an album of French arias, Héroïnes de l'Opéra romantique Français, with the Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte-Carlo under Marc Soustrot. Her full opera recordings include Gran Vestale in La vestale, recorded live from La Scala with Riccardo Muti for Sony Classical; Queen Gertrude in Thomas’s Hamlet for EMI Classics; Maddalena in Rigoletto with the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra under James Levine; and Emilia in Otello with Plácido Domingo and the Opéra de Paris, Bastille Orchestra under Myung-Whun Chung, both for Deutsche Grammophon.
Denyce Graves is a native of Washington, D.C., where she attended the Duke Ellington School for the Performing Arts. She continued her education at Oberlin Col- lege Conservatory of Music and the New England Conservatory. In 1998, Ms. Graves received an honorary doctorate from Oberlin College Conservatory of Music. She was named one of the "50 Leaders of Tomorrow" by Ebony magazine and was one of Glamour magazine's 1997 "Women of the Year." In 1999, WQXR Radio in New York named her as one of classical music's "Standard Bearers for the 21st Century." Denyce Graves has been invited on several occasions to perform in recital at the White House, and she provides many benefit performances for various causes special to her throughout each season.
Denyce Graves has been the recipient of many awards, including the Grand Prix du Concours International de Chant de Paris, the Eleanor Steber Music Award in the Opera Columbus Vocal Competition and a Jacobson Study Grant from the Richard Tucker Music Foundation. In 1991, she received the Grand Prix Lyrique, awarded once every three years by the Association des amis de l’opéra de Monte-Carlo, and the Marian Anderson Award, presented to her by Miss Anderson. In addition, Ms. Graves has received honorary doctorates from Oberlin College, College of Saint Mary and Centre College. | |
| 140 | Name: | Dr. Hanna H. Gray | | | Institution: | University of Chicago | | | Year Elected: | 1981 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1930 | | | | | | |
Hanna Holborn Gray is a groundbreaking academic administrator and historian of political thought specializing in the Renaissance and the Reformation. After graduating from Bryn Mawr College, she traveled to Oxford as a Fulbright Scholar before earning her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1957. She served as assistant professor at Harvard from 1956-60, moving to the University of Chicago in 1961 and to Northwestern University in 1972 as professor of history and dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. Dr. Gray subsequently assumed the office of provost (1972-78) and acting president (1977-78) at Yale University before returning to the University of Chicago in 1978 to become the first female (full) president of a major university. She served as president through 1993, making her 15-year tenure the third-longest, and one of the most productive, in the university's history. She currently holds the title of Harry Pratt Judson Professor Emeritus. Along with her husband, Charles M. Gray, she is the editor of Journal of Modern History (1965-70). Dr. Gray has been honored with awards including the Medal of Liberty, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and, most recently, the Chicago Historical Society's 2008 Making History Award. She is the author of Searching for Utopia: Universities and Their Histories (2011) and An Academic Life (2018). | |
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