Class
| • | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | [X] |
| | 101 | Name: | Dr. John Cocke | | | Institution: | IBM | | | Year Elected: | 1995 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 103. Engineering | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | July 16, 2002 | | | | |
| 102 | Name: | Dr. Paul J. Cohen | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 1972 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1934 | | | Death Date: | March 23, 2007 | | | | |
| 103 | Name: | Dr. Marvin L. Cohen | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 2003 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1935 | | | | | | |
Marvin Cohen created and applied a quantum theory for explaining and predicting properties of materials. His approach is used worldwide, and it is referred to as "the standard model of solids." The theoretical tools he developed and his insightful applications have formed the basis for much of our understanding of semiconductors and nanoscience. Dr. Cohen is a person of broad experience and influence. He has served as president of the American Physical Society and has taught at the University of California, Berkeley, where he is currently University Professor of Physics and Senior Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, since 1966. His many honors include the Oliver E. Buckley Prize for Solid State Physics (1979); the Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society (1994); the National Medal of Science (2002); the Forsight Institute Richard P. Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology (2003); the Technology Pioneer Award from the World Economic Forum (2007); and the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics from the Franklin Institute (2017). Dr. Cohen is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1980) and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1993) and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1997). | |
| 104 | Name: | Karl T. Compton | | | Year Elected: | 1923 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1888 | | | Death Date: | 6/22/54 | | | | |
| 105 | Name: | Arthur H. Compton | | | Year Elected: | 1925 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1893 | | | Death Date: | 5/15/62 | | | | |
| 106 | Name: | James B. Conant | | | Year Elected: | 1935 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1893 | | | Death Date: | 2/11/78 | | | | |
| 107 | Name: | Edward U. Condon | | | Year Elected: | 1949 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1902 | | | Death Date: | 3/26/74 | | | | |
| 108 | Name: | Gustavus W. Cook | | | Year Elected: | 1934 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1868 | | | Death Date: | 6/4/40 | | | | |
| 109 | Name: | William D. Coolidge | | | Year Elected: | 1938 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1873 | | | Death Date: | 2/4/75 | | | | |
| 110 | Name: | Dr. Leon N Cooper | | | Institution: | Brown University & Institute for Brain and Neural Systems | | | Year Elected: | 1973 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1930 | | | | | | |
Winner of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics, Leon Cooper is known for his role in developing the BCS theory of superconductivity and for the concept of Cooper electron pairs that bears his name. Dr. Cooper received his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1954 and taught at the Institute for Advanced Study, the University of Illinois and Ohio State University before moving to Brown University in 1958. At present he is Thomas J. Watson, Sr. Professor of Science at Brown and Director of the Institute for Brain and Neural Systems. His research at Brown focuses primarily on neural networks (architecture, learning rules, real world applications; biological basis of memory and learning; visual cortex: comparison of theory and experiment, mean field theories and foundations of the Quantum Theory). Dr. Cooper is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and a member of the Natural Academy of Sciences, among other distinctions. | |
| 111 | Name: | Arthur Clay Cope | | | Year Elected: | 1961 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1909 | | | Death Date: | 6/4/66 | | | | |
| 112 | Name: | Dr. F. Albert Cotton | | | Institution: | Texas A & M University | | | Year Elected: | 1992 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1930 | | | Death Date: | February 20, 2007 | | | | |
| 113 | Name: | Fredrick G. Cottrell | | | Year Elected: | 1938 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1877 | | | Death Date: | 11/16/48 | | | | |
| 114 | Name: | Richard Courant | | | Year Elected: | 1953 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1888 | | | Death Date: | 1/27/72 | | | | |
| 115 | Name: | Dr. Allen Verne Cox | | | Year Elected: | 1984 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 105. Physical Earth Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | Death Date: | 1/27/87 | | | | |
| 116 | Name: | Sir David Cox | | | Institution: | Nuffield College, Oxford | | | Year Elected: | 1990 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | January 18, 2022 | | | | | | |
A statistician of considerable distinction, Sir David Cox has been instrumental in the exploration and expansion of statistical methodology. The new methods and formations he has proposed include: discrimination between non-contagious families of distributions (1961); databased choice of transformations (1964); and introduction of the Cox model of survival analysis (1972). He received his Ph.D. from the University of Leeds in 1949 and has taught at the University of Cambridge (assistant lecturer, 1950-55) , Birkbeck College (reader in and professor of statistics, 1956-66) and the Imperial College of Science and Technology (professor of statistics, 1966-88, and head of the math department, 1970-74). Currently affiliated with the Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, where he is also an Honorary Fellow of Nuffield College, Sir David also served as Warden of the College from 1988-94. His academic awards include the Guy Medal in Silver and Guy Medal in Gold, both from the Royal Statistical Society; the Weldon Memorial Prize, University of Oxford; the Kettering Prize and Gold Medal for Cancer Research; the Max Planck Forschungspreise; the International Prize in Statistics (2016); and the BBVA Foundations Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Basic Sciences (2017). | |
| 117 | Name: | Dr. Bryce Crawford | | | Institution: | University of Minnesota | | | Year Elected: | 1971 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1914 | | | Death Date: | September 16, 2011 | | | | | | |
Physical chemist Bryce Crawford, Jr. was associated with the University of Minnesota since 1940. He became a professor of physical chemistry there in 1946 and also served as chairman of the department and dean of the graduate school. At the time of his death he was Regent's Professor Emeritus. Dr. Crawford achieved prominence in the field of spectroscopy. He published the first of an influential series of papers on vibrational spectral intensities in 1950, systematically developed experimental techniques in areas such as infrared intensities and also carried out a wide range of investigations on molecular force fields, or the stiffness of chemical bonds. He had contributed significantly to the theory of molecular vibrations as well. Dr. Crawford was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and held a Ph.D. from Stanford University. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1971. | |
| 118 | Name: | Henry Crew | | | Year Elected: | 1921 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1860 | | | Death Date: | 2/17/53 | | | | |
| 119 | Name: | Dr. James Watson Cronin | | | Institution: | University of Chicago | | | Year Elected: | 1999 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | Death Date: | August 25, 2016 | | | | | | |
James Watson Cronin received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. He was an assistant physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory for three years before joining the faculty at Princeton University in 1955. In 1971 he became a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Chicago, where he remained for the rest of his career. In 1980, James Cronin and Val Fitch were awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering a violation of the laws of symmetry in connection with the K-mesons produced at the Brookhaven proton accelerator. Dr. Cronin led the most ambitious international project for detecting the highest energy cosmic rays. The Pierre Auger Project called for the construction of a pair of 3,000 sq. km. arrays, one in Utah, the other on the high desert of Argentina. Comprised of 3,200 large Cerenkov detectors, the array will be capable of sensing cosmic rays in an entirely new and exciting energy regime. Dr. Cronin was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999. | |
| 120 | Name: | Dr. Paul J. Crutzen | | | Institution: | Max Planck Institute for Chemistry | | | Year Elected: | 2007 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1933 | | | Death Date: | January 28, 2021 | | | | | | |
Paul Crutzen was a professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Center for Atmospheric Sciences from 1992 to 2008. He was also Professor Emeritus at the Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Utrecht University, and the former director of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry. He has made substantial and fundamental contributions to our understanding of the formation and decomposition of ozone - processes that are also affected by our emissions of different kinds of gas. In particular, he has shown the importance of nitrogen oxides for the ozone balance. Crutzen has also made contributions to the understanding of how the reactions that decompose ozone are considerably reinforced by cloud particles in the stratosphere. That the dilution of the ozone layer is strongest just above the poles of the earth - in particular over Antarctica - is due to this effect. The extremely low temperatures lead to the creation of a very large amount of cloud particles. Research on the chemical mechanisms in the ozone layer has shown signs of the negative impact of humans. There are now far-reaching international agreements on the prohibition of emission of freons and other gases destroying ozone in the so-called Montreal Protocol. Crutzen has also studied how ozone is created in the lower stratum of the atmosphere, the troposphere, where the amount of ozone has increased in the last century due to car exhausts and other emissions. Besides contributing to the greenhouse effect, ozone close to the ground also causes damage to crops and human health. Paul Crutzen shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland. His most recent interests are in the following areas: global modeling of atmospheric chemical processes (2-D, 3-D) for troposphere, stratosphere and lower mesosphere; interactions of atmospheric chemistry with climate; studies of the potential role of halogen photochemistry with ozone in the marine boundary layer; and tropospheric chemistry, including the role of biomass burning in the tropics and subtropics. More recently Crutzen has involved himself with studies of geo-engineering to reduce the heating of Earth's climate by carbon dioxide emissions. He also published a paper showing that the production of biofuels (e.g. ethanol from maize and biodiesel from rapeseed) to replace fossil fuels may not cool climate. Crutzen also proposed that over the past 200 years human activities have grown so much that the introduction of a new geologic epoch, the Anthropocene, is justified. He died on January 28, 2021. | |
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