APS Member History

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441	Name:	Henry P. Bowditch
	Year Elected:	1904
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	3/13/11

442	Name:	James Bowdoin
	Year Elected:	1787
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1727
	Death Date:	11/6/1790

443	Name:	Samuel Bowen
	Year Elected:	1769
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

444	Name:	Norman L. Bowen
	Year Elected:	1930
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1887
	Death Date:	9/11/56

445	Name:	Ira S. Bowen
	Year Elected:	1940
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1898
	Death Date:	2/6/73

446	Name:	Catherine Drinker Bowen
	Year Elected:	1958
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1897
	Death Date:	11/1/73

447	Name:	Dr. William G. Bowen
	Institution:	Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
	Year Elected:	1978
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	302. Economics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1933
	Death Date:	October 20, 2016

	William G. Bowen was president of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation from 1988-2006. Previously he served as President of Princeton University from 1972-88, where he was also Professor of Economics and Public Affairs. A graduate of Denison University and Princeton University, he joined the Princeton faculty in 1958, specializing in labor economics, and served as provost there from 1967-72. In 1988 Dr. Bowen joined the Mellon Foundation, where his tenure was marked by increases in the scale of the foundation's activities, with annual appropriations now exceeding $180 million. To ensure that Mellon's grant-making activities would be better informed and more effective while also following his interest in studying questions central to higher education and philanthropy, he created an in-house research program to investigate doctoral education, collegiate admissions, independent research libraries and charitable nonprofits. Dr. Bowen's special interest in the application of information technology to scholarship has led to a range of initiatives including the foundation-sponsored creation of JSTOR (a searchable electronic archive of the full runs of core journals in many fields), the Mellon International Dunhuang Archive, ARTstor (a repository of high-quality digitized works of art and related materials for teaching and research) and Ithaka Harbors, Inc. (a new organization launched to help accelerate the adoption of productive and efficient uses of information technology for the benefit of the worldwide higher education community). Dr. Bowen was the author or co-author of 20 books, including most recently Equity and Excellence in American Higher Education. His other works include (with Sarah A. Levin) Reclaiming the Game: College Sports and Educational Values; The Game of Life: College Sports and Educational Values; (with Derek Bok) the Grawemeyer Award-winning The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions; and (with Neil L. Rudenstine) In Pursuit of the Ph.D. He was honored with the 2012 National Humanities Medal by President Obama. William G. Bowen died October 20, 2016, at age 83, at home in Princeton, New Jersey.

448	Name:	Dr. Gordon H. Bower
	Institution:	Stanford University
	Year Elected:	2004
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	305
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1932
	Death Date:	June 17, 2020

	After receiving his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1959, Gordon H. Bower was associated with Stanford University as an assistant, associate and full professor of psychology, chair of the psychology department and associate dean of humanities and science. He had been Albert Ray Long Professor of Psychology since 1975. Dr. Bower's career centered on memory, its nature and manipulation. He began with animal learning but soon moved to mathematical modeling and human experiments, where he successfully championed all-or-none learning models. Next came studies of the key role of linguistic chunking in creating and storing memories, which led into a series of foci including the nature of associative memory, the role of memory structures both in facilitating and distorting memory, the impact of emotional states on memories, and most recently on the narrative organization of memory. His contributions have been most significant and influential, in part through many first-rate students. Dr. Bower was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1973 and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1975. He recently received the nation's highest honor in science: the 2005 National Medal of Science.

449	Name:	Dr. Gerhard H. Bowering
	Institution:	Yale University
	Year Elected:	1994
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	405. History and Philology, East and West, through the 17th Century
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1939

	Gerhard Böwering is Professor of Islamic Studies at Yale University. He was born and educated in Germany. After philosophical studies at Munich, he received a Diploma in Islamic Studies from Panjab University in Lahore, Pakistan and also studied Arabic in Cairo, Egypt. Following theological studies in Montreal, Dr. Böwering studied Islam at McGill University where he earned a Ph.D. in Islamic Studies in 1975. From 1975-84 he was first assistant and then associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1984, Dr. Böwering became Professor of Islamic Studies at Yale. He is the author of The Mystical Vision of Existence in Classical Islam (1980) and a critical Arabic edition of a Commentary on the Qur'an (1995 and 1997). He is presently preparing a monograph on the "Idea of Time in Islam" as well as a book entitled Wie die Muslime denken. His scholarly publications also include numerous articles and contributions to major reference books. Dr. Böwering was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1994.

450	Name:	Dr. Glen W. Bowersock
	Institution:	Institute for Advanced Study
	Year Elected:	1989
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1936

	Glen W. Bowersock has been Professor of Ancient History at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton since 1980 and Professor Emeritus since 2006. He graduated "summa cum laude" from Harvard University in 1957. Dr. Bowersock received his M.A. and D.Phil. degrees in Ancient History from Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar at Balliol College. During his distinguished career at Harvard University from 1962-80, he served as Professor of Classics and History, Chairman of the Classics Department, and Associate Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Professor Bowersock has written or edited over a dozen books and published over 300 articles on Greek, Roman, and Near Eastern history and culture as well as the classical tradition in modern literature. He was awarded the James Breasted Prize of the American Historical Association for his book Hellenism in Late Antiquity. Other books include Augustus and the Greek World, Greek Sophists in the Roman Empire, Julian and Apostate, Roman Arabia, Fiction as History, Martyrdom and Rome, Mosaics as History, From Gibbon to Auden: Essays on the Classical Tradition, Empires in Collision in Late Antiquity and Throne of Adulis: Red Sea Wars on the Eve of Islam. With Oleg Grabar and Peter Brown, Dr. Bowersock is co-editor of Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World, published in 1999 by Harvard University Press. His Selected Papers on Late Antiquity were published in Italy in 2000. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Institut de France (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres), the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, and the German Archaeological Institute. He is an Honorary Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford, and a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1989.

451	Name:	Isaiah Bowman
	Year Elected:	1923
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1879
	Death Date:	1/6/50

452	Name:	Julian P. Boyd
	Year Elected:	1943
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1903
	Death Date:	5/28/80

453	Name:	Martin H. Boye
	Year Elected:	1840
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1812
	Death Date:	3/5/09

454	Name:	Dr. Paul D. Boyer
	Institution:	University of California, Los Angeles
	Year Elected:	1998
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1918
	Death Date:	June 2, 2018

	Paul Delos Boyer was born July 31, 1918 in Provo, Utah. He received his B.S. in chemistry from Brigham Young University in 1939 and a Ph.D. degree in biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1943. He served at Stanford University with a war research project on stabilization of human serum albumin from 1943-45 and with the Naval Medical Research Institute in Bethesda, MD in 1946. From 1946-63 he was a faculty member at the University of Minnesota and from 1963 to 1999 a faculty member at the University of California, Los Angeles, becoming emeritus in 1999. In 1965 he became founding director of UCLA's Molecular Biology Institute. Dr. Boyer received the American Chemical Society Award in Enzyme Chemistry in 1955 and during that year he was a Guggenheim Fellow for studies in Sweden. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1968) and the National Academy of Sciences (1970). He has received the Rose Award of the American Society of Biochemistry (1989) and honorary doctorates from the University of Stockholm (1974), the University of Minnesota (1996) and the University of Wisconsin (1998). In 1997 he shared a Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Walker and Skou for their studies with ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Throughout nature ATP serves for the capture and use of energy. Dr. Boyer also served as editor of the 18-volume treatise "The Enzymes" (1971-90) and has published over 300 papers, mostly about enzymes. About half of these relate to the mechanism of the complex membrane-bound ATP synthase. With his associates Boyer discovered that during ATP synthesis the three catalytic sites, even though they have identical amino acid sequences, proceed sequentially through strikingly different conformations. They obtained the first evidence that this occurs by a novel rotational catalysis. The rotational movement of a multi-subunit portion in the membrane drives the rotation of a single subunit in the center of the catalytic site cluster, resulting in the sequential conformational changes necessary for the binding, formation, and release of ATP. Dr. Paul D. Boyer died June 2, 2018, at the age of 99 at home in Los Angeles, California.

455	Name:	William Boys
	Year Elected:	1799
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1771
	Death Date:	9/16/1838

456	Name:	Cyrus F. Brackett
	Year Elected:	1877
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	1/29/15

457	Name:	Thomas Bradford
	Year Elected:
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	5/4/1745
	Death Date:	5/7/1838

	Thomas Bradford (4 May 1745–7 May 1838) was a prominent Philadelphia printer and a member of the American Philosophical Society, elected in 1768. Born in Philadelphia, he entered Princeton University in 1760 but withdrew from his studies before graduating to assist with his father’s printing business. A quick learner, Bradford partnered with his father by 1766. He focused on the financial aspects of the firm while also building a side business in bookselling. In 1771, the Bradfords published the first volume of APS’s Transactions; the APS contracted them to publish a second but it was interrupted by the American Revolution. The Bradfords’ press also produced the Pennsylvania Journal with the management work increasingly falling to Thomas. After 1774, the Bradfords began to publish material for the Province of Pennsylvania, including publications related to the Revolutionary conventions and congresses. With the outbreak of the war, Thomas served in the Continental Army and in 1778 was named Deputy Commissary General of Prisoners. Towards the end of his life, Bradford took an active interest in other ventures in the city, purchasing a theater and in 1821 serving as a commissioner to oversee the erection of Eastern State Penitentiary. Bradford was active in the APS throughout his life. In addition to publishing the Transactions and serving on a number of committees, he printed APS membership certificates engraved by fellow member Pierre Eugène Du Simitière. When Bradford died, APS members attended his funeral as pallbearers, a mark of respect for the society’s oldest member at that time (he was 94) and its member of longest standing (70 years). (PI)

458	Name:	William Bradford
	Year Elected:	1785
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1756
	Death Date:	8/23/1795

459	Name:	Wilmot Hyde Bradley
	Year Elected:	1963
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1899
	Death Date:	4/12/79

460	Name:	The Honorable Bill Bradley
	Institution:	U. S. Senate; McKinsey & Company, Inc.; Allen & Company LLC
	Year Elected:	1997
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Subdivision:	503. Administrators, Bankers and Opinion Leaders from the Public or Private Sectors
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1943

	As a political leader, author and athlete, Bill Bradley has, throughout his life, succeeded in a diversity of endeavors. In 1964, he captained the United States basketball team that won the gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics. After earning a graduate degree at Oxford University, he joined the New York Knicks, playing professional basketball for ten years and helping the team to the NBA championship in 1970 and 1973. Following his retirement from basketball, Mr. Bradley was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1978. His 18 years in the Senate were marked by issues such as the fight for fair tax policies and honest budgeting, and he became one of the country's most eloquent and prophetic speakers on the issue of race relations. Overall his thoughtful, analytical approach led to an impressive record of effective reform legislation on many fronts ranging from urban deterioration and violence, to enhanced educational opportunities for those with severely limited means, to cleanup and protection of the environment. After leaving the Senate in 1997, Mr. Bradley worked as a corporate consultant and executive banker and ran for the United States presidency in 2000. He is currently a managing director at the New York investment bank Allen & Company. His book The New American Story was published in 2007 by Random House.

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