| | 41 | Name: | Dr. Cathleen S. Morawetz | | | Institution: | New York University & New York Mayor's Commission on Science & Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1996 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1923 | | | Death Date: | August 8, 2017 | | | | | | |
Mathematician Cathleen Synge Morawetz was born in Toronto, Canada in 1923. She graduated from the University of Toronto in 1945 and received her master's degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She then earned her Ph.D. at New York University with a thesis on the stability of a spherical implosion. She became an assistant professor at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at NYU in 1957 and remained at NYU throughout her career, serving as the Institute's director from 1984-88. Dr. Morawetz is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a former president of the American Mathematical Society and the recipient of the 1998 National Medal of Science. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1996. Her research focused mainly on the study of the partial differential equations governing fluid flow, particularly those of mixed type occurring in transonic flow. She died August 8, 2017 at the age of 94 at home in Manhattan. | |
| 42 | Name: | Dr. Frederick Mosteller | | | Institution: | Harvard University & American Academy of Arts & Sciences | | | Year Elected: | 1961 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1916 | | | Death Date: | July 23, 2006 | | | | |
| 43 | Name: | Dr. David Mumford | | | Institution: | Brown University | | | Year Elected: | 1997 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1937 | | | | | | |
David Mumford is a mathematician known both for his distinguished work in algebraic geometry and for his research into vision and pattern theory. Currently a professor emeritus in the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University, he previously had a long academic career at Harvard University, where he became a full professor of mathematics at Harvard University at the age of 30. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1961. Dr. Mumford's work in geometry always combined the traditional geometric insights with the latest algebraic techniques. He published on moduli spaces, with a theory summed up in his book Geometric Invariant Theory, on the equations defining an abelian variety, and on algebraic surfaces. He essentially founded the subject of the global moduli of algebraic curves, and in 1974, he was awarded the highest distinction in mathematics, the Fields Medal. During the 1980s Dr. Mumford left algebraic geometry in order to study brain structure. He was a MacArthur Fellow from 1987-92, won the Shaw Prize in 2006, and was awarded the 2010 National Medal of Science. His current area of work is pattern theory. | |
| 44 | Name: | Dr. John F. Nash | | | Institution: | Princeton University | | | Year Elected: | 2006 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1928 | | | Death Date: | May 23, 2015 | | | | | | |
John Nash introduced what is now called "Nash equilibrium" in non-cooperative games and proved that such an equilibrium always exists. This work is foundational for Game Theory and led to his Nobel Prize in Economics. No less impressive is his work in pure mathematics, where his very deep and difficult theorems on embedding of manifolds initiated a whole new field of research. Tragically disabled by schizophrenia for over 30 years, he provided inspiration for many fellow sufferers by completely recovering, as told in the book and motion picture A Beautiful Mind. He then resumed his research in mathematics, having served as a researcher at Princeton University from 1994 to his death in 2015. In addition to the Nobel Prize, among Dr. Nash's many honors are the John Von Neumann Theory Prize of the Institute for Operations Research and Management Science (1978), the American Mathematical Society's Steele Prize (1999), and Norway's Abel Prize (2015). A graduate of Princeton University (Ph.D., 1950), he is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1995) and the National Academy of Sciences (1996). He died May 23, 2015, at the age of 86 in New Jersey. | |
| 45 | Name: | Dr. Louis Nirenberg | | | Institution: | New York University | | | Year Elected: | 1987 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1925 | | | Death Date: | January 26, 2020 | | | | | | |
A leading mathematician with broad cultural interests, Canadian-born Louis Nirenberg has made seminal contributions to the study of linear and non-linear partial differential equations and their applications. He discovered interactions between mathematical analysis, differential geometry and "complex analysis" and made deep applications to the theory of fluid flow and other physical phenomena. Winner of the first Crafoord Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy (1982), Dr. Nirenberg is currently professor of mathematics emeritus at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. He began his career at NYU in 1949 after receiving his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the university. From 1970-72 he served as director of the Courant Institute. Dr. Nirenberg's numerous honors include the 1995 National Medal of Science, the American Mathematical Society's Bocher Prize (1959), Guggenheim and Sloan Fellowships and membership in the National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts & Sciences. In 2010, he was awarded the Chern Medal from the International Congress of Mathematicians and in 2014 he received the Leroy P. Steele Prize for Seminal Contribution to Research with Robert Kohn and Luis Caffarelli. He was awarded the 2015 Abel Prize. | |
| 46 | Name: | Sir Roger Penrose | | | Institution: | University of Oxford | | | Year Elected: | 2011 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | | | | |
Roger Penrose has been producing original and important scientific ideas for half a century, having earned his Ph.D. from St. Johns College, Cambridge in 1957. His work is characterized by exceptional geometrical and physical insight. He applied new mathematical techniques to Einstein’s general relativity and led the renaissance in gravitation theory in the 1960s. His novel ideas on space and time and his concept of "twistors" are increasingly influential. This remarkable mathematical theory combining algebraic and geometrical methods has been one of his major breakthroughs. Even his recreations have had intellectual impact: for instance, his studies of the "impossible figures" in Escher’s artwork, and the never-repeating patterns of "Penrose tiling." He has influenced and stimulated a wide public through his lectures and his best-selling and wide-ranging books, including: Techniques of Differential Topology in Relativity, 1972; (with W. Rindler) Spinors and Space-Time, Vol. 1, 1984, Vol. 2, 1986; The Emperor’s New Mind, 1989; Shadows of the Mind, 1996; Collected Works (six volumes), 2010. He has won a number of awards, including the W. H. Heinemann Prize (1971), the Science Book Prize (1990), Order of Merit (1994), the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, De Morgan Medal of the London Mathematical Society (2004) and the Copley Medal of the Royal Society (2008), and belongs to a number of academic societies, including the Royal Society, the Royal Irish Academy, the Polish Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Sciences (1998). Roger Penrose won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2011. | |
| 47 | Name: | Prof. Andrew M. Gleason | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1977 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1921 | | | Death Date: | October 17, 2008 | | | | | | |
Mathematician Andrew Gleason is well known for his major part in the solution of "Hilbert's Fifth Problem," which concerns the characterization of lie groups. Following his undergraduate career at Yale University, he was appointed a Junior Fellow at Harvard University in 1946. He received an honorary M.A. from Harvard in 1953 and, after serving as assistant professor to professor of mathematics from 1950-69, he was named Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Andrew Gleason retired from the Harvard faculty in 1992. | |
| 48 | Name: | Dr. Michael O. Rabin | | | Institution: | Hebrew University & Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1988 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1931 | | | | | | |
Michael Rabin earned his M.Sc. from the Hebrew University and his Ph.D. from Princeton University, where he received his first academic appointment. Later he served as a visiting member of the Institute for Advanced Study and as a member of the faculty at the Hebrew University, serving as its Rector (Academic Head) from 1972-75. He was also Saville Fellow at Merton College, Oxford, and Steward Fellow at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. From 1982-94 he served on the IBM Science Advisory Committee. Dr. Rabin's research interests include complexity of computations, efficient algorithms, randomized algorithms, DNA to DNA Computing, parallel and distributed computation and computer security. Among his inventions are (with Y. Aumann and Y.Z. Ding) Hyper-Encryption, the first ever encryption scheme probably providing everlasting secrecy against a computationally unbounded adversary; (with S.Micali and J. Kilian) Zero Knowledge Sets, a new primitive for privacy and security protocols; and (with W. Yang and H. Rao) a micro chip for physical generation of a strong stream of truly random bits. Dr. Rubin's accomplishments have been recognized with awards including the ACM Turing Award in Computer Science, the ACM Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award, the Rothschild Prize in Mathematics, the Weizmann Prize in Exact Sciences, the IEEE Charles Babbage Award and the Harvey Prize for Science and Technology. He is a member or foreign honorary member to academies including the National Academy of Sciences, the French Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Since 1980 he has been Albert Einstein Professor of Mathematics at Hebrew University and since 1983 has served as Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University. | |
| 49 | Name: | Dr. Peter Sarnak | | | Institution: | Princeton University; Institute for Advanced Study | | | Year Elected: | 2008 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1953 | | | | | | |
Peter Sarnak is Eugene Higgins Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University and a Professor of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study. He received his Ph.D from Stanford University in 1980 and worked at Stanford and at New York University's Courant Institute prior to his appointment at Princeton. He chaired Princeton's Department of Mathematics from 1996-99 and has received numerous honors for his work, including the Polya Prize (1998), the Ostrowski Prize (2001); the Cole Prize (2005); and the Wolf Prize (2014). Sarnak's work has had an impact on areas ranging from computer science (through his 1988 construction of expander graphs which continues to have an impact) to mathematical physics (where he showed that the chaotic properties of waves on a surface depend on the arithmetic properties of the surface). His use of techniques from one area to address problems in another area has led to the solution of problems that were previously viewed as out of reach. His areas of specialty are analysis and number theory. He is the main pioneer of the powerful idea that number theory (the study of whole numbers, which is apparently a deterministic subject) is governed by the ideas of randomness, such as random matrices and quantum chaos. A very social mathematician, he has served as an advisor for many mathematical departments and institutes, worked with many postdoctoral fellows, and supervised 36 Ph.D. theses. Peter Sarnak is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1991); the National Academy of Sciences (2002); and the Royal Society (2002). He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2008. | |
| 50 | Name: | Dr. Jean-Pierre Serre | | | Institution: | Collège de France | | | Year Elected: | 1998 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1926 | | | | | | |
Jean-Pierre Serre is one of the leading mathematicians of the twentieth century, active in algebraic geometry, number theory and topology. He has received numerous awards and honors for his mathematical research and exposition, including the Fields Medal in 1954. Born in Bages, France, Dr. Serre was educated at the Lycée de Nîmes and then from 1945-48 at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. He was awarded his doctorate from the Sorbonne in 1951. From 1948-54 he held positions at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris. He is now a professor at the Collège de France (1956) and a leading member of "Bourbaki," the well-known group of French mathematicians. | |
| 51 | Name: | Dr. I. M. Singer | | | Institution: | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1985 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1924 | | | Death Date: | February 11, 2021 | | | | | | |
Noted for his work with Sir Michael Atiyah on the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, I.M. Singer was Institute Professor of Mathematics Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He began his teaching career at M.I.T. in 1950 after earning a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. In addition to spending much of his career at M.I.T, he has also served on the faculties of the University of California, Los Angeles (1952-54), Columbia University (1955), the Institute for Advanced Study (1955-56) and Harvard University (1984-). In his research Dr. Singer has covered deeper analytic properties of partial differential equations on manifold turnout that depend on ideas from differential geometry. He made decisive advances in this direction and applied his understanding of geometry to the use of fiber bundles for Yang-Mills fields, sparking a convergence between theoretical physics and mathematics. Additionally, his spectacular development of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem described how the index of an elliptic differential operator on a compact manifold can be determined by topolotical variance. He has applied these ideas to Yang-Mills fields in stantors and non-abelian theories. Dr. Singer has been honored with the National Medal of Science (1983), the American Mathematical Society's Bocher Prize (1969) and the Steele Prize for Lifetime Achievement (2000) and with membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. He has also served as chairman of the NAS Committee on Science and Public Policy (1976-80). He died on February 11, 2021. | |
| 52 | Name: | Dr. Shlomo Sternberg | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 2010 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | Death Date: | 8/23/2024 | | | | | | |
Shlomo Sternberg is one of the foremost differential geometers of his generation and a mathematician who has shaped the subject with his extensive breadth and many scholarly contributions. His papers extend across many subjects, including Lie groups (finite and infinite dimensional), symplectic geometry and mechanics, quantum groups, scattering theory, conformal field theory - the list is long and inclusive of many subjects. He has written several books with V. Guillemin which are foundational references for research mathematicians in several fields, including Geometric Asymptotics (1977), Variations on a Theme by Kepler, (1990), and Symplectic Techniques in Physics (1990), as well as several of the basic graduate texts for students of mathematics and physics. He currently serves as George Putnam Professor of Pure and Applied Mathematics at Harvard University, having joined the Harvard faculty in 1959. He received his Ph.D. in 1956 from Johns Hopkins University. In 1980 he was made a permanent Fellow of the Mortimer and Raymond Sackler Institute of Advanced Studies at Tel Aviv University. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences and was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 2010. | |
| 53 | Name: | Dr. Marshall Stone | | | Institution: | University of Chicago & University of Massachusetts | | | Year Elected: | 1943 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1903 | | | Death Date: | 1/9/89 | | | | |
| 54 | Name: | Dr. Terence Tao | | | Institution: | University of California, Los Angeles | | | Year Elected: | 2012 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1975 | | | | | | |
Terence Tao was born in Adelaide, Australia in 1975. He has been a professor of mathematics at UCLA since 1999, having completed his PhD under Elias Stein at Princeton in 1996. Tao's areas of research include harmonic analysis, PDE, combinatorics, and number theory. He has received a number of awards, including the Salem Prize in 2000, the Bochner Prize in 2002, the Fields Medal and SASTRA Ramanujan Prize in 2006, the MacArthur Fellowship and Ostrowski Prize in 2007, and the Waterman Award in 2008. Terence Tao also currently holds the James and Carol Collins chair in mathematics at UCLA, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society, the Australian Academy of Sciences (Corresponding Member), the National Academy of Sciences (Foreign member), and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was named a Simons Investigator in 2012 by the Simons Foundation and was awarded the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics that same year. In 2014 he was awarded the Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics, established by Yuri Milner, along with four others. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2012. | |
| 55 | Name: | Dr. Eva Tardos | | | Institution: | Cornell University | | | Year Elected: | 2020 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1957 | | | | | | |
Éva Tardos is a Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Computer Science and Associate Dean for Diversity & Inclusion for Computing and Information Sciences at Cornell University. She was department chair 2006-2010. She received her BA and PhD from Eötvös University in Budapest. She joined the faculty at Cornell in 1989. Tardos’s research interest is algorithms and interface of algorithms and incentives. She is most known for her work on network-flow algorithms and quantifying the efficiency of selfish routing. She is the recipient of a number of fellowships and awards including the Packard Fellowship, the Gödel Prize, Dantzig Prize, Fulkerson Prize, ETACS prize, and the IEEE von Neumann Medal. She is editor editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the ACM, has been editor-in-Chief of SIAM Journal of Computing, and editor of several other journals, and was program committee member and chair for several ACM and IEEE conferences in her area. She has been elected to the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, is an external member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2020. | |
| 56 | Name: | Dr. Richard L. Taylor | | | Institution: | Stanford University | | | Year Elected: | 2018 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1962 | | | | | | |
Richard Taylor is an algebraic number theorist, working primarily on the relationship between automorphic forms and Galois representations, sometimes called the `Langlands program'. He helped Andrew Wiles complete his proof of Fermat's Last Theorem; with Michael Harris he proved the local Langlands conjecture for GL(n); with various collaborators he proved the Sato-Tate conjecture and the potential automorphy of all regular, self-dual motives; and he helped construct Galois representations for all regular algebraic cuspidal automorphic representations on GL(n) over a CM field. Born in England he graduated from Cambridge University before earning a PhD from Princeton University under the guidance of Andrew Wiles. He has held posts at Cambridge, Oxford and Harvard Universities. He is a member of the Royal Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the National Academy of Sciences. He has won various prizes including the Breakthrough Prize, the Shaw Prize, a Clay Research Award, the Dannie Heinemann Prize, the Cole Prize, the Fermat Prize and the Ostrowski Prize. | |
| 57 | Name: | Dr. John W. Tukey | | | Institution: | Princeton University & AT&T Bell Laboratories | | | Year Elected: | 1962 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1915 | | | Death Date: | July 26, 2000 | | | | |
| 58 | Name: | Dr. Karen K. Uhlenbeck | | | Institution: | University of Texas, Austin | | | Year Elected: | 2007 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1942 | | | | | | |
Many objects in mathematics and physics are described by nonlinear partial differential equations. The solutions to these equations often undergo a qualitative change, sometimes called ""bubbling off"" or ""blowing up"". Before Karen Uhlenbeck, no one knew how to treat this phenomenon rigorously. Then, in a series of papers, some of which were joint with Sacks, Uhlenbeck discovered how to predict these qualitative changes from the partial differential equation. In the intervening 25 years, Uhlenbeck's work has had a very large impact in mathematics and mathematical physics. The second woman ever (after Emmy Noether in 1932) to give a plenary address at the International Congress of Mathematicians, Uhlenbeck has done many things to further the education of women in mathematics, including the creation of the Program for Women and Mathematics run by the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University. In 2019 she became the first woman awarded the Abel Prize for Mathematics by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Karen Uhlenbeck has been Professor and Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents Chair in Mathematics at the University of Texas, Austin, where she has taught since 1987. Since 2014 she has been Visitor at the Institute for Advanced Studies. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2007. | |
| 59 | Name: | Dr. Ivan M. Vinogradov | | | Year Elected: | 1942 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | International | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1891 | | | Death Date: | 3/20/83 | | | | |
| 60 | Name: | Dr. Hassler Whitney | | | Institution: | Institute for Advanced Study | | | Year Elected: | 1947 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1907 | | | Death Date: | 5/10/89 | | | | |
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