Subdivision
| • | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | [X] |
| | 41 | Name: | Dr. A. M. Celâl Sengör | | | Institution: | Istanbul Technical University | | | Year Elected: | 2004 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1955 | | | | | | |
An expert on the structure and evolution of the Earth's crust, Ali Mehmet Celal Sengor is one of the foremost authorities on the plate-tectonic evolution of Eurasia and has made important, innovative contributions to the accretionary mechanisms by which continents grow. Born in Turkey in 1955, he earned his Ph.D. from the State University of New York in 1982. He then returned to Turkey as a lecturer and reader at Istanbul Technical University, where in 1992 he was named Professor of Geology and head of the Department of Solid Earth Sciences. Dr. Sengor is the author of (with A. Miyashiro and K. Aki) Orogeny (1982) and (with others) The Paleogeographic Atlas of Turkey (1998). He has been widely honored for his prodigious series of articles, books, and monographs, and he has had enormous influence on scientific and educational developments in Turkey. His many awards include the Prix Lutaud-Grand Prix de l' Academie des Sciences dans le Domaine des Sciences de la Terre (1997) and the Bigsby Medal of the Geological Society of London (1999). In 1992 he became the youngest of the ten founding members of the Turkish Academy of Sciences (appointed by the Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey), and he is also a member of the Geological Society of London; Societé Geologique de France; Academia Europaea; Geological Society of America; and National Academy of Sciences. He is fluent in Turkish, English, German and French and gives elegant, exciting and lucid lectures in all of these languages. | |
| 42 | Name: | Dr. Susan Solomon | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1956 | | | | | | |
Susan Solomon is widely recognized as one of the leaders in the field of atmospheric science. After receiving her Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley in 1981, she was employed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as a research scientist. She retired in 2011 after 30 years with NOAA. In 2012 she joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where she serves as the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor of Atomospheric Chemistry & Climate Science in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.
Her scientific papers have provided not only key measurements but also theoretical understanding regarding ozone destruction, especially the role of surface chemistry. In 1986 and 1987 she served as the head project scientist of the National Ozone Expedition at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, and made some of the first measurements there that pointed towards chlorofluorocarbons as the cause of the ozone hole. In 1994, an Antarctic glacier was named in her honor in recognition of that work. In March of 2000 she received the National Medal of Science, the United States' highest scientific honor, for "key insights in explaining the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole." She is the recipient of many other honors and awards, including the highest awards of the American Geophysical Union (the Bowie Medal), the American Meteorological Society (the Rossby Medal), and the Geochemical Society (the Goldschmidt Medal). She is also the recipient of the Commonwealth Prize and the Lemaitre Prize, as well as the ozone award and Vienna Convention Award from the United Nations Environment Programme. In 1992 R&D magazine honored her as its scientist of the year. In 2004 she received the prestigious Blue Planet Prize for "pioneering research identifying the causative mechanisms producing the Antarctic ozone hole." In January 2017 she was awarded the National Academy of Sciences' Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship. She is a recipient of numerous honorary doctoral degrees from universities in the U.S. and abroad. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a foreign associate of the French Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society, the Royal Society of Chemistry, and the European Academy of Sciences. Her current research includes climate change and ozone depletion. She served as co-chair of the Working Group 1 Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), providing scientific information to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. IPCC and Albert Gore, Jr. jointly received the Nobel Prize on 2007. She was named one of the year's 100 most influential people in Time magazine in 2008. She also received the Grande Medaille of the Academy of Sciences in Paris for her leadership in ozone and climate science in 2008. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 43 | Name: | Dr. Athelstan F. Spilhaus | | | Institution: | Pan Geo, Inc. | | | Year Elected: | 1968 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | 3/30/98 | | | | |
| 44 | Name: | Dr. Lonnie G. Thompson | | | Institution: | Ohio State University | | | Year Elected: | 2006 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1948 | | | | | | |
Lonnie G. Thompson is one of the world's foremost authorities on paleo-climatology and glaciology. He has led more than 50 expeditions during the last 30 years, conducting ice-core drilling programs in the world's polar regions as well as in tropical and subtropical ice fields. Recently, Dr. Thompson and his team developed lightweight solar-powered drilling equipment for the acquisition of histories from ice fields in the high Andes of Peru and on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. The results of these histories, published in more that 180 articles, have contributed greatly toward the understanding of the Earth's past, present and future climate system. Other Thompson-led expeditions have recovered a 460-meter-long ice core, the world's longest from a mountain range (Alaska, 2002); the first tropic ice core (Peru, 1983); and cores containing the entire sequence of the Last Glacial Stage as well as cores dating over 750,000 years in age, the oldest outside the polar regions (Tibet, 1992).
Dr. Thompson's research has resulted in major revisions in the field of paleoclimatology, in particular, by demonstrating how tropical regions have undergone significant climate variability, countering an earlier view that higher latitudes dominate climate change. Dr. Thompson has received numerous honors and awards. In 2005, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and was awarded the John and Alice Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement. In 2019 he became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has been selected by Time magazine and CNN as one of "America's Best" in science and medicine. His research has been featured in hundreds of publications, including National Geographic and the National Geographic Adventure magazines. He and his team are the subject of a new book entitled: Thin Ice: Unlocking the Secrets of Climate in the World's Highest Mountains by Mark Bowen published in late 2005. In 2006, he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society and was also chosen to receive the Roy Chapman Andrews Society 2007 Distinguished Explorer Award. He has received the nation's highest honor in science, the 2005 National Medal of Science, and the 2012 Franklin Medal from the Franklin Institute. Lonnie Thompson was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2006. | |
| 45 | Name: | Dr. Billie Lee Turner | | | Institution: | Arizona State University | | | Year Elected: | 2021 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1945 | | | | | | |
Billie Lee Turner II is a geographer engaged in human-environmental science, addressing problems situated at the intersection of society and the biophysical world. These problems range from prehistory to contemporary sustainability, exemplified in three broad research topics. [1] Turner helped to establish how the ancient Maya peoples transformed their homelands, including a range of intensive agricultural practices, to sustain a large and affluent population for millennia. Ultimately, the scale of landscape changes amplified extensive drought and, combined with a diminution of economic conditions, likely contributed to the collapse of Maya city-states and the long-time depopulation of the Maya heartlands. [2] Through fieldwork with his students across the tropics, Turner helped to enlarge and apply the concept of induced intensification to understand changes among subsistence and semi-subsistence farmers, foremost in the tropical world. Building from theoretical constructs of E. Boserup, he added an environmental component that amplifies or attenuates the relationship between demands on households and the intensity of cultivation that follows. [3] Turner assisted in the development of land system science, addressing land-use and-cover change as a human-environmental system. His interdisciplinary research teams demonstrated how remote sensing, economics, ecology, climate, and spatial analysis can be fused to model the drivers of land change and to address the vulnerability of these changes on the two subsystems in question.
The outlets for this research range across multiple research communities, from archaeology, history, anthropology and geography to paleo-history, ecology, and sustainability. They include interdisciplinary journals as Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Ambio, and Nature Sustainability, as well as such book/edited book offerings as The Earth as Transformed by Human Action (Cambridge Press 1990) and Cultivated Landscapes of Middle American on the Eve of Conquest (Oxford Press, 2001).
Turner has participated in a large range of national and international research panels and committees charged with developing and leading research activities. Examples include: Chair, Core Project Planning Committee of Global Land-Use/Cover Change of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and the International Human Dimensions Programme (IGBP & IHDP); Scientific Steering, Land-use/Cover Change, IGBP & IHDP; Synthesis Committee, IGBP; Scientific Steering Committee, Global Land Project, IGBP & IHDP; Committee for Research on Global Change, Social Science Research Council; Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change, National Research Council (NRC); Committee on Grand Challenges in Environmental Science, NRC; Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, NRC; Roundtable on Science and Technology for Sustainability, National Academy of Sciences (NAS); Steering Committee, Ecosystem Services, NAS; Science Committee, DIVERSITAS.
Turner received BA and MA degrees in geography in 1968 and 1969, respectively, from the University of Texas at Austin. After two years of military service, he completed his Ph.D. in geography in 1974 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He was an Assistant Professor of Geography, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1975-76, and Research Associate (1976) and Assistant Professor of Geography, University of Oklahoma (1977-1980). With a move to the Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, he served as: Assistant Professor 1980-81, Associate Professor 1981-85, and Full Professor 1985-2008; Milton P. & Alice C. Higgins Professor of Environment and Society, 1995-2008; Director, Graduate School of Geography, 1983-88, 1997-98, and 2004-08, Director of the George Perkins Marsh Institute, 1994-97; and Distinguished Research Professor, 2008-pr. In 2008 Turner moved to Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning & School of Sustainability as the Gilbert F. White Professor of Environment and Society, with subsequent appointments as a Distinguished Sustainability Scientist, 2011, and Regents’ Professor, 2016. In addition, he is Adjunct Faculty of Graduate Studies, School of Resource and Environment, Dalhousie University.
Turner’s research contributions have received multiple awards and honors from different disciplines, foundations, and organizations, including: Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship (1981-82); Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (1994-95); Distinguished Research Honors, American Association of Geographers (1995); Centenary Medal, Royal Scottish Geographical Society (1996), Sustainability Science Award, Ecological Society of America (2002), and Outstanding Alumnus Award, University of Texas (2018). He is a member of National Academy of Sciences (1995) and American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1998), and a Fellow of the American Academy for the Advancement of Science (2002), Massachusetts Academy of Sciences (2008), and Fellow, American Association of Geographers (2020). | |
| 46 | Name: | Dr. Claudio Vita-Finzi | | | Institution: | Natural History Museum, London | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | | | | |
Claudio Vita-Finzi is a Scientific Associate at London’s Natural History Museum. Educated in Argentina and the UK, he received his PhD and ScD from Cambridge University. He held a personal chair in Neotectonics at University College London between 1988 and 2001 before moving to the Department of Mineralogy at the Museum.
Dr Vita-Finzi has worked on geological chronologies in a wide variety of settings as a means of elucidating the underlying processes. His studies of river deposits in the Mediterranean and the Near East revealed the great changes in the natural landscape of Eurasia that have occurred in the last two millennia. He went on to analyse fault history and the buckling of lithospheric plates in Greece, the Near East, SE Asia and South America, and the role of impacts in the evolution of Venus. His current studies focus on the hydrologic effects of changes in the UV component of solar luminosity.
Dr Vita-Finzi is the author of numerous papers on geochronology, tectonics, fluvial geology and geoarchaeology. His books include The Mediterranean Valleys (1969), Recent Earth History (1973), Archaeological Sites in their Setting (1978), Recent Earth Movements (1986), Monitoring the Earth (2002), Planetary Geology (2005), The Sun - a User’s Guide (2008), and A History of the Solar System (2016). He received the G K Warren Prize of the National Academy of Sciences in 1994 and was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1997. In 2012 he was elected to the British Academy. | |
| 47 | Name: | Dr. Warren M. Washington | | | Institution: | National Center for Atmospheric Research | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | | | | |
Warren Washington is a consultant and advisor to a number of government officials and committees on climate system modeling. From 1978 to 1984, he served on the President's National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere. He participated in several panels of the National Research Council and chaired its Advisory Panel for Climate Puzzle, a film produced for the 1986 PBS television series Planet Earth. Washington was a member of the Secretary of Energy's Advisory Board from 1990 to 1993 and has been on the Secretary of Energy's Biological and Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC) since 1990. Washington was elected President of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) in 1994 and was Past President in 1995. Washington received the Charles Franklin Brooks Award from the AMS for outstanding services to the Society in January 2007.
He served on the Modernization Transition Committee and the National Centers for Environment Prediction Advisory Committee of the U.S. National Weather Service. In 1998, he was appointed to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency Science Advisory Board. In May of 1995, he was appointed by President Clinton to a six-year term on the National Science Board, which helps oversee the National Science Foundation and advises the Executive Branch and Congress on science related matters. In March 2000 he was nominated by President Clinton for a second six-year term and was confirmed by the Senate in September 2000. In May 2002, The National Science Board (NSB) elected Washington as its new Chair. He was re-elected to a second term two year term in May of 2004. The National Science Board has dual responsibilities as national science policy adviser to the president and Congress and as governing board for the National Science Foundation, an independent federal agency. Washington's term ended on 10 May 2006.
He is a Fellow of the AMS and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and from 1991 to 1995 he was a member of the AAAS Board of Directors. Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2009. He is a Distinguished Alumnus of Pennsylvania State University and Oregon State University, an Alumni Fellow of Pennsylvania State University and Oregon State University, a Fellow of the African Scientific Institute, and a member of the American Geophysical Union, In 1995 Washington received the Le Verrier Medal of the Societe Meteorologique de France. In February 1997, he was inducted into the National Academy of Sciences Portrait Collection of African Americans in Science, Engineering, and Medicine and in May 1997, he was awarded the Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program Exceptional Service Award for Atmospheric Sciences in the development and application of advanced coupled atmospheric-ocean general circulation models to study the impacts of anthropogenic activities on future climate. Also, in 1998 he delivered the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Walter Orr Roberts Distinguished Lecture and a Rice University Computer and Information Technology Institute Distinguished Lecture. In 1999, Washington received the National Weather Service Modernization Award and the American Meteorological Society's Dr. Charles Anderson Award "for pioneering efforts as a mentor and passionate support of individuals, educational programs, and outreach initiatives designed to foster a diverse population of atmospheric scientists." In March 2000, Washington received the Celebrating 20th Century Pioneers in Atmospheric Sciences Award at Howard University and in April 2000, the Bonfils-Stanton Foundation Award "in recognition of significant and unique contributions in the field of science." In 2001, he gave the first Ralph W. Bromery lecture at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
In February 2002, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) announced that it had elected Washington to its membership "for pioneering the development of coupled climate models, their use on parallel supercomputing architectures, and their interpretation." That same year, he was appointed to the Science Advisory Panel of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy and the National Academies of Science Coordinating Committee on Global Change. On April 26, 2003 Washington was elected to the American Philosophical Society. In August 2004 Washington received the Vollum Award for Distinguished Accomplishment in Science and Technology from Reed College in Portland, Oregon. The Vollum Award winners are selected for the perseverance, fresh approach to problems and solutions, and creative imagination. In June 2006, Washington was the commencement speaker and recipient of an Honorary Doctorate of Science at Oregon State University. In 2010, he was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Obama and in 2019 was awarded the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, often referred to as the 'Nobel Prize for the environment'. In honor of his immense achievements a building in Penn State's Innovation Park was named the Warren M. Washington Building. In 2020 the American Meteorological Society created the Warren Washington Medal, to be awarded to individuals recorgnized for highly significant research and distinguished scientific leadership. He received the NCSE Lifetime Achievement Award for Science, Service, and Leadership in 2021. His current research involves the use of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) for studies of future climate change. He currently serves as a co-chair of the Climate Change Working Group within CCSM. His research is supported by NSF and the DOE. | |
| 48 | Name: | Dr. Gerald J. Wasserburg | | | Institution: | California Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1982 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1927 | | | Death Date: | June 13, 2016 | | | | | | |
Gerald Joseph Wasserburg was born on March 25, 1927 in New Brunswick, New Jersey, the son of Charles Wasserburg and Sarah (Levine) Wasserburg. He attended New Brunswick public schools and served in the U.S. Army as a rifleman with the 23rd Reg., 2nd Division. He was discharged in 1946 and attended Rutgers University for two years and then the University of Chicago, where he obtained a B.Sc. in physics in 1951 and an M.Sc. in geology in 1952. He served on the Juneau Ice Field Research Project under Henri Bader in 1950 and served as a consultant at the Argonne National Laboratory from 1952-55. He conducted graduate research at the University of Chicago under H. C. Urey and M. G. Inghram III and received his Ph.D. in 1954. He also served as a research associate at the university's Institute for Nuclear Studies from 1954-55. Dr. Wasserburg then moved to the California Institute of Technology, where, in the course of five decades of service, he was assistant professor (1955-59), associate professor (1959-62), professor of geology and geophysics (1962-82), John D. MacArthur Professor of Geology and Geophysics (1982-2001), Chairman of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences (1987-89) and Professor Emeritus, (2002-). Dr. Wasserburg also undertook extensive work for NASA as an advisor (1968-88) and as a member of the Lunar Sample Analysis Planning Team (LSAPT), Manned Spacecraft Center (1968-71), the Lunar Sample Review Board (1987-88), the Facilities Working Group of LSAPT, Johnson Space Center (1972-present); the Science Working Panel for Apollo Missions (1971-73); the Physical Sciences Committee (1971-75); and the Lunar Base Steering Committee (1984). He also chaired the Lunar Sample Analysis Planning Team (1970) and the Committee for Planetary and Lunar Exploration (1975-78). Dr. Wasserburg was a fellow of the American Geophysical Union (president, planetology section, 1976) and the Geological Society of America, a member of the Meteoritical Society (vice president, 1985, president, 1987-88) and the American Chemical Society and a former member of the American Physical Society, the U.S. National Committee for Geochemistry, the Committee for Planetary Exploration Study, the National Research Council, and the Advisory Council of the Petroleum Research Fund. He was also the associate editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research (1967-74) and the editor of Earth and Planetary Science Letters (1968-71) and served on the Space Science Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Wasserburg's research interests included geochemistry, geophysics and astrophysics; the use of the methods of chemical physics to problems in the evolution of the earth and the solar system; and the development of ultra-high precision and high sensitivity mass spectrometric and chemical techniques, and the application of these techniques to determine the time scales of formation of the solar system from the interstellar medium, and the evolution of planets including the earth, moon and meteorites. His major research includes short-lived radioactive nuclei in the early solar system (in particular 26Al and 107Pd); the time scales of nucleosynthesis, chemical evolution of the interstellar medium and the IGM, connections between the interstellar medium and the solar system, and the isotopic records of planetary evolution and chemical differentiation. He had also conducted general study of processes using long- and short-lived natural radioactivities, including the interaction of water and rock and the origin of natural gases, and the application of thermodynamic methods to geologic systems. Dr. Wasserburg's professional honors include membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1967) and the National Academy of Sciences (1971); NASA's Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award (1970); the Arthur L. Day Medal from the Geological Society of America (1970); NASA's Medal for Distinguished Public Service (1972 & 1978); the J. F. Kemp Medal for Distinguished Public Service from Columbia University (1973); Meteoritical Society's Leonard Medal (1975); the V. M. Goldschmidt Medal of the Geochemical Society (1978); the Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship, National Academy of Sciences (1981); a John D. MacArthur Professorship (1982); a Regents Fellowship, Smithsonian Instit.; the J. Lawrence Smith Medal of the National Academy of Sciences (1985); the Geological Society of London's Wollaston Medal (1985); the Senior U.S. Scientist Award, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (1985); the Harry H. Hess Medal of the American Geophysical Union (1985); the Crafoord Prize, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1986); the Holmes Medal, European Union of Geosciences (1987); and the Royal Astronomical Society Gold Medal (1991). He received the Bowie Medal of the American Geophysical Union in 2008. He was also a fellow of the Geological Society of London (honorary, 1995) and the Geochemical Society and the European Association for Geochemistry (1996). Dr. Wasserburg married Naomi Z. Orlick in 1951. The couple have two children: Charles David and Daniel Morris. Gerald Wasserburg died June 13, 2016, at the age of 89. | |
| 49 | Name: | Dr. George W. Wetherill | | | Institution: | Carnegie Institution of Washington | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | July 19, 2006 | | | | |
| 50 | Name: | Dr. Robert M. White | | | Institution: | National Academy of Engineering & University Corporation for Atmospheric Research & H. John Heinz Center for Science, Economics, and Environment & Washington Advisory Group | | | Year Elected: | 1991 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1923 | | | Death Date: | October 14, 2015 | | | | | | |
Robert M. White advises on environment, energy, climate change, and development and management of organizations and research programs for the Washington Advisory Group, of which he was one of the founders and its first president. He was president of the National Academy of Engineering from 1983-95. Previously, he was president of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), chief of the U.S. Weather Bureau, U.S. Commissioner to the International Whaling Commission, U.S. Permanent Representative to the World Meteorological Organization, and the first Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Prior to government service, he founded one of the first corporations devoted to environmental science and services. | |
| 51 | Name: | Dr. J. Tuzo Wilson | | | Institution: | University of Toronto | | | Year Elected: | 1971 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1908 | | | Death Date: | 4/15/93 | | | | |
| 52 | Name: | Dr. M. Gordon Wolman | | | Institution: | Johns Hopkins University | | | Year Elected: | 1999 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | February 24, 2010 | | | | | | |
M. Gordon Wolman is the B. Howell Griswold, Jr. Professor of Geography and International Affairs at The Johns Hopkins University. A native of Baltimore, Dr. Wolman was educated at Johns Hopkins (B.A., 1949) and Harvard University (Ph.D., 1953) and has taught at Johns Hopkins since 1962, prior to which he worked for the U.S. Geological Survey. Dr. Wolman's research has focused on human activities and their interactions with the natural processes impacting the earth's surface, specifically, the control of quantity and quality of streamflow and the behavior of rivers. His studies of environmental processes have involved him in work on environmental policies dealing with water, land and energy resources. Dr. Wolman's work has been recognized with many awards including the Cullman Geography Medal of the American Geography Society, the Rachel Carson Award, the Ian Campbell Medal of the American Geological Institute, the Penrose Medal of the Geological Society of America and the Horton Medal of the American Geophysical Union. A past president of the Geological Society of America, Dr. Wolman was elected to the National Academy of Science in 1988 and the National Academy of Engineering in 2002. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999. | |
| 53 | Name: | Dr. Carl Wunsch | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1941 | | | | | | |
Carl Wunsch received his Ph.D. in geophysics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1967. He joined the faculty that same year as assistant professor of oceanography and has remained at M.I.T. throughout his distinguished career. He is currently the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physical Oceanography. Dr. Wunsch is the author of (with W. Munk, P. Worcester) Ocean Acoustic Tomography (1995), The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem (1996), and Discrete Inverse and State Estimation Problems (2006). Carl Wunsch has probably worked on as broad a set of problems in physical oceanography as anyone now active, from seagoing to theory to data analysis to instrument development. He brought inverse methods to solving the ancient oceanographic problem of determining the general circulation. Walter Munk and Carl Wunsch invented ocean acoustic tomography. Dr. Wunsch proposed and helped organize the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, the largest and probably most successful of all oceanographic experiments. It included the remarkably successful use of altimetric satellites, which owes something to Wunsch for seeing what they could do. In recent years, Dr. Wunsch has begun trying to use what was learned about the modern ocean to bear on the interpretation of the paleoceanographic record. Dr. Wunsch received the Founder's Prize of the Texas Instruments Foundation in 1975, the A.G. Huntsman Prize from the Bedford Institute of Oceanography and Government of Nova Scotia in 1988, the Maurice Ewing Medal from the American Geophysical Union and U.S. Navy in 1990, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Public Service Medal in 1993, and the Henry Stommel Research Prize from the American Meteorological Society in 2000. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Royal Society of London. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2003. | |
| 54 | Name: | Dr. Hatten S. Yoder | | | Institution: | Carnegie Institution of Washington | | | Year Elected: | 1979 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1921 | | | Death Date: | August 2, 2003 | | | | |
| 55 | Name: | Dr. Maria T. Zuber | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 2005 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1958 | | | | | | |
Maria Zuber is E.A. Griswold Professor of Geophysics and Vice President for Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A world leader in the study of planetary topography and interior structure, she co-led the team that produced the topographic map of Mars that is more accurate than Earth's. Her team also developed the first reliable models of the interiors of the moon and Mars that showed that both bodies cooled rapidly after accretion. Dr. Zuber also served on the Presidential Commission tasked with implementing President Bush's space exploration plan and has authored or co-authored over 140 peer-reviewed publications. In 2002 she was named to Discover magazine's list of the 50 most important women in science. | |
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