APS Member History

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861	Name:	Mr. Walter Cronkite
	Institution:	CBS News
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1916
	Death Date:	July 17, 2009

	In a career spanning more than 60 years, Walter Cronkite has been perhaps the best known and most highly respected television news anchor in broadcast journalism. He earned that recognition in a career in which he covered virutally every major news event of his time and complied special reports on vital topics, including the Vietnam War, Watergate, the Middle East, the environment and the United States space program. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for reporting and commenting on events "with a skill and insight which stands out in the news world, in a way which has made the news of the world stand out for us." He has received numerous broadcasting awards, including the Peabody and several Emmy Awards, and Harvard, Michigan and Duke Universities are among the many institutions that have recognized him with honorary doctorates. In 1966, Time magazine described Mr. Cronkite as "the single most convincing and authoritative figure in the television news," and he was the only journalist voted among the top 10 "most influential decision makers in America" in leadership surveys conducted by U.S. News and World Report from 1975 through 1978 and again in 1980. He became a special correspondent for CBS News in 1981 when he stepped down after 19 years as anchorman and managing editor of the CBS Evening News. Affectionately nicknamed "Old Iron Pants" for his unflappability under pressure, Mr. Cronkite is a man of extraordinary breadth who has shared useful knowledge with millions while promoting an understanding of important aspects of life.

862	Name:	Dr. William J. Cronon
	Institution:	University of Wisconsin--Madison
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1954

	William Cronon studies American environmental history and the history of the American West. His research seeks to understand the history of human interactions with the natural world: how we depend on the ecosystems around us to sustain our material lives, how we modify the landscapes in which we live and work, and how our ideas of nature shape our relationships with the world around us. His first book, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (1983), was a study of how the New England landscape changed as control of the region shifted from Indians to European colonists. In 1984, the work was awarded the Francis Parkman Prize of the Society of American Historians. In 1991, Cronon completed a book entitled Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West, which examines Chicago's relationship to its rural hinterland during the second half of the nineteenth century. In 1991, Dr. Cronon was awarded the Chicago Tribune's Heartland Prize for the best literary work of non-fiction published during the preceding year; in 1992, it won the Bancroft Prize for the best work of American history published during the previous year, and was also one of three nominees for the Pulitzer Prize in History; and in 1993, it received the George Perkins Marsh Prize from the American Society for Environmental History and the Charles A. Weyerhaeuser Award from the Forest History Society for the best book of environmental and conservation history published during the preceding two years. In 1992, he co-edited Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, a collection of essays on the prospects of western and frontier history in American historiography. In 1995 he edited an influential collection of essays entitled Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature, examining the implication of different cultural ideas of nature for modern environmental problems. He is currently at work on a history of Portage, Wisconsin, that will explore how people's sense of place is shaped by the stories they tell about their homes, their lives, and the landscapes they inhabit. He is also completing a book entitled Saving Nature in Time: The Past and the Future of Environmentalism (based on the Wiles Lectures which he delivered at Queens University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in May 2001) on the evolving relationship between environmental history and environmentalism, and what the two might learn from each other. In July 1992, Dr. Cronon became the Frederick Jackson Turner Professor of History, Geography, and Environmental Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison after having served for more than a decade as a member of the Yale University History Department. In 2003, he was also named Vilas Research Professor at UW-Madison, the university's most distinguished chaired professorship. He has been President of the American Society for Environmental History and serves as general editor of the Weyerhaeuser Environmental Books Series for the University of Washington Press. During the spring of 1994, he organized and chaired a faculty research seminar on "Reinventing Nature" at the University of California's Humanities Research Institute in Irvine, California. In 1996, he became Director of the Honors Program for the College of Letters and Science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, a post he held until 1998, and from 1997-2000 he served as the founding Faculty Director of the new Chadbourne Residential College at UW-Madison. He has served on the Governing Council of the Wilderness Society since 1995, and on the National Board of the Trust for Public Land since 2003. Cronon has been elected president of the American Historical Association for the year 2012. Born September 11, 1954, in New Haven, Connecticut, Dr. Cronon received his B.A. (1976) from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He holds M.A. (1979), M.Phil. (1980), and Ph.D. (1990) degrees from Yale and a D.Phil. (1981) from Oxford University. Dr. Cronon has been a Rhodes Scholar, Danforth Fellow, Guggenheim Fellow, and MacArthur Fellow; has won prizes for his teaching at both Yale and Wisconsin; and in 1999 was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society.

863	Name:	Dr. Elizabeth Cropper
	Institution:	National Gallery of Art
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1944

	Elizabeth Cropper received her B.A. with honors from Cambridge University, England, and her Ph.D. from Bryn Mawr College. Before joining The Johns Hopkins University as professor in 1985, she was a professor at Temple University's Tyler School of Art. In 2000 she succeeded Henry Millon as Dean of the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts at the National Gallery of Art, one of the world's leading centers for advanced research in the history of art. In 2019 it was announced that she would retire from her role as dean in 2020. In addition to professorships at Cambridge University and CASVA, her visiting appointments include tenures as directeur d'Etudes Associé at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Science Sociales, Paris (1990-1991 and 1997); as Samuel H. Kress Fellow, CASVA, National Gallery of Art (1984-1985); and as professor at the Collège de France in 1996. Among Dr. Cropper's postdoctoral research awards are positions as visiting scholar and fellow at the Harvard Center for Renaissance Studies, Villa I Tatti, Florence; Andrew W. Mellon Professor at CASVA; and visiting member, School of Historical Studies, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. Her publications include Pontormo: Portrait of a Halberdier (1997), Nicolas Poussin: Friendship and the Love of Painting, with Charles Dempsey (1996); and The Domenichino Affair (2005).

864	Name:	Sumner McKnight Crosby
	Year Elected:	1977
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1909
	Death Date:	11/16/82

865	Name:	Dr. Alfred W. Crosby
	Institution:	University of Texas at Austin
	Year Elected:	2000
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	March 14, 2018

	Alfred W. Crosby received his Ph.D. from Boston University in 1961. He served as professor of history at Washington State University for eleven years before joining the University of Texas, Austin in 1977 as Professor of American Studies. He was a National Institutes of Health fellow, 1971-73, and a Guggenheim fellow, 1987-88. Alfred Crosby pioneered investigation of the biological side of European expansion, transforming older ideas of how and why European settlers thrived overseas in temperate climes. By analyzing the "cloud of organisms" which accompanied the Europeans - disease germs, pests, weeds, domesticated animals and plants - all accustomed to living in company with one another, Dr. Crosby made clear for the first time the crushing force of what he calls "ecological imperialism." This is a great advance in the understanding of our past. His last book is about time and its measurement in late medieval and early modern Europe, so he is a general historian as well as an expert in biological and epidemiological history. His books include: America, Russia, Hemp and Napoleon: American Trade with Russia and the Baltic, 1783-1812 (1965); The Columbia Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (1972); Epidemic and Peace, 1918 (1976); Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (1986); The Columbian Voyages, the Columbian Exchange and Their Historians (1987); Germs, Seeds and Animals (1994); The Measure of Reality: Quantification and Western Society, 1250-1600 (1997) (French, 2001); and Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology through History (2002). He was also the co-editor of Studies in Environment and History. Dr. Crosby was presented the Medical Writer's Association Award in 1976, the Ralph Waldo Emerson Prize in 1988, and the Distinguished Scholar Award from the American Society for Environmental History in 2001. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2000. Alfred W. Crosby died March 14, 2018, at age 87 in Nantucket, Massachusetts.

866	Name:	Whitman Cross
	Year Elected:	1915
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1855
	Death Date:	4/20/49

867	Name:	Wilbur L. Cross
	Year Elected:	1934
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1855
	Death Date:	10/5/48

868	Name:	Dr. Frank Moore Cross
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1971
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1921
	Death Date:	October 16, 2012

	A leading expert on the Dead Sea Scrolls, philologist Frank Moore Cross, Jr. has been affiliated with Harvard University for nearly fifty years. After earning a Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1950, he joined the Harvard faculty in 1954; four years later he became curator of the Semitic Museum and Hancock Professor of Hebrew and Other Oriental Languages (presently Emeritus) at Harvard. An extraordinarily gifted scholar, he is the author of many first-class papers in learned and popular journals. His many books include The Ancient Library of Qumran and Modern Biblical Studies, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic, and, as editor, the Hermeneia series of Old Testament commentaries and Qumran and the History of Biblical Text. In addition, he is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and has received several honorary degrees and prizes, including the William Foxwell Albright Award in Biblical Scholarship, the Israel Museum's Percia Schimmel Prize in Archaeology, and the Medalla de Honor of the University of Madrid.

869	Name:	Mr. Theodore L. Cross
	Institution:	CHII Publishers, Inc.
	Year Elected:	1995
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1924
	Death Date:	February 28, 2010

	Theodore Lamont Cross was editor-in-chief of Bankers Magazine for over 30 years, and he edited Business and Society Review for over 20 years. He earned a law degree in 1950 from Harvard University, where he was editor of the Harvard Law Review. Following that, he served as a consultant to HEW (Federal Office of Economic Opportunity); as director of the Legal Defense Fund and the NAACP; and as public governor of the American Stock Exchange. In 1959 he founded the Atomic Energy Law Journal and in 1993 founded the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, of which he remains editor and publisher. Mr. Cross has also served as chairman of Faulkner & Gray Publications and is the author of numerous books, including Black Capitalism: Strategy for Business in the Ghetto (1969), which won the McKinsey Foundation Book Award, and Waterbirds (2009). He has lectured on inner city economics and minority economic development at Harvard and Cornell Universities and at the University of Virginia. Throughout his life Mr. Cross has combined effective public service with an impressive blend of legal, publishing and business skills.

870	Name:	Dr. James F. Crow
	Institution:	University of Wisconsin
	Year Elected:	1966
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	207. Genetics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1916
	Death Date:	January 4, 2012

	James F. Crow served as a professor of genetics and zoology at the University of Wisconsin since 1954. An outstanding authority in the field of population genetics, human genetics and the genetic effects of radiation, he was the author of numerous articles in scientific journals. He successfully introduced mathematical models in the study of human heredity while also using his training in Drosophilia genetics in the study of the effects of lethal genes and other factors on the genetic makeup of populations. His theoretical contributions span the field, from his concept of genetic load to his work on random sampling genes in small populations. Dr. Crow also introduced the use of similarity of surnames to estimate the degree of inbreeding in human populations and as a way of determining the mutational component of human genetic diseases. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine, Dr. Crow has also served as associate editor and column editor of Genetics. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1966. James Crowe died on January 3, 2012, at the age of 95 in Madison, Wisconsin.

871	Name:	Dr. Michael M. Crow
	Institution:	Arizona State University
	Year Elected:	2024
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1955

	Michael M. Crow is an educator, knowledge enterprise architect, science and technology policy scholar and higher education leader. He became the sixteenth president of Arizona State University in July 2002 and has spearheaded ASU’s rapid and groundbreaking transformative evolution into one of the world’s best public metropolitan research universities. As a model "New American University," ASU simultaneously demonstrates comprehensive excellence, inclusivity representative of the ethnic and socioeconomic spectrum of the United States, and consequential societal impact. Lauded as the "#1 most innovative" school in the nation by U.S. News & World Report for nine straight years, ASU is a student-centric, technology-enabled university focused on global challenges. Under Crow’s leadership, ASU has established more than twenty-five new transdisciplinary schools, including the School of Earth and Space Exploration, the School for the Future of Innovation in Society and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change, and launched trailblazing multidisciplinary initiatives including the Biodesign Institute, the Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, and important initiatives in the humanities and social sciences.

872	Name:	Edward P. Crowell
	Year Elected:	1898
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1830
	Death Date:	3/25/11

873	Name:	R. Stewart Culin
	Year Elected:	1897
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1858
	Death Date:	4/8/29

874	Name:	Dr. Jonathan Culler
	Institution:	Cornell University
	Year Elected:	2006
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402b
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1944

	Jonathan Culler is Class of 1916 Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Cornell University. He received his D. Phil. from St. John's College, Oxford University in 1972 and served on the faculties of Cambridge and Oxford Universities prior to joining the Cornell University faculty in 1977. Dr. Culler also directed Cornell's Society for Humanities for ten years and served as senior associate dean of the College of Arts and Sciences from 2000-03. An expert on French literature, Jonathan Culler is the author of the classic Flaubert study The Uses of Uncertainty (1974). His most visible contribution, however, has been the interpretation to the English-speaking world of the French critical tradition of structuralism from de Saussure to Derrida. Where others have lost themselves, and their readers, in a thicket of obfuscations and misunderstood concepts, Dr. Culler has maintained an exemplary clarity. His writing has the limpid elegance of a Mozart piano sonata. He has probably done more than anyone else in the United States to keep comparative literature and literary criticism both accessible to new ideas and readable to wider audiences. Jonathan Culler lives and works in France, England, and the United States. His other published works include Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics, and the Study of Literature (1975); Ferdinand de Saussure (1976); The Pursuit of Signs: Semiotics, Literature, Deconstruction; (1981); On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism (1982); Roland Barthes (1983); Framing the Sign: Criticism and Its Institutions (1988); Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction (1997); and The Literary in Theory (2007). Cornell University Press issued the 25th anniversary edition of On Deconstruction in 2008. Dr. Culler is the recipient of a Rhodes Scholarship (1966-69) and the James Russell Lowell Prize of the Modern Language Association of America (1975). He was appointed as a member of the board of directors of the New York State Council for the Humanities in 2007. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2001, the American Philosophical Society in 2006, and the British Academy in 2020.

875	Name:	William Currie
	Year Elected:	1792
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1755
	Death Date:	-/-/1829

876	Name:	Dr. Merle Curti
	Institution:	University of Wisconsin
	Year Elected:	1948
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1897
	Death Date:	3/9/96

877	Name:	Dr. Philip Curtin
	Institution:	Johns Hopkins University
	Year Elected:	1995
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1922
	Death Date:	June 4, 2009

	Philip Curtin was born in 1922 in West Virginia. He earned a history degree from Swarthmore College in 1948 and a doctorate from Harvard University in 1953. Following a brief tenure as an assistant professor at Swarthmore, Dr. Curtin joined the faculty of the University of Wisconsin in 1956, and over his 20 years there helped to establish African history as a field of academic inquiry. He has conducted extensive research on the Atlantic slave trade between 1600 and 1800, and his book The Atlantic Slave Trade (1969) became the starting point for all future research on the slave trade and comparative slavery. His innovative research significantly revised past understanding of the subject and delved for the first time into such areas as the health problems associated with the slave trade. Dr. Curtin's work eschews traditional ethnocentric perspectives in favor of the tools and techniques of economics, anthropology and history. The recipient of MacArthur and Fulbright Fellowships, Dr. Curtin was most recently professor of history at Johns Hopkins University from 1975 through his retirement in 1998.

878	Name:	George W. Curtis
	Year Elected:	1892
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1824
	Death Date:	8/31/1892

879	Name:	Herber D. Curtis
	Year Elected:	1920
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1873
	Death Date:	1/8/42

880	Name:	Cyrus H.K. Curtis
	Year Elected:	1930
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1850
	Death Date:	6/7/33

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