APS Member History

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1561	Name:	Milton J. Greenman
	Year Elected:	1899
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1562	Name:	Ms. Beverly Sills Greenough
	Institution:	Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts & Metropolitan Opera & New York City Opera Company & Lincoln Center Theatre
	Year Elected:	1979
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	501. Creative Artists
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1929
	Death Date:	July 2, 2007

1563	Name:	Mr. Alan Greenspan
	Institution:	Greenspan Associates LLC; Federal Reserve System
	Year Elected:	2000
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1926

	As the longtime chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, Alan Greenspan piloted the United States economy, the world's largest, for nearly 20 years. First appointed Fed chairman by President Ronald Reagan in 1987, he was reappointed at successive four-year intervals until retiring on January 31, 2006, at which time he relinquished the chairmanship to Ben Bernanke. Mr. Greenspan was lauded for his handling of the Black Monday stock market crash that occurred very shortly after he first became chairman, as well as for his stewardship of the Internet-driven, "dot-com" economic boom of the 1990s. He remains a leading authority on American domestic economic and monetary policy, and his active influence continues to this day. In 1998 Mr. Greenspan was awarded the American Philosophical Society's Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Public Service. The citation read "in recognition of his leadership and his work as Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board. His wise formation and skillful execution of monetary policy has contributed significantly to the longest period of prosperity in the United States on record." Mr. Greenspan has published several books, including The Age of Turbulence (2007) and The Map and the Territory (2013). He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005.

1564	Name:	Dr. Jesse L. Greenstein
	Institution:	California Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1968
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1909
	Death Date:	October 21, 2002

1565	Name:	James Greenway
	Year Elected:	1794
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1566	Name:	Alan Gregg
	Year Elected:	1944
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1890
	Death Date:	6/19/57

1567	Name:	Dr. Vartan Gregorian
	Institution:	Carnegie Corporation of New York & Brown University
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1934
	Death Date:	April 15, 2021

	A scholar of Armenian, Caucasian and cognate history, Vartan Gregorian served as the twelfth president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, a grant-making institution founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1911. Prior to this position, which he assumed in 1997, Dr. Gregorian served for nine years as the sixteenth president of Brown University. Born in Tabriz, Iran of Armenian parents, he received his elementary education in Iran and his secondary education in Lebanon. He graduated with honors from Stanford University in 1958 and was awarded a Ph.D. in history and humanities from Stanford in 1964. Dr. Gregorian has subsequently taught European and Middle Eastern history at San Francisco State College, the University of California at Los Angeles, and the University of Texas at Austin. In 1972 he joined the University of Pennsylvania faculty and was appointed Tarzian Professor of History and professor of South Asian history. He was founding dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania in 1974 and four years later became its twenty-third provost until 1981. From 1981-1989, Dr. Gregorian served as a president of the New York Public Library, an institution with a network of four research libraries and eighty-three circulating libraries. In 1989 he was appointed president of Brown University. Vartan Gregorian is the author of works such as The Road To Home: My Life And Times, Islam: A Mosaic, Not A Monolith, and The Emergence of Modern Afghanistan, 1880-1946. A Phi Beta Kappa and a Ford Foundation Foreign Area Training Fellow, he is a recipient of numerous fellowships, including those from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Social Science Research Council and the American Philosophical Society. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and in 1969 he received the Danforth Foundation's E.H. Harbison Distinguished Teaching Award. Dr. Gregorian was the 2008 recipient of the James L. Fisher Award for Distinguished Service to Education from the Council for Advancement and Support of Education and recently received the Distinguished Service Award from the Council on Foundations. He has been decorated by the French (Chevalier of Legion of Honor), Italian, Austrian, Portuguese and Armenian governments and received the National Humanities Medal from President Clinton in 1998. In 2004, President Bush awarded him the Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civil award. He died on April 15, 2021.

1568	Name:	Henry D. Gregory
	Year Elected:	1889
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1569	Name:	Herbert E. Gregory
	Year Elected:	1923
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1870

1570	Name:	Herbert H. Gregory
	Year Elected:	1923
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1571	Name:	William K. Gregory
	Year Elected:	1925
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1876

1572	Name:	Dr. Carol W. Greider
	Institution:	University of California Santa Cruz
	Year Elected:	2016
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1961

	Carol Greider, Ph.D. received her bachelor’s degree from the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1983 and a Ph.D. in 1987 from the University of California at Berkeley. In 1984, working together with Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn, she discovered telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres, or chromosome ends. In 1988, Dr. Greider was recruited to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory as an independent Cold Spring Harbor Fellow, where she cloned and characterized the RNA component of telomerase. In 1990, Dr. Greider was appointed as an assistant investigator at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, followed later by appointment to Investigator in 1994. She expanded the focus of her telomere research to include the role of short telomeres in cellular senescence, cell death and in cancer. In 1997, Dr. Greider moved her laboratory to the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. In 2003, she was appointed as the Daniel Nathans Professor and Director of the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics. Dr. Greider’s group continued to study the biochemistry of telomerase and determined the secondary structure of the human telomerase RNA. In addition, she characterized the loss of telomere function in mice, which allowed an understanding of human diseases that make up the short telomere syndromes. Dr. Greider shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009 with Drs. Elizabeth Blackburn and Jack Szostak for their work on telomeres and telomerase. In 2014, Dr. Greider was appointed as a Blooomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Greider directs a group of scientists studying both the role of short telomeres in age-related disease and cancer as well as the regulatory mechanism that maintain telomere length. In 2020 she became Distinguished Professor of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental (MCD) Biology at University of California Santa Cruz.

1573	Name:	Dr. Paul F. Grendler
	Institution:	University of Toronto
	Year Elected:	2002
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	Paul Grendler received a Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin in 1964. In 1965 he went to the University of Toronto as an assistant professor and remained there throughout his career. He became professor emeritus in 1998. He is the author of Critics of the Italian World, 1530-1560, 1977; The Roman Inquisition and the Venetian Press, 1540-1605, 1977; Culture and Censorship in Late Renaissance Italy and France, 1981; Schooling in Renaissance Italy, 1989; Books and Schools in the Italian Renaissance, 1995; The Universities of the Italian Renaissance, 2002; Renaissance Education Between Religion and Politics, 2006; and The European Renaissance in American Life, 2006. He was Editor in Chief of The Encyclopedia of the Renaissance, 6 volumes, in 1999, and The Renaissance, an Encyclopedia for Students, 4 volumes, in 2004. He was articles editor for Renaissance Quarterly from 2000 to 2003. Paul Grendler is one of the most distinguished American scholars studying the Italian Renaissance. He is as recognized and esteemed in Italy as in North America. His book on Venice and the Inquisition was a pioneering study that has become a classic. His masterpiece, however, is his Schooling in Renaissance Italy, which after all these centuries finally told us what went on in those schools from which secondary education in the Western world was derived. His book on the universities of the Italian Renaissance is the first comprehensive study in any language of all Italian universities between 1400 and 1600 while The European Renaissance in American Life examines how Americans re-create the Renaissance or portray it in fiction and film. His books have won prizes from the American Historical Association, the American Catholic Historical Association, the American Library Association, and the Sixteenth Centuries Studies Conference. He received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for Italian Historical Studies in 1998, the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Renaissance Society of America in 2017, and the George E. Ganss, S.J., Award in 2018. Dr. Grendler was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1978-79 and has received many other fellowships. Dr. Grendler was president of the American Catholic Historical Association in 1984, the Renaissance Society of America from 1992 to 1994, and the Society for Italian Historical Studies from 2003 to 2005. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2002.

1574	Name:	Robert C. Grier
	Year Elected:	1848
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1575	Name:	Dr. Donald R. Griffin
	Institution:	Rockefeller University
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	210. Behavioral Biology, Psychology, Ethology, and Animal Behavior
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1915
	Death Date:	November 7, 2003

1576	Name:	Dr. Diane E. Griffin
	Institution:	Johns Hopkins University
	Year Elected:	2018
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	205. Microbiology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1940

	Diane E. Griffin MD, PhD is University Distinguished Service Professor and former Chair of the W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Vice President of the US National Academy of Sciences. She earned her BA in Biology at Augustana College in Rock Island, IL and her MD and PhD at Stanford University School of Medicine. Her research interests are in the area of pathogenesis of viral diseases with a particular focus on measles and arboviral encephalitis. These studies address issues related to virulence and the role of immune responses in protection from infection and in clearance of infection. She has more than 400 publications and has served on multiple advisory and editorial boards. She is the US Chair of the US-Japan Cooperative Medical Sciences Program and past president of the American Society for Virology and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). She is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and Association of American Physicians, as well as the National Academy of Sciences. Among other honors, she has received the Rudolf Virchow Medal from the University of Wurzburg (2010), Wallace Sterling Lifetime Alumni Achievement Award from Stanford University (2011), FASEB Excellence in Science Award (2015), Maxwell Finland Award from the NFID (2016) and MilliporeSigma Alice C. Evans Award from the ASM (2017).

1577	Name:	Robert E. Griffith
	Year Elected:	1828
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1578	Name:	Thomas W. Griffith
	Year Elected:	1838
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1579	Name:	J. P. Crozer Griffith
	Year Elected:	1907
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1856

1580	Name:	Samuel Powel Griffiths
	Year Elected:	1785
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1759

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