APS Member History

1	Name:	Dr. Ralph Edward Gomory
	Institution:	Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; NYU Stern
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1929

	Ralph E. Gomory served as President of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation from June 1989 to January 2008. He now serves as Director of Special Programs. Dr. Gomory received his B.A. from Williams College in 1950, studied at Cambridge University and received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1954. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1954 to 1957. Dr. Gomory was Higgins Lecturer and Assistant Professor at Princeton University from 1957 to 59. He joined the Research Division of IBM in 1959, was named IBM Fellow in 1964, and became Director of the Mathematical Sciences Department in 1965. He was made IBM Director of Research in 1970 a position he held until 1986, becoming IBM Vice President in 1973 and Senior Vice President in 1985. In 1986 he became IBM Senior Vice President for Science and Technology, a position which he held until 1989 when he retired from IBM. Dr. Gomory is a member of both the National Academies of Science and of Engineering. He has been awarded a number of honorary degrees and prizes including the Lanchester Prize in 1963; the John von Neumann Theory Prize in 1984; the IEEE Engineering Leadership Recognition Award in 1988; the National Medal of Science in 1988; the Arthur M. Bueche Award of the National Academy of Engineering in 1993; the Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment in 1998; the Madison Medal Award of Princeton University in 1999; and the Sheffield Fellowship Award of the Yale University Faculty of Engineering in 2000. He was named to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology in 1990 and served to March 1993. Dr. Gomory has been an American Philosophical Society member since 1985.

2	Name:	Dr. I. M. Singer
	Institution:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	1985
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	February 11, 2021

	Noted for his work with Sir Michael Atiyah on the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, I.M. Singer was Institute Professor of Mathematics Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He began his teaching career at M.I.T. in 1950 after earning a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. In addition to spending much of his career at M.I.T, he has also served on the faculties of the University of California, Los Angeles (1952-54), Columbia University (1955), the Institute for Advanced Study (1955-56) and Harvard University (1984-). In his research Dr. Singer has covered deeper analytic properties of partial differential equations on manifold turnout that depend on ideas from differential geometry. He made decisive advances in this direction and applied his understanding of geometry to the use of fiber bundles for Yang-Mills fields, sparking a convergence between theoretical physics and mathematics. Additionally, his spectacular development of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem described how the index of an elliptic differential operator on a compact manifold can be determined by topolotical variance. He has applied these ideas to Yang-Mills fields in stantors and non-abelian theories. Dr. Singer has been honored with the National Medal of Science (1983), the American Mathematical Society's Bocher Prize (1969) and the Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement (2000) and with membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. He has also served as chairman of the NAS Committee on Science and Public Policy (1976-80). He died on February 11, 2021.

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