Class
| • | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | [X] |
Subdivision
| • | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | [X] |
| | 1 | Name: | Dr. Elizabeth Alexander | | | Institution: | Mellon Foundation | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1962 | | | | | | |
Elizabeth Alexander - poet, educator, memoirist, scholar, and cultural advocate - is president of The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the nation’s largest funder in arts and culture, and humanities in higher education. With more than two decades of experience leading innovative programs in education, philanthropy, and beyond, Dr. Alexander builds partnerships at Mellon to support the arts and humanities while strengthening educational institutions and cultural organizations across the world.
Prior to joining the Foundation, Dr. Alexander served as the director of Creativity and Free Expression at the Ford Foundation, shaping Ford’s grantmaking vision in arts and culture, journalism, and documentary film. There, she co-designed the Art for Justice Fund-an initiative that uses art and advocacy to address the crisis of mass incarceration-and guided the organization in examining how the arts and visual storytelling can empower communities.
Over the course of a distinguished career in education, Dr. Alexander has taught and inspired a generation of students. She was the Wun Tsun Tam Mellon Professor in the Humanities at Columbia University from 2015 until joining the Foundation in 2018. Between 2000 and 2015, Dr. Alexander taught at Yale University, where she was a professor in the departments of African American Studies, American Studies, and English, helping rebuild the school's African American Studies department while serving as its chair for four years. In 2015, she was appointed Yale University's inaugural Frederick Iseman Professor of Poetry. At Smith College, Dr. Alexander was the Grace Hazard Conkling Poet-in-Residence and the inaugural director of the Poetry Center. While an assistant professor at the University of Chicago, she was awarded the Quantrell Prize for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching.
An author or co-author of fourteen books, Dr. Alexander was twice a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize: for poetry with American Sublime and for biography with her 2015 memoir, The Light of the World. Her poetry and essays include Crave Radiance: New and Selected Poems 1990-2010 (2010), Power and Possibility: Essays, Reviews, Interviews (2007), American Sublime (2005), The Black Interior: Essays (2004), Antebellum Dream Book (2001), Body of Life (1996), and The Venus Hottentot (1990). Accolades for her work include the Jackson Poetry Prize, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship, the George Kent Award, the National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, and three Pushcart Prizes for Poetry. In 2009, Dr. Alexander composed and delivered a poem, "Praise Song for the Day," for President Barack Obama's inauguration.
Alexander earned a BA from Yale University, an MA from Boston University, and a PhD in English from the University of Pennsylvania. She holds honorary doctorates from Yale University, Haverford College, Simmons College, and the College of St. Benedict. Dr. Alexander is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, chancellor of the Academy of American Poets and serves on the board of the Pulitzer Prize. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2020. | |
| 2 | Name: | Miss Anne d'Harnoncourt | | | Institution: | Philadelphia Museum of Art | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | Death Date: | June 1, 2008 | | | | |
| 3 | Name: | Hon. Walter H. Annenberg | | | Institution: | Court of St. James's & Triangle Publications, Inc. | | | Year Elected: | 1990 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1908 | | | Death Date: | October 1, 2002 | | | | |
| 4 | Name: | The Honorable Leonore Annenberg | | | Institution: | The Annenberg Foundation | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1918 | | | Death Date: | March 12, 2009 | | | | | | |
As president and sole director of the Annenberg Foundation, Leonore Annenberg continues to carry out the foundation's mission, established with her late husband Walter H. Annenberg (elected to the APS in 1990), to advance the public well-being through improved communication. As the principal means of achieving this goal, the foundation encourages the development of more effective ways to share ideas and knowledge. The foundation's primary grant-making interests are in education, culture, the arts, and community and civic life. It provides funding for programs likely to produce beneficent change on a large scale. In addition to the national Challenge Grant for Public School Reform, $500 million matching grants program of 18 locally-designed projects, the Annenberg Foundation provided support for a 20-year partnership in educational programming with the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Other major grants have been made to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, and the Metropolitan Opera. Recent awards have supported major design and construction projects, including the Capitol Visitor Center in Washington, DC, the Liberty Bell Pavilion and the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, and the British Museum in London. In January 2007 Ms. Annenberg received the Academy of Music 150th Anniversary Award in recognition of her longtime support of both the Academy and the Philadelphia Orchestra. Her latest honor is the prestigious Philadelphia Award, given annually to a person who has worked to better the Philadelphia region. | |
| 5 | Name: | Mr. Neil Armstrong | | | Institution: | NASA | | | Year Elected: | 2001 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1930 | | | Death Date: | August 25, 2012 | | | | | | |
Neil A. Armstrong will always be known as the first man to walk on the moon, saying "One small step for (a) man. One giant step for mankind." as he stepped onto the surface. As a naval aviator, he flew combat missions from the aircraft carrier USS Essex in the Korean action, and subsequently spent 17 years with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as an engineer, research pilot, astronaut and administrator. As a research pilot for NASA's Flight Research Center at Edwards, CA, Mr. Armstrong was project pilot on many pioneering high speed aircraft, including the rocket powered X-1 and the hypersonic X-15. He was selected as an astronaut in 1962. He was commander of the Gemini 8 flight in 1966 when he performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space. As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, he, with colleagues Mike Collins and Buzz Aldrin, completed the first landing mission to the moon. Neil Armstrong subsequently was responsible for the management of overall NASA research and technology work related to aeronautics. During the years 1971 through 1979, he was the University Professor of Engineering at the University of Cincinnati. He was the Chairman of the EDO Corporation, an engineering systems manufacturing firm. He received his engineering education at Purdue University and the University of Southern California. Mr. Armstrong was a Fellow of the Experimental Test Pilots and the Royal Aeronautical Society, and Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and the International Aeronautical Federation. He was a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco. He served as Chairman of the Presidential Advisory Committee for the Peace Corps (1971-73), as Vice Chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (1986), and as a member of the National Commission on Space (1985-86). Mr. Armstrong's explorations on earth include reaching the North Pole and, with the British Army, mapping caves in the Oriente of Ecuador. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 2011 and was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2001. Neil Armstrong died on August 25, 2012, at the age of 82. | |
| 6 | Name: | Dr. Babak Ashrafi | | | Institution: | Consortium for History of Science, Technology, and Medicine | | | Year Elected: | 2015 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1960 | | | | | | |
Under Babak Ashrafi’s leadership, PACHS (Philadelphia Area Consortium for the History of Science) established a collaboration among repositories and universities for the purposes of promoting scholarly and public understanding of the history of science, technology and medicine. Beginning with a 12-member consortium of Philadelphia-region institutions, he has been highly productive and innovative, successfully establishing, for example, an on-line union catalogue of the history of science holdings of PACHS members, and deploying a unique and universally admired search facility. PACHS has been so successful it was one of the models used to establish the Chicago Collections Consortium (to which Ashrafi served as a key consultant). PACHS evolved from a regional to a national/international collaborative, and in January 2015 became the Consortium for History of Science, Technology and Medicine. In its expansion beyond its regional focus, the current 12 members are joined by the University of Toronto, Yale University, Columbia University, The New York Academy of Medicine, the American Institute of Physics, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Linda Hall Library. Ashrafi uniquely combines the talents of scholar, non-profit entrepreneur, development officer, and executive administrator, and has improved productivity prospects for an entire discipline by changing the way historians of science interact, exchange ideas and collaborate, and by providing new Fellowship and grant opportunities for both young scholars and for those engaged in more advanced research. | |
| 7 | Name: | Mr. Herbert Smith Bailey | | | Institution: | Princeton University Press | | | Year Elected: | 1986 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1921 | | | Death Date: | June 28, 2011 | | | | | | |
A Princeton University graduate, Herbert Smith Bailey, Jr. became the youngest head of a university press in the country in 1954 when he assumed that role with the Princeton University Press at age thirty-two. Over the next thirty-two years, he strengthened the Press's publication program and undertook a number of long-term, monumental projects, most notably The Papers of Woodrow Wilson (a 69-volume series, edited by Arthur Link, which was completed in 1993), The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau, and The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein. Mr. Bailey also oversaw the publication of many other multi-volume editions, including the writings of Aaron Burr, Edward Fitzgerald and Soren Kierkegaard. Having come to publishing from the side of science (He was the first science editor at the Press.), Mr. Bailey became recognized as a thoughtful and eloquent spokesman for the role of scholarship across all subjects. In all, about four thousand works of scholarship were published during his tenure at the Press, including winners of the National Book Award, the Pulitzer Prize and Phi Beta Kappa Awards. Mr. Bailey was also at the forefront of book preservation, establishing a policy as early as the late 1950s that all hardbound books at the Press be printed on acid-free "permanent" paper. Herbert Smith Bailey, Jr. retired from publishing in 1986. He received degrees from Princeton (A.B., 1942; L.L.D., 1986) and Yale Universities (L.H.D., 1970). He died on June 28, 2011, at the age of 89, in Chapel Hill, North Carolinia. | |
| 8 | Name: | The Honorable Nancy Kassebaum Baker | | | Institution: | U. S. Senate | | | Year Elected: | 1996 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1932 | | | | | | |
Nancy Landon Kassebaum was born in Topeka, Kansas in 1932. In 1954 she received a B.A. in political science from the University of Kansas and in 1956 a Masters in Diplomatic History from the University of Michigan. In 1978 she was elected to the United States Senate from Kansas and served three terms, retiring in 1997. During her Senate tenure, she served as Chairman of the Labor and Human Resources Committee, Chairman of the Subcommittee on African Affairs, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Aviation. In 1996 she married Howard Baker, formerly U.S. Senate Majority Leader, White House Chief of Staff under President Reagan, and U.S. Ambassador to Japan. Prior to living in Japan from 2001-2005, Senator Nancy Kassebaum Baker served on the Board of Trustees for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Kaiser Family Foundation. She is past Chairman of the National Advisory Committee on Rural Health, the George C. Marshall Foundation, and the American-Turkish Council. She served as the U.S. Commissioner on Prime Minister Blair's Commission for Africa. She has four children and seven grandchildren. | |
| 9 | Name: | Dr. D. James Baker | | | Institution: | Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | | |
D. James Baker is a distinguished scientist, innovative administrator, and strong communicator of scientific issues to the public. He received his B. S. from Stanford University in 1958 and his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1962 and has three honorary degrees. He joined the faculty at Harvard University, becoming an associate professor of physical oceanography in 1966. At Harvard, he discovered a new fluid instability, he (with A.R. Robinson) made the first laboratory model of the equatorial ocean circulation, and developed and patented a new deep-sea pressure gauge. In 1973 he moved to the University of Washington where he (with R. B. Wearn) conducted the first deep pressure measurements for monitoring ocean currents in the Drake Passage, and co-founded and was the first Dean of the College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences. From 1983 to 1983 he served as president of Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. He co-founded The Oceanography Society and was its first president. As the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the Clinton Administration from 1993 - 2001, he guided the modernization of the National Weather Service and achieved new funding for the Argo float program which now covers the world ocean. Later he served as president of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia from 2002 to 2006, developing new public programs. From 2007 to 2016 he was the Director of the Global Carbon Measurement Program for the William J. Clinton Foundation. He is currently an advisor to FLINTpro, a company of forestry experts and software engineers that helps protect their forest landscapes. His book on satellite measurements, Planet Earth: The View from Space (1990), published by Harvard University Press, is an international reference work. He was awarded the Vikram Sarabhai Medal by the Government of India in 1998 for "Outstanding Contributions to Space Research in Developing Countries." Dr. Baker was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2003. | |
| 10 | Name: | Mr. George B. Beitzel | | | Institution: | IBM | | | Year Elected: | 1987 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | Death Date: | June 26, 2018 | | | | | | |
George B. Beitzel retired from IBM as a member of the corporate office and the board of directors. Mr. Beitzel graduated from Amherst College and was Chairman Emeritus of Amherst. He served twenty-one years on the board, the last six as chairman. His alma mater awarded him a Doctor of Law Degree (honorary). George Beitzel received an MBA from Harvard and served twelve years on the board of directors of the Associates at Harvard Business School. He was a recipient of HBS Alumni Achievement Award. Mr. Beitzel was also Chairman Emeritus of The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1987. Over his business career, Mr. Beitzel served on the boards of Bankers Trust, Caliber System, Inc., Datalogix, FlightSafety, IBM, Phillips Petroleum, Roadway Express, Rohm & Haas, Square D, Actuate, Deutsche Bank Corporation, Bitstream, Computer Task Group and Gevity HR. George "Spike" Beitzel died June 26, 2018, at age 90 in Redding, Connecticut. | |
| 11 | Name: | Dr. Donald M. Berwick | | | Institution: | Institute for Healthcare Improvement | | | Year Elected: | 2016 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1946 | | | | | | |
Donald M. Berwick, MD, MPP, FRCP is President Emeritus and Senior Fellow at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), an organization that Dr. Berwick co-founded and led as President and CEO for 18 years. He is one of the nation's leading authorities on health care quality and improvement. In July, 2010, President Obama appointed Dr. Berwick to the position of Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which he held until December, 2011. A pediatrician by background, Dr. Berwick has served as Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Health Care Policy at the Harvard Medical School, Professor of Health Policy and Management at the Harvard School of Public Health, and as a member of the staffs of Boston's Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Brigham and Women's Hospital. He has also served as vice chair of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, the first "Independent Member" of the Board of Trustees of the American Hospital Association, and chair of the National Advisory Council of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
An elected member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), Dr. Berwick served two terms on the IOM’s governing Council and was a member of the IOM’s Global Health Board. He is also an elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2019). He served on President Clinton's Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Healthcare Industry. He is a recipient of numerous awards, including the 1999 Joint Commission’s Ernest Amory Codman Award, the 2002 American Hospital Association’s Award of Honor, the 2006 John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety and Quality Award for Individual Achievement from the National Quality Forum and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, the 2007 William B. Graham Prize for Health Services Research, the 2007 Heinz Award for Public Policy from the Heinz Family Foundation, the 2012 Gustav O. Lienhard Award from the IOM, and the 2013 Nathan Davis Award from the American Medical Association. In 2005, he was appointed "Honorary Knight Commander of the British Empire" by Queen Elizabeth II, the highest honor awarded by the UK to non-British subjects, in recognition of his work with the British National Health Service. Dr. Berwick is the author or co-author of over 160 scientific articles and six books. He also serves now as Lecturer in the Department of Health Care Policy at Harvard Medical School. Donald Berwick was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2016. | |
| 12 | Name: | Earl of Bessborough | | | Institution: | House of Lords | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1913 | | | Death Date: | 12/5/93 | | | | |
| 13 | Name: | Mr. James Biddle | | | Institution: | National Trust for Historic Preservation | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | March 10, 2005 | | | | |
| 14 | Name: | Dr. Charles Blitzer | | | Institution: | Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | 2/19/99 | | | | |
| 15 | Name: | Mr. Michael R. Bloomberg | | | Institution: | Bloomberg LP and Bloomberg Philanthropies | | | Year Elected: | 2015 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1942 | | | | | | |
Michael R. Bloomberg is an entrepreneur and philanthropist who served three terms as Mayor of the City of New York.
Born in Boston on February 14, 1942 and raised in a middle class home in Medford, Massachusetts, Michael Bloomberg attended Johns Hopkins University, where he paid his tuition by taking out loans and working as a parking lot attendant. After college, he attended Harvard Business School and in 1966 was hired by a Wall Street firm, Salomon Brothers, for an entry-level job.
Bloomberg quickly rose through the ranks at Salomon, overseeing equity trading and sales before heading up the firm's information systems. When Salomon was acquired in 1981, he was let go from the firm. With a vision of an information technology company that would bring transparency and efficiency to the buying and selling of financial securities, he launched a small startup in a one room office. Today, Bloomberg LP is a global company that has more than 15,500 employees and offices in 73 countries around the world.
During his tenure as mayor, from 2002 through 2013, Bloomberg brought his innovation-driven approach to city government. He turned around a broken public school system by raising standards and holding schools accountable for success. He spurred economic growth and record levels of job creation by revitalizing old industrial areas, spurring entrepreneurship, supporting small businesses, and strengthening key industries, including new media, film and television, bio-science, technology, and tourism. Mayor Bloomberg’s economic policies helped New York City experience record-levels of private-sector job growth often in formerly depressed neighborhoods, even in the wake of the deep national recession.
His passion for public health led to ambitious new strategies that became national models, including a ban on smoking in all indoor workplaces, as well as at parks and beaches. Life expectancy grew by 36 months during Mayor Bloomberg’s twelve years in office. He launched cutting-edge anti-poverty efforts, including the Young Men’s Initiative and the Center for Economic Opportunity, whose ground-breaking programs have been replicated across the country. As a result, New York City’s welfare rolls fell 25 percent, and New York was the only big city in the country not to experience an increase in poverty between the 2000 Census and 2012. He also created innovative plans to fight climate change and promote sustainable development, which helped cut the city’s carbon footprint by 19 percent. His belief that America's mayors and business leaders can help effect change in Washington led him to launch national bi-partisan coalitions to combat illegal guns, reform immigration, and invest in infrastructure. He was a strong champion of the city's cultural community, expanding support for artists and arts organizations and helping to bring more than 100 permanent public art commissions to all five boroughs.
Upon leaving City Hall, Michael Bloomberg returned to the company he founded while also devoting more time to philanthropy, which has been a top priority for him throughout his career. Today, Bloomberg Philanthropies employs a unique data-driven approach to global change that grows out of his experiences as an entrepreneur and mayor. In addition to Bloomberg Philanthropies' five areas of focus - public health, arts and culture, the environment, education, and government innovation - Bloomberg has continued to support projects of great importance to him, including his alma mater, Johns Hopkins University, where he served as the chairman of the board of trustees from 1996-2001. The university's School of Hygiene and Public Health - the largest public health facility in the U.S. - is named the Bloomberg School of Public Health in recognition of his commitment and support. Bloomberg has donated more than $3.3 billion to a wide variety of causes and organizations. As chair of the C40 Climate Leadership Group from 2010 to 2013, he drew international attention to cities’ leading role in the fight against climate change. In 2014, U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed Bloomberg to be U.N. Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change where he is focusing on helping cities and countries set and achieve more ambitious climate change goals.
Michael Bloomberg is the father of two daughters, Emma and Georgina. | |
| 16 | Name: | Mr. John C. Bogle | | | Institution: | The Vanguard Group; Bogle Financial Markets Research Center | | | Year Elected: | 2004 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1929 | | | Death Date: | January 16, 2019 | | | | | | |
Born in 1929, John C. Bogle grew up in a family whose wealth had vanished during the depression. Bogle was a responsible young man who worked steadily to support himself, as waiter, post-office clerk, reporter, and other jobs. He earned a scholarship to Blair Academy (N.J.), where he was captain of the student waiters and voted "most likely to succeed," graduating in 1947. With the help of another scholarship and more jobs, he entered Princeton University, working his way through with jobs of increasing responsibility. In December 1949, he received what he called "the lucky break of a lifetime." Reading Fortune magazine in the university library, he stumbled on an article that described the "tiny but contentious" mutual fund industry. He decided to make it the subject of his senior thesis. After exhaustive study of the industry, Bogle concluded that "The principal function of mutual funds is the management of their investment portfolios. Everything else is incidental - that future industry growth can be maximized by a reduction of costs," that funds could "make to no claim for superiority over the market averages," and that funds should operate "in the most efficient, honest, and economical way possible." Entitled The Economic Role of the Investment Company, the thesis enabled Bogle to graduate magna cum laude in June 1951. Largely on the basis of his thesis, Bogle was immediately hired by fund industry pioneer Walter L. Morgan, founder of Philadelphia's Wellington Fund. He rose quickly through the ranks, and by 1965 was leading the firm. In a move he describes as opportunistic and naïve, Bogle merged Wellington with a Boston investment firm that had achieved spectacular results during the "Go-Go Era" of the mid 1960s. The once-happy marriage was not to last, and in the midst of the 1973-74 bear market, Bogle was fired from the firm that he considered "his." Heartsick but determined, Bogle seized that well-disguised opportunity to create a firm that would embody the idealism of his senor thesis. In founding The Vanguard Group in 1974, he created a unique mutual fund firm: one that was owned, not by an external management company, as was (and is) the industry standard, but one that was owned by its mutual fund shareholders-a truly mutual fund organization. At the outset, Vanguard was responsible for just $1.4 billion of mutual fund assets. Thirty-one years later, assets under management approach $850 billion. Bogle's innovations did not stop with Vanguard's ownership structure, which has allowed the firm to operate at costs that are less than one-fifth the industry average. In 1975, just a year after he founded the firm, Vanguard launched the world's first index mutual fund (today, the 500 Index Fund is the world's largest mutual fund). Two years later, Vanguard created the first multi-series bond fund, whose then-novel structure, comprising separate short-, intermediate-, and long-term funds, quickly became the industry standard. His 1977 decision to eliminate broker distribution and abandon sales loads sharply accelerated the growth of no-load mutual funds. In 1999, exactly a half-century after the magazine had introduced him to the mutual fund industry, Fortune named John C. Bogle one of the financial industry's four "Giants of the Twentieth Century." In 2004, Time magazine named him to the "Time 100," the "World's 100 Most Powerful and Influential People." Former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul A. Volcker has praised Bogle for his "fiduciary responsibility, objectivity of analysis, and willingness to take a stand," and the former Chancellor of the Delaware Court of Chancery, William T. Allen, described him as "a man of high virtue." Bogle dedicated his long career to the notion that the human beings who own mutual fund shares deserve a fair shake. He died on January 16, 2019 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania at the age of 89. | |
| 17 | Name: | Dr. Derek C. Bok | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1980 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1930 | | | | | | |
Derek Bok is the 300th Anniversary University Professor; University President Emeritus; and Faculty Chair of the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Harvard University. He has been a lawyer and Professor of Law, Dean of the Law School and President of Harvard University. He has written several books on higher education: Beyond the Ivory Tower (1982), Higher Learning (1986), Universities and the Future of America (1990), The Shape of the River (1998), Universities in the Marketplace (2003), Our Underachieving Colleges (2006), Higher Education in America (2013) and The Struggle to Reform Our Colleges (2017). He serves as Chair of the Board of the Spencer Foundation and as Chair of Common Cause. His current research interests include the state of higher education and a project sponsored by several foundations on the adequacy of the U.S. government in coping with the nation's domestic problems. The first of his two books on this subject is The State of the Nation (1997); the second, The Trouble with Government, was published in 2001. His most recent book, The Politics of Happiness (2010), is an exploration of the crossover space between economics and psychology. In his time at Harvard, including 20 years as the university's president, Dr. Bok has reasserted the values of liberal learning and the place of undergraduate instruction in the contemporary "research university." | |
| 18 | Name: | Dr. Lee C. Bollinger | | | Institution: | Columbia University | | | Year Elected: | 2004 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1946 | | | | | | |
Lee Bollinger became the president of Columbia University in 2002 after achieving eminence at the University of Michigan as professor, Dean of the Law School and, later, as president of the University. He also served successfully as provost of Dartmouth College. His widely acclaimed scholarship on U.S. Constitutional rights has concentrated on the freedom of speech and freedom of the press, stressing that these rights not only protect individual freedom and the right to know but also promote another important value - maintaining a tolerant society. He has led the effort, recently affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court, to ensure diversity in education through affirmative measures. He has authored or edited several books, including Uninhibited, Robust and Wide Open: A Free Press for a New Century (2009). | |
| 19 | Name: | Dr. Leon Botstein | | | Institution: | Bard College | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1946 | | | | | | |
Leon Botstein has been president of Bard College since 1975. He received his B.A. degree with special honors in history from the University of Chicago and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in European history from Harvard. Dr. Botstein has been the music director of the American Symphony Orchestra since 1992 and was appointed the music director of the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra, the orchestra of the Israel Broadcast Authority, in 2003. An active international conductor, he makes frequent guest appearances with major orchestras around the world. His most recent recording is Bruno Walter’s Symphony in D Minor with the NDR Symphony Orchestra. Other recent CDs are John Fould’s A World Requiem, Ernest Chausson’s Le roi Arthus, and Paul Dukas’s Ariane et Barbe-Bleue, all with the BBC Symphony Orchestra; the music of George Perle, Roger Sessions, Bernard Rands, and Aaron Copland with the American Symphony Orchestra; and Popov’s Symphony No. 1, Op. 7, with the London Symphony Orchestra, which was nominated for a 2006 Grammy Award. He is the founder and an artistic director of the Bard Music Festival, now in its twentieth year. Dr. Botstein is the author of Jefferson's Children: Education and the Promise of American Culture, co-editor of Jews and the City of Vienna, 1870-1938, and editor of The Compleat Brahms. A member of the American Philosophical Society, Dr. Botstein has received the Carnegie Corporation Academic Leadership Award, the Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Harvard University's Centennial Award, and the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art. | |
| 20 | Name: | The Honorable Bill Bradley | | | Institution: | U. S. Senate; McKinsey & Company, Inc.; Allen & Company LLC | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs | | | Subdivision: | 503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1943 | | | | | | |
As a political leader, author and athlete, Bill Bradley has, throughout his life, succeeded in a diversity of endeavors. In 1964, he captained the United States basketball team that won the gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics. After earning a graduate degree at Oxford University, he joined the New York Knicks, playing professional basketball for ten years and helping the team to the NBA championship in 1970 and 1973. Following his retirement from basketball, Mr. Bradley was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1978. His 18 years in the Senate were marked by issues such as the fight for fair tax policies and honest budgeting, and he became one of the country's most eloquent and prophetic speakers on the issue of race relations. Overall his thoughtful, analytical approach led to an impressive record of effective reform legislation on many fronts ranging from urban deterioration and violence, to enhanced educational opportunities for those with severely limited means, to cleanup and protection of the environment. After leaving the Senate in 1997, Mr. Bradley worked as a corporate consultant and executive banker and ran for the United States presidency in 2000. He is currently a managing director at the New York investment bank Allen & Company. His book The New American Story was published in 2007 by Random House. | |
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