APS Member History

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361	Name:	Prof. Jean-Baptiste Duroselle
	Institution:	Sorbonne & Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
	Year Elected:	1975
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1917
	Death Date:	9/12/94

362	Name:	Victor Duruy
	Year Elected:	1886
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased

363	Name:	Dr. Christian de Duve
	Institution:	Rockefeller University & Catholic University, Louvain
	Year Elected:	1991
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	202. Cellular and Developmental Biology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1917
	Death Date:	May 4, 2013

	Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve had been Emeritus Professor at both Catholic University, Louvain (since 1985) and Rockefeller University (since 1988) prior to his death on May 4, 2013 at the age of 95 at his home in Nethen, Belgium. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Louvain in 1945, training under Albert Claude and Hugo Theorell. A specialist in subcellular biochemistry and cell biology, Dr. de Duve was credited with discovering peroxisomes, a cell organelle, and his unique improvements on zonal centrifugation in the early 1960s led to the identification of the lysosomal fractions and its most important function in health and disease. His work on cell fractionalization has also provided a great deal of insight into the function of cell structures. For his work describing the structure and function of organelles in biological cells, Dr. de Duve, together with Albert Claude and George E. Palade, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1974. He is also the recipient of the Heineken Medal (1973) and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1975). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1991.

364	Name:	Charles Dvorjak
	Year Elected:	1853
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased

365	Name:	Fortunatus Dwarris
	Year Elected:	1775
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased

366	Name:	Professor Raymond A. Dwek
	Institution:	Institute of Biology; Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford
	Year Elected:	2006
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Raymond Dwek was born on November 10, 1941 in Manchester, England and studied at Manchester University, where he obtained his B.Sc. degree in 1963 and his M.Sc. degree in 1964. Dr. Dwek received his D.Phil. degree from Lincoln College, Oxford. He was awarded a D.Sc from Oxford University in 1985. Raymond Dwek's early research work (1963-73) was concerned with novel applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Physical, Inorganic and Biochemistry summarised in his book in 1973. He pioneered the application of magnetic resonance to antibody molecules. His subsequent work on the antibody molecule focused on the structural and functional roles of the conserved carbohydrates. This led to the concept that glycoproteins exist in many glycosylated variants, or glycoforms. In 1988, in a seminal review, he introduced the term 'Glycobiology' which entered the Oxford English Dictionary in 1991. Early in his career, Dr. Dwek pioneered industrial-academic partnerships. In 1982, he secured a grant with Monsanto Company, the first major interaction Oxford University had with an industrial company in its 800 year history. As a result, Dr. Dwek and his colleagues were able to develop technology for studying sugar attached to proteins. This led to opportunities for drug discovery which eventually led to worldwide approval of a drug for Gaucher Disease and new approaches for anti-viral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C viral infection and HIV. In 1988, he founded Oxford GlycoSciences, Oxford University's first ever spin-off company, using the technology emerging from his laboratory. In 1991 he founded the Glycobiology Institute at Oxford University of which he became Director. He also was Head of the Department of Biochemistry at Oxford University from 2000-2007 and Institute Professor at the Scripps Research Institute in 2008. He was elected in 2008 to a three year term as President of the Institute of Biology. Dr. Dwek has served on a number of institutional and corporate boards including United Therapeutics, USA. His scientific positions include Personal Special Advisor on Biotechnology to the President of Ben Gurion University, Israel where he has been involved in helping to build a National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev. In 2007 he was appointed Chair of Technology and Society in the John W. Kluge Center at the Library of Congress. His honors and awards include the Seventh Wellcome Trust Award for Research in Biochemistry Related to Medicine in 1994, the First Scientific Leadership Award from the Hepatitis B Foundation in 1997, the Institute of Biology's Huxley Medal in 2007 and the Romanian Order of Merit with rank of commander in 2000 for his major contribution to Romanian-British co-operation in biochemistry and molecular biology. He has received honorary doctorates from The Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium and Ben Gurion University in Beer-Sheva, Israel, The Scripps Institute, La Jolla, USA and Cluj University, Romania. He is an Honorary Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, and of the Royal Institute of Physicians, London. Dr. Dwek was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1998 for his "fundamental work in glycobiology, [and] for technical development and research allowing knowledge of oligosaccharides to be placed beside that of proteins and DNA." He is a Fellow of EMBO (The European Molecular Biology Organisation). The author of three books, over 500 scientific articles, and a large number of editorials for both scientific and general audiences, Dr. Dwek is a co-inventor on over 70 patents.

367	Name:	Georg M. Ebers
	Year Elected:	1895
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased

368	Name:	Sir John C. Eccles
	Institution:	State University of New York, Buffalo
	Year Elected:	1964
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	209. Neurobiology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1903
	Death Date:	5/2/97

369	Name:	Arthur S. Eddington
	Year Elected:	1931
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1883
	Death Date:	11/22/44

370	Name:	Bryan Edwards
	Year Elected:	1774
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	5/21/1743
	Death Date:	7/16/1800

	Bryan Edwards (21 May 1743–16 July 1800) was a historian, politician, plantation owner, and a member of the American Philosophical Society via his election in 1774. His early life was marked by hardship and disruption—his father, who worked diligently but unsuccessfully to increase his family’s wealth, died when Bryan was thirteen years old, leaving the family with little financial security—but his fortunes quickly changed. His widowed mother, Elizabeth Bayly, turned to her two wealthy brothers, Zachary and Nathaniel, for support. In 1759, Bryan moved to Jamaica to live with Zachary Bayly, who, upon his death in 1769, left his nephew five estates. Soon afterward, Bryan also inherited two plantations from a friend, Benjamin Hume. At least 1500 enslaved people worked on these properties, producing sugar and rum. Edwards’s wealth thus became dependent on the institution of slavery: unsurprisingly, he became a lifelong and public opponent of the abolitionist movement. Edwards’s political career in Jamaica began in 1765 when he joined the House of Assembly in the parish of St. George. He later ran three times for British Parliament; in 1795, he was elected to a seat for the county of Grampound. During his tenure as an elected official, he participated in heated debates in defense of slavery against the abolitionist leader William Wilberforce but was considered a moderate voice on the issue. Today, he is most well-remembered as a writer and historian of the West Indies. Between 1784 and 1797, Edwards published multiple works including pamphlets, poems, speeches, and multi-volume histories of the cultures and economies of the region. He spent the last eight years of his life in Southampton, where he worked as a merchant and established a bank. He became a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in 1797. Upon his death in 1880, he left his son, Zachary Hume Edwards, a great fortune. (DNB)

371	Name:	Professor Peter P. Edwards
	Institution:	University of Oxford
	Year Elected:	2012
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1949

	Peter P. Edwards is currently Professor and Head of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Oxford, and has held this position since 2003. Born in, England, he received his Ph.D. from Salford University in 1974. He has won a number of awards, including the Liversidge Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry (1998), the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society (2003), and the Corday-Morgan Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2006). He is a member of the Royal Society (1996) and the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (2009). Peter Edwards’s work spans from inorganic and physical chemistry to condensed matter physics in both their purest and most applied aspects. He is the leading chemist studying the metal/insulator transition and superconductivity. He developed and championed a simple criterion for the metal-insulator transition applicable to many systems, including expanded fluid metals, hydrogen in the outer planets, transition metal oxides and doped semi-conductors. Motivated by the size induced metal/insulator transition, he discovered a wide variety of stoichiometrically defined metallic cluster compounds. Before the discovery of cuprates, Edwards identified doped transition metal oxides as possible superconductors, beginning with the superconducting spinel . He later discovered both the mercury-lead-based compounds which held the record high temperature transition and the fluoride-oxide superconductors. Edwards leads the U.K. Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Consortium. His scientific joie de vivre is illustrated by his paper on the materials aspects of Stradivarius violins. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012.

372	Name:	Dr. Dietz Otto Edzard
	Institution:	Institut für Assyriologie und Hethitologie, Universität München
	Year Elected:	1996
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1930
	Death Date:	June 2, 2004

373	Name:	Professor Manfred Eigen
	Institution:	Max Planck Institute
	Year Elected:	1968
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1927
	Death Date:	February 6, 2019

	German biophysicist Manfred Eigen was the director of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry. Recognized throughout the world for his outstanding work in the field of chemical kinetics, he received the Nobel Prize in 1967, along with Ronald George Wreyford Norrish and George Porter, for his study of extremely fast chemical reactions induced in response to very short pulses of energy. He also made significant contributions to the theory of the chemical hypercycle, the cyclic linkage of reaction cycles as an explanation for the self-organization of pre-biotic systems. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Dr. Eigen was the recipient of many awards, including the Otto Hahn Prize for Chemistry and Physics and the Kirkwood Medal and Harrison How Award of the American Chemical Society. In addition to his standing as a preeminent scientist, Dr. Eigen was also known for his courteous manner and his love of the piano, which he often played with chamber groups. Manfred Eigen died February 6, 2019 in Goettingen, Germany at the age of 91.

374	Name:	Luigi Einaudi
	Year Elected:	1947
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1874
	Death Date:	10/30/61

375	Name:	Dr. Shmuel Eisenstadt
	Institution:	Hebrew University
	Year Elected:	1973
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	301. Anthropology, Demography, Psychology, and Sociology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1923
	Death Date:	September 2, 2010

	Israeli sociologist Shmuel Eisenstadt was the Rose Isaacs Professor of Sociology Emeritus at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and worked at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute. A truly international scholar, he applied in his work a comparative-studies approach to Jewish, Japanese, and European cultures. Known worldwide as a synthesizer and a bridge-builder to other disciplines, Prof. Eisenstadt coined the concept of "multiple modernities", according to which each civilization has its own strengths and weaknesses between which there can develop strong contestations. This concept is antithetical to that of a clash of civilizations. The author of works including Modernization, Protest and Change (1966), The Protestant Ethic and Change (1968) and Tradition, Change and Modernity (1992), Explorations in Jewish Historical Experience: The Civilizational Dimension (2004). Prof. Eisenstadt was also the editor of Multiple Modernities (2002). A member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and of the National Academy of Sciences, he held a Ph. D. from the Hebrew University and was recognized with awards including the Balzan Prize, the Max Planck research prize and the Holberg International Memorial Prize for 2006. S. N. Eisenstadt died on September 2, 2010, at the age of 87, at home in Jerusalem.

376	Name:	Dr. Ronald D. Ekers
	Institution:	CSIRO, Australia Telescope National Facility
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Professor Ron Ekers was appointed Foundation Director of CSIRO's Australia Telescope National Facility in 1988 and he continued in this role until March 2003, when he took up his Federation Fellowship. He graduated from the University of Adelaide in 1963 and gained his Ph.D. in astronomy at the Australian National University in 1967. His professional career has taken him to the California Institute of Technology, the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy in Cambridge, UK, the Kapteyn Laboratory in Groningen, The Netherlands, and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in New Mexico. He was director of the VLA, the major national radio telescope in the USA, from 1980 until 1987. He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, a Foreign Member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Science and a Foreign Member of the American Philosophical Society. He is the president of the International Astronomical Union. Dr. Ekers's research interests include extragalactic astronomy, especially cosmology, galactic nuclei and radio astronomical techniques.

377	Name:	Thomas S. Eliot
	Year Elected:	1960
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1888
	Death Date:	1/4/65

378	Name:	Dr. Naomi Ellemers
	Institution:	Utrecht University
	Year Elected:	2023
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	305
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1963

	Naomi Ellemers is a social and organizational psychologist, working as a Distinguished University Professor at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, and Honorary Professor at the University of Queensland, Australia. For eight years (2015-2023), she was member of the external supervisory board of PwC in the Netherlands, as an expert on behavior and organizational culture change. Her research connects psychophysiological indicators of group processes and intergroup relations to practical issues in work teams and organizations. She developed the Behavioral Regulation Theory, to explain how group-level moral norms impact on the cognitions, emotions, and behavioral choices of individuals. Her work on the psychology of morality offers a new perspective on the impact of organizational cultures on work behavior (relating to diversity and inclusion, and workplace integrity) and on organizational and citizen compliance with legal guidelines. She has developed long-standing research collaborations with practitioners, policy makers and regulators to develop and test effective interventions, addressing a broad range of issues relating to diversity and social safety, work ethics and socially responsible behavior in organizations. She is co-founder of Athena’s Angels: Four women who work towards equal opportunities for women in science (https://www.athenasangels.nl/nl/), and of the NIM: The Netherlands Inclusiveness Monitor for organizations (https://nederlandseinclusiviteitsmonitor.nl/) She is chair of the board of the SCOOP research consortium, initiated to develop a longstanding multi-site, multi-disciplinary research program on sustainable cooperation for a resilient society. She also chaired the committee that was invited by the Ministry of Education to advise about the national policy on Social Safety in Academia. The relevance and contribution of her work has been recognized with multiple substantial grants and honors. These include an Honorary Doctorate from UC Louvain in Belgium, as well as her election as a member of the Netherlands Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), the British Academy (FBA), the Academia Europaea (MAE), and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS). Recent key publications Books: Ellemers, N., Pagliaro, S. , & Van Nunspeet, F. (Eds). (2023). International Handbook of the Psychology of Morality. Routledge. Ellemers, N., & De Gilder, D. (2022). The moral organization: Key issues, analyses and solutions. Cham: Springer publishers. Ellemers, N. (2017). Morality and the regulation of social behavior: Groups as moral anchors. Milton Park, UK: Routledge. Journal articles and book chapters: Ellemers, N., & Chopova, T. (2021). social responsibility of organizations: Perceptions of organizational morality as a key mechanism explaining the relation between CSR activities and stakeholder support. Research in Organizational Behavior, 41, 100156. Ellemers, N. (2021). Science as collaborative knowledge generation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60, 1-28. Ellemers, N., & Van Nunspeet, F. (2020). Neuroscience and the social origins of (im)moral behavior: How neural underpinnings of social categorization and conformity affect every day (im)moral behavior Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29, 513-520. Ellemers, N., Fiske, S., Abele, A.E., Koch, A., & Yzerbyt, V. (2020). Adversarial alignment enables competing models to engage in cooperative theory-building, toward cumulative science. Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences, 117, 7561-7567. Ellemers, N., & De Gilder, D. (2020). Categorization and identity as motivational principles in intergroup relations. Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles (pp 452-472). Third edition. P. Van Lange, E.T. Higgins, & A. Kruglanski (Eds.) New York: Guilford Press. Ellemers, N., Van der Toorn, J., Paunov, Y., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2019). The psychology of morality: A review and analysis of empirical studies published from 1940 through 2017. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23, 332-366. Ellemers, N. (2018). Morality and social identity. In: M. Van Zomeren & J. Dovidio (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Human Essence (pp. 147-158). Oxford Library of Psychology, Oxford University Press. Ellemers, N. (2018). Gender stereotypes. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 275-298. Ellemers, N., & Rink, F. (2016). Diversity in work groups. Current Opinion in Psychology, 11, 49-53. Ellemers, N., & Van der Toorn, J. (2015). Groups as moral anchors. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 6, 189-194. Ellemers, N., & Barreto, M. (2015). Modern discrimination: How perpetrators and targets interactively perpetuate social disadvantage. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 3, 142-146. Ellemers, N. (2014). Women at work: How organizational features impact career development. Policy Insights from Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1, 46-54.

379	Name:	John Ellis
	Year Elected:	1774
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1710
	Death Date:	10/5/1776

	John Ellis (c.1710–c.5 October 1776) was a zoologist, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1774. Likely born in Ireland to a middle-class English family, Ellis apprenticed under a London clothworker, before later launching a successful linen business of his own. His income now steady, Ellis was free to pursue his true passion: natural history. Known as one of the earliest marine biologists, he studied invertebrates and had a penchant for zoophytes, publishing descriptions and engravings of these creatures alongside his Swedish collaborator, Daniel Solander. Most notably, the two discovered that sponges are animals. For this work he became a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1754 and was its Copely medallist in 1767. Many of his biological papers appear in the Transactions of the Royal Society from 1754 to 1776. He was one of the first to speculate that microorganisms cause putrefaction as well as disease, despite being credited for neither discovery. Going bankrupt in 1759, Ellis shifted careers and became an administrator in the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Commerce and Science, moving his focus towards tropical plants. He wrote extensively on this topic, notably his 1770 Directions for Bringing Over Seeds and Plants, Coffee (1774), and Mangosteen and Breadfruit (1775). Towards the end of his life he made several trips to the South-East coast of England to continue to study invertebrates before dying in Hampstead and being buried at St. Leonard’s in Bromley. (DNB)

380	Name:	Dr. Katharine Ellis
	Institution:	University of Cambridge
	Year Elected:	2017
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	International
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1963

	Katharine Ellis is best known for her pioneering work on the cultural history of music in France during the long nineteenth century. Her research straddles musicology, history and French studies, and covers musical repertoires ranging from medieval plainchant to 20th-century modernism. She seeks to explain the cultural import of musical tastes and practices, while also asking how those in the art-worlds of music negotiated France’s complex aesthetic, social and regulatory frameworks. In journal articles and book chapters she has published widely on the history of music and education, on women's musical careers, on opera and its institutions, on Paris−province relations, and on musical fiction. Her monographs embrace reception history and canon-formation via the historical press (Music Criticism in Nineteenth-Century France, 1995), the early music revival (Interpreting the Musical Past, 2005), and the tangled web of Benedictine musical politics and Church/State relations around 1900 (The Politics of Plainchant in fin-de-siècle France, 2013). Two co-edited collections address the pan-European career of Hector Berlioz (The Musical Voyager, 2008) and text/music relations in the long nineteenth century (Words & Notes, 2013). After degrees in Music at Oxford, a Junior Research Fellowship in French Studies at St Anne’s College, Oxford, lectureships at the Open University and Royal Holloway University of London, and chairs at the Universities of London and Bristol, Katharine Ellis is 1684 Professor at the Faculty of Music in Cambridge. She has acted as joint and solo editor for Music & Letters and the Journal of the Royal Musical Association respectively, and has been a joint guest editor of Dix-neuf. She currently sits on several editorial boards in France and the UK, and is a series editor for Boydell & Brewer’s ‘Music in Society and Culture’ monographs. She co-directs the Francophone Music Criticism 1789-1914 international network www.fmc.ac.uk, was inaugural Director of the Institute of Musical Research at the University of London’s School of Advanced Study (2006-2009), and was recently (2017) elected as a Director-at-Large of the American Musicological Society. She has received major funding awards from the Arts and Humanities Research Council of the UK, the British Academy, and the Leverhulme Foundation. She was elected to the Academia Europaea in 2010 and became a Fellow of the British Academy in 2013.

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