APS Member History

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461	Name:	Dr. Robert J. Braidwood
	Institution:	University of Chicago
	Year Elected:	1966
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	January 15, 2003

462	Name:	John C. Branner
	Year Elected:	1886
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1850
	Death Date:	3/1/22

463	Name:	Dr. Lewis M. Branscomb
	Institution:	JFK School of Government, Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1970
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1926
	Death Date:	May 31, 2023

	Lewis M. Branscomb is Professor Emeritus of Public Policy and Corporate Management, Emeritus Director of the Science, Technology and Public Policy Program and a member of the Board of Directors of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. At present, he is also Adjunct Professor at the University of California, San Diego's School of International Relations and Pacific Studies and Distinguished Research Fellow, Institute for Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California. His AB in physics is from Duke University in 1945, summa cum laude, and his Ph.D. degree in physics from Harvard University in 1950, after which he was Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows. A research physicist at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology) from 1951-69, he was Director of NBS from 1969-72. He is an elected member of the National Academy of Science, National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine. In 1972 Dr. Branscomb was named vice president and chief scientist of IBM and a member of the Corporate Management Board, serving until his retirement in 1986. He also served as chairman of the National Science Board from 1980-84. Dr. Branscomb is a former director of Mobil Corp. and General Foods Corp. and serves on the Board of Lord Corporation. He is an emeritus trustee of Vanderbilt University, member of the C.S. Draper Laboratory Corporation, and emeritus Trustee of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He is a former Overseer of Harvard University. He has served five presidents in various advisory and executive positions. Dr. Branscomb's awards include the National Science Board's Vannevar Bush Award (2001); the Rockefeller Public Service Award (1957-58); the Gold Medal for Exceptional Service from the U.S. Department of Commerce (1961); the Arthur Bueche Prize of the National Academy of Engineering (1987); and the Okawa Prize in Communications and Informatics (1999). He pioneered the spectroscopy of atomic and molecular negative ions and studied their role in stellar atmospheres and chemical aeronomy. His current research is on early-stage high-tech innovation, innovation policy in China, business development in the field of information technology, the role of science and technology in countering terrorism, and a new policy paradigm for federal support of basic research. His recent books include (with Philip Auerswald, Todd LaPorte and Erwann Michel-Kerjan) Seeds of Disaster, Roots of Response (2006); (with Richard Klausner) Making the Nation Safer: S&T for Countering Terrorism (2002); (with Philip E. Auerswald) "Between Invention and Innovation: An Analysis of the Funding for Early Stage Technology Development" (2003); (with Philip Auerswald, Nicholas Demos and Brian K. Min) "Understanding Private-Sector Decision Making for Early-Stage Technology Development" (2003); (with Philip Auerswald) "Start-Ups and Spin-offs: Collective Entrepreneurship Between Invention and Innovation," in The Emergence of Entrepreneurship Policy: Governance, Start-Ups, and Growth in the Knowledge Economy (2003); (with Philip Auerswald) Taking Technical Risks: How Innovators, Managers and Investors Manage Risk in High Tech Innovation (2001); (with Fumio Kodama and Richard Florida) "Industrializing Knowledge: University-Industry Linkages in Japan and the United States (1999); and (with James Keller) Investing in Innovation: Creating a Research and Innovation Policy that Works (1998).

464	Name:	John A. Brashear
	Year Elected:	1902
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	4/8/20

465	Name:	Richard D. Brauer
	Year Elected:	1974
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1901
	Death Date:	4/21/77

466	Name:	Dr. John I. Brauman
	Institution:	Stanford University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1937
	Death Date:	08/23/2024

	John I. Brauman earned a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1963 and joined the faculty at Stanford University later that year. He was named J. G. Jackson-C. J. Wood Professor of Chemistry in 1972, and since 1999 he has also served as Cognizant Dean for Natural Sciences at Stanford. Dr. Brauman was the first to show that the relative order of acidities and basicities of many simple organic compounds are reversed between gas phase and solution. He was then able to rationalize both the gas-phase and solution behavior and put them on a much more substantial footing. Dr. Brauman discovered a wealth of information about the dynamics of gas-phase ionic reactions, which again has revolutionized scientific thought. Dr. Brauman was the first to measure accurate electron affinities of molecules larger than diatomics, eventually determining these important quantities for a substantial number of chemically interesting important organic radicals. He has received the American Chemical Society's Award in Pure Chemistry in 1973, the Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award (1986) and the James Flack Norris Award in Physical-Organic Chemistry (1986). Recent honors include the National Academy of Sciences Award in the Chemical Sciences (2001), the Linus Pauling Medal (2002) and the J. Willard Gibbs Medal (2003). Dr. Brauman was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1976.

467	Name:	David Brearly
	Year Elected:	1789
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1745
	Death Date:	8/-/1790

468	Name:	James H. Breasted
	Year Elected:	1919
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	12/2/35

469	Name:	Samuel Breck
	Year Elected:	1838
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	9/1/1862

470	Name:	Robert J. Breckenridge
	Year Elected:	1866
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1800
	Death Date:	12/26/1871

471	Name:	Dr. Germaine Brée
	Institution:	Wake Forest University
	Year Elected:	1965
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	402. Criticism: Arts and Letters
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	September 22, 2001

472	Name:	Mr. Robert Brentano
	Institution:	University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	1996
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1926
	Death Date:	November 21, 2002

473	Name:	Dr. Ronald Breslow
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	1980
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1931
	Death Date:	October 25, 2017

	Ronald Breslow was born in Rahway, New Jersey in 1931. He received his undergraduate and graduate training at Harvard University, where he did his Ph.D. research with Professor R.B. Woodward. He then spent a year in Cambridge, England as a postdoctoral fellow with Lord Todd and came to Columbia University in 1956 as instructor in chemistry. He was the Samuel Latham Mitchill Professor of Chemistry at Columbia, one of twelve University Professors, and a former Chairman of the Department. Professor Breslow's research interests can be described generally as involving the design and synthesis of new molecules with interesting properties, and the study of these properties. Examples include the cyclopropenyl cation, the simplest aromatic system and the first aromatic compound prepared with other than six electrons in a ring. His work establishing the phenomenon of anti-aromaticity has involved the synthesis of novel molecules, as well as their study. Even in work on purely mechanistic questions, such as his discovery of the chemical mechanism used by thiamine (vitamin B-1) in biochemical reactions, the synthesis and study of novel molecules played an important role. Although he continued his interest in unusual conjugated systems, his major emphasis in later years was on the synthesis and study of molecules that imitate enzymatic reactions. This work has included the development of remote functionalization reactions and the development of artificial enzymes. He developed a new group of cytodifferentiating agents with potential use in cancer chemotherapy. He is the author of over 400 publications. Professor Breslow was a member of the National Academy of Sciences (Chairman of the Chemistry Division 1974-77), the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the European Academy of Science. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1980. He was on the editorial board of a number of scientific journals, and had held over 150 named and visiting professorships. His major scientific awards include the American Chemical Society Award in Pure Chemistry (1966), the Baekeland Medal (1969), the Harrison Howe Award (1974), the Remsen Prize (1977), the Richards Medal (1984), the Allan Day Award (1990) and the U.S. National Medal of Science (1991). He won the Welch Award in Chemistry in 2003 and the Willard Gibbs Award in 2004 and also received the Mark Van Doren Medal of Columbia University and the Columbia University Great Teacher Award. Dr. Breslow added the 2010 Perkin Medal and the 2014 American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal to his long list of awards. Ronald Breslow died October 25, 2017, at the age of 86.

474	Name:	Hon. Kingman Brewster
	Institution:	University of Oxford
	Year Elected:	1978
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1919
	Death Date:	11/8/88

475	Name:	The Honorable Stephen Breyer
	Institution:	United States Supreme Court
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	502. Physicians, Theologians, Lawyers, Jurists, Architects, and Members of Other Professions
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1938

	Stephen Breyer, Associate Justice, was born in San Francisco on August 15, 1938. He married Joanna Hare in 1967. They have three children, Chloe, Nell and Michael. He is a graduate of Stanford University, Oxford University (Magdalen College), and Harvard Law School. During the United States Supreme Court's 1964 term he was a law clerk to Justice Arthur J. Goldberg. From 1965-67 he worked as a special assistant to the head of the Justice Department's Antitrust Division. From 1967-80 he taught at Harvard University, as professor of law and at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. He also worked as an Assistant Watergate Special Prosecutor (1973), as a Special Counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee (1975), and as the Judiciary Committee's Chief Counsel (1979-80). In 1980 he was appointed Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. He became the Circuit's Chief Judge in 1990. He has also served as a Member of the Judicial Conference of the United States and of the United States Sentencing Commission. He has written books and articles in the field of administrative law and government regulation. President Clinton nominated him as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, and he took office in August 1994. He recently wrote Making Our Democracy Work: A Judge's View (2010).

476	Name:	Dr. Brian O'Brien
	Year Elected:	1953
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1898
	Death Date:	July 1, 1992

477	Name:	Dr. Victoria Reifler Bricker
	Institution:	Tulane University
	Year Elected:	2002
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1940

	Victoria R. Bricker received her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1968. She joined the faculty of Tulane University in 1969 and became professor emerita of anthropology in 2006. Dr. Bricker's brilliant research has focused on the cultural and linguistic structure of the Maya, ancient and contemporary, with path-breaking studies of three domains: the forms of ritual humor found in modern Mayan cultures (1973); comparative analysis of Mayan insurrections against Spanish rule during the colonial and modern periods (1981); and the grammar of Mayan hieroglyphs (1986). More recently, she has focused her research on the hieroglyphs and iconography found in the Mayan codices - painted bark-cloth books - (1992), and she is now universally recognized as a preeminent world authority in this scholarly field. Dr. Bricker was been the series editor of the Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indians between 1977 and 2007. She was an editor for the American Ethnologist (1973-76) and book review editor of the American Anthropologist (1971-73). She is the author of Ritual Humor in Highland Chiapas (1973); The Indian Christ, the Indian King: The Historical Substrate of Maya Myth and Ritual (1981); A Grammar of Maya Hieroglyphs (1986); Papers on the Madrid Codex (1997; (with Eleuterio Po’ot Yah and Ofelia Dzul de Po’ot) A Dictionary of the Mayan Language as Spoken in Hocaba, Yucatan (1998); (with H. Bricker) "Zodiacal References in the Maya Codices," in The Sky in Mayan Literature (1992); "Color and texture in the Maya language of Yucatan," in Anthropological Linguistics (1999); (with Helga Maria Miram) "An Encounter of Two Worlds: The Book of Chilam Balam of Kaua (2002), and (with Harvey Bricker) Astronomy in the Maya Codices (2011) and Lunar Calendars of the Pre-Columbian Maya (2020); Transformational Journeys: An Ethnologist’s Memoir (2017) and A Historical Grammar of the Maya Language of Yucatan, 1557-2000 (2018). Victoria and Harvey Bricker are the 2011 recipients of the American Philosophical Society's John Frederick Lewis Award for Astronomy in the Maya Codices. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Anthropological Association, serving on its executive board from 1980-83. She was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2002.

478	Name:	Dr. Carl Bridenbaugh
	Institution:	Brown University
	Year Elected:	1958
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	303. History Since 1715
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1903
	Death Date:	1/6/92

479	Name:	Robert Bridges
	Year Elected:	1844
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1786
	Death Date:	2/20/1882

480	Name:	Percy Williams Bridgman
	Year Elected:	1916
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1882

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