APS Member History

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2181	Name:	Ralph Kirkpatrick
	Year Elected:	1964
	Class:	5. The Arts, Professions, and Leaders in Public & Private Affairs
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1911
	Death Date:	4/13/84

2182	Name:	Daniel Kirkwood
	Year Elected:	1851
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	6/11/1895

2183	Name:	John G. Kirkwood
	Year Elected:	1944
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1907
	Death Date:	8/9/1959

2184	Name:	Dr. Marc Kirschner
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	2021
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	202. Cellular and Developmental Biology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1945

	Marc Kirschner is the John Franklin Enders University Professor at Harvard University. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1971. Prior to arriving at Harvard, he taught at Princeton University from 1972 to 1978 and the University of California, San Francisco from 1978 to 1993. In 1993, he moved to Harvard Medical School (HMS), where he served as the Chair of the new Department of Cell Biology for a decade. He became the Founding Chair of the HMS Department of Systems Biology in 2003. Kirschner pioneered at least three fundamental and general concepts that help explain how biology organizes information spatially and temporally. He is a biochemist by training, but has always had a strong interest in using mathematics and physical principles to understand biology at a deeper level. In his game-changing research on the cytoskeleton, Kirschner discovered that microtubules explore space randomly and selectively reinforce productive connections, a concept at the crux of connectivity in the brain, angiogenesis, and many other processes. In his work on the cell cycle, he identified an autonomous oscillation that entrains the order of downstream events. The circadian clock and the vertebrate somite segmentation clock use similar principles. In frog embryo development, he found that a locally produced factor, FGF, provides instructions that induce a region of tissue to adopt a new fate; this discovery informed much of our understanding of developmental patterning. These seminal discoveries, and the technologies he developed to enable them, have been profoundly influential throughout biology and establish him as one of the great experimental biologists of all time. Kirschner has also been an advocate for federal biomedical research funding and served as first chair of the Joint Steering Committee for Public Policy, a coalition of scientific societies he helped create in 1993 to educate the U.S. Congress on biomedical research and lobby for public funding of it. Kirschner helped launch the monthly, peer-reviewed journal PLoS Biology in October 2003 as a member of the editorial board and senior author of a paper in the inaugural issue. He received the Richard Lounsbery Award in 1991, the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 2001, the American Society for Cell Biology's E.B. Wilson Medal in 2003, Carnegie Mellon University's Dickson Prize for Science in 2004, and Technion's Harvey Prize in 2015, the American Society for Cell Biology's Public Service Award in 1996, the William C. Rose Award, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2001, the Rabbi Shai Shacknai Memorial Prize in Immunology and Cancer Research in 2003, and Carnegie Mellon University's Dickson Prize for Science in 2004. He was President of the American Society for Cell Biology from 1990 to 199. He has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1989, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences since 1989, the Royal Society of London since 1999, and the Academia Europaea since 1999. Kirschner was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2021.

2185	Name:	Dr. Robert P. Kirshner
	Institution:	Thirty Meter Telescope International Observatory; Harvard University
	Year Elected:	2005
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	101. Astronomy
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1949

	Robert Kirshner is best known for his observational studies of supernovae, which helped provide the scientific grounding for the teams investigating these extraordinarily distant lighthouses, and this in turn led to the surprising conclusion that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, probably the most significant cosmological discovery of the past decade. His previous work included important research on the large scale distribution of galaxies. A lively and entertaining lecturer, he teaches Harvard University's largest core course in the mathematical sciences. When applying for graduate school at Harvard, he was denied admission on the grounds that he was interested in too many things to be serious about astronomy; he later became Chair of the Harvard Astronomy Department, and he is president of the American Astronomical Society. Dr. Kirshner presently holds the titles of Clowes Professor of Science at Harvard University and Master of Quincy House at Harvard College. He received his Ph.D. in 1976 from the California Institute of Technology and was elected to the membership of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1992 and the National Academy of Sciences in 1998. In 2012 he received a Guggenheim Fellowship. He received the James Craig Watson Medal of the National Academy of Sciences in 2014 and the Wolf Prize in 2015.

2186	Name:	Jared P. Kirtland
	Year Elected:	1875
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	12/10/1877

2187	Name:	George B. Kistiakowsky
	Year Elected:	1940
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1900
	Death Date:	12/7/82

2188	Name:	Dr. Philip Stuart Kitcher
	Institution:	Columbia University
	Year Elected:	2018
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	406. Linguistics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1947

	I was born in the UK, where I had the good fortune to pursue my secondary education at Christ’s Hospital, one of Britain’s great charitable foundations. From there I went to Christ’s College, Cambridge, to study mathematics. In my final year, however, I switched to the history and philosophy of science, intending to specialize in the history of science. Reading T.S. Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions inspired a further change, and led me to Princeton and to a Ph.D in the philosophy of science. My early research concentrated on the philosophy of mathematics, and on general issues in philosophy of science, particularly those raised by Kuhn’s work. But, at the very beginning of my teaching career, undergraduates in my class on philosophy of science urged me to discuss biology (a subject about which I had been completely ignorant). Responding to their concerns, I quickly became fascinated. Thanks to a grant from the ACLS, I was able to supplement my reading with a year at Harvard’s Museum of Comparative Zoology, where I learned much from Stephen Jay Gould, Richard Lewontin, and Ernst Mayr. During the 1980s, I wrote extensively on topics in the philosophy of biology. My more general work in the philosophy of science culminated in The Advancement of Science, published in 1993. Shortly thereafter, the Library of Congress invited me to spend a year writing a report on the implications of the Human Genome Project. The work I did in this area (much of it published in 1996 in The Lives to Come) changed my views about what philosophers of science ought to be doing. I began to see the sciences as embedded within societies, to whose legitimate aims they are partially responsible. Two books, Science, Truth, and Democracy (2001) and Science in a Democratic Society (2011), have tried to probe the relations between the sciences and the human good. The shift in my thinking was accompanied by a new concentration on ethics, and an attempt to understand how ethical life might fit within an evolutionary picture of our species. Here I was greatly aided by conversations with Sidney Morgenbesser, who helped me to see the kinship between my views and those of John Dewey. Dewey’s pragmatism has left deep imprints in my more recent writings, not only in The Ethical Project (2011) and Preludes to Pragmatism (2012), but also in my discussions of religion (Living with Darwin, 2007, and Life After Faith, 2014). Since coming to Columbia in 1999, the wonderful interdisciplinary intellectual environment has quickened my long-standing interests in music and literature, leading me to write on Wagner, Mahler, Joyce, and Thomas Mann. I’m currently engaged in several attempts to elaborate a Deweyan pragmatism for our century, by supplying a general framework and focusing on education, democracy, and moral progress. I hope to have enough time not only to complete these projects, but also for further philosophical explorations of literary and musical works. I trust my long - and winding - intellectual journey is not yet finished. With luck, there will be a few more bends and surprises. - Philip Kitcher Philip Kitcher was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2018. He has also earned many other honors, including the Lifetime Achievement Award of the American Psychological Association and the Prometheus prize of the American Philosophical Association. In 2020 he was awarded the Rescher Medal for contributions to systematic philosophy. In 2021 he was awarded the 2020 2020 Hempel Award, "recognizing outstanding lifetime achievement in the philosophy of science" and published two books, Moral Progress (June) and The Main Enterprise of the World: Rethinking Education (November).

2189	Name:	George L. Kittredge
	Year Elected:	1905
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	7/23/1941

2190	Name:	Dr. Ernst Kitzinger
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	1967
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404. History of the Arts, Literature, Religion and Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1912
	Death Date:	January 22, 2003

2191	Name:	Dr. Margaret Galland Kivelson
	Institution:	University of California, Los Angeles; University of Michigan
	Year Elected:	2005
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	105. Physical Earth Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1928

	Margaret Kivelson is Distinguished Professor of Space Physics in the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (Acting Director in 1999-2000) and the Department of Earth and Space Sciences (Chair from 1984-1987) at UCLA, where she has served on the faculty since 1975. Her research interests are in the areas of solar terrestrial physics and planetary science. She is known for work on the particles and magnetic fields in the surroundings of Earth and Jupiter and for investigations of properties of Jupiter's Galilean moons. She was the Principal Investigator for the Magnetometer on the Galileo Orbiter that acquired data in Jupiter's magnetosphere for eight years and is a Co-Investigator on various other investigations including the FGM (magnetometer) of the Cluster mission. Dr. Kivelson obtained her A.B. in 1950 and her A.M. and Ph.D. in 1952 and 1957, respectively, from Radcliffe College, Harvard University. Her honors include a Guggenheim Fellowship (1973-74), the Radcliffe Graduate Society Medal (1983), the Harvard University 350th Anniversary Alumni Medal (1986), several NASA Group Achievement Awards, and memberships in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. She is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, the American Physical Society, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She was awarded the Alfvén Medal of the European Geophysical Union and the Fleming Medal of the American Geophysical Union in 2005. She has served on numerous advisory committees, including the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council, and is a Council Member of the National Academy of Sciences. Dr. Kivelson has published more than 300 research papers and is co-editor of a widely used textbook on space physics. She has presented numerous seminars and invited talks at scientific conferences. In addition, she lectures on space research to K-12 students and other general audiences. She has been active in efforts to identify the barriers faced by women as students, faculty and practitioners of the physical sciences and to improve the environment in which they function.

2192	Name:	Dr. Lawrence R. Klein
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1970
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	302. Economics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1920
	Death Date:	October 20, 2013

	Lawrence R. Klein received a B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley and a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He served on the faculties of the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan, Oxford University, and the University of Pennsylvania. He was appointed Penn's Benjamin Franklin Professor of Economics and Finance, teaching for thirty-three years. Dr. Klein was an econometrician who constructed several statistical models of the United States as well as various other countries. At Penn he founded Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates and served as a principal investigator for Project LINK, which combined models from countries throughout the world for studying international trade, payments, and global economic activity. In 1980 he was named the Nobel laureate in Economics. He has been Director and Chairman of the Economic Policy Committee of W.P. Carey & Co. He also had served as president of many learned societies, editor for scholarly journals, and advisor to governments in matters of economic policy. Dr. Klein was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1970. He was also a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. He was a foreign member of the British Association and the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was an Honorary Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. Lawrence Klein did on October 20, 2013, at the age of 93 at his home in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania.

2193	Name:	Dr. Jon Kleinberg
	Institution:	Cornell University
	Year Elected:	2024
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	107
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1971

	Jon Kleinberg is the Tisch University Professor in the Departments of Computer Science and Information Science at Cornell University. His research focuses on the interaction of algorithms and networks, the roles they play in large-scale social and information systems, and their broader societal implications. He is the author of two books on these topics: Algorithm Design (with Eva Tardos) and Networks, Crowds, and Markets (with David Easley). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society, and he serves on the US National AI Advisory Committee. He has received MacArthur, Packard, Simons, Sloan, and Vannevar Bush research fellowships, as well as awards including the Harvey Prize, the Lanchester Prize, the Nevanlinna Prize, the ACM-AAAI Allen Newell Award, and the ACM Prize in Computing.

2194	Name:	Dr. Daniel Kleppner
	Institution:	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1932

	Daniel Kleppner received bachelors degrees in physics from Williams College and Cambridge University, and in 1959 received the Ph.D. from Harvard University where he worked under the direction of Professor Norman F. Ramsey. The following year Drs. Ramsey and Kleppner developed the hydrogen maser, an atomic clock that has been widely employed for scientific studies and technological applications including the global positioning system. In 1966 Dr. Kleppner joined the faculty of physics at MIT and started a research program in high precision measurements and atomic scattering. David E. Pritchard, then a graduate student at Harvard, came with Kleppner to M.I.T. and later joined the faculty and commenced a research career that over the years contributed significantly to MIT's reputation. as an international leader in atomic physics. In the mid 1970s, Dr. Kleppner developed methods for studying a class of atoms known as Rydberg atoms. His early studies on the inhibited spontaneous emission of Rydberg atoms helped to spawn the field of cavity quantum electrodynamics, a subject that has helped to focus new interest on basic measurement processes. He also pioneered the study of Rydberg atoms in strong electric and magnetic fields. This system turned out to provide a fruitful arena for studying the connections between quantum and classical behavior, including the phenomenon known as quantum chaos. In 1977 Dr. Kleppner joined in a collaboration with Professor Thomas J. Greytak to attempt to form a Bose-Einstein condensate of atomic hydrogen. The search took longer than they expected--over twenty years--but in 1998 they succeeded. A few years earlier, students of Dr. Kleppner and Dr. Pritchard had discovered Bose-Einstein condensation in gasses of alkali metal atoms and the field exploded into the most dramatic development in atomic physics since the invention of the laser. Dr. Kleppner is currently the Lester Wolfe Professor of Physics, Emeritus, and Co-Director at the MITA-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences, Paris, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He has served as Chairperson of the Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics of the American Physical Society, a member of the APS Council, and on numerous advisory committees. Dr. Kleppner has received the Davisson-Germer Prize and the Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society, the William F. Meggers Award and Frederick Ives Medal of the Optical Society of America, the James Rhyn Killian Faculty Achievement Award of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Wolf Foundtion Prize in Physics, and the 2006 National Medal of Science. He served as co-chair of the American Physical Society Study Group on Boost-Phase Intercept for the National Missile Defense and, with the other members of the Study Group, has been awarded the 2005 APS Leo Szilard Lectureship Award in recognition of this work. In 2014 he was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics from the Franklin Institute. He received the 2017 American Physical Society Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research.

2195	Name:	John R. Kline
	Year Elected:	1941
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1892
	Death Date:	5/2/55

2196	Name:	Dr. Judith P. Klinman
	Institution:	University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	2001
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Subdivision:	201. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	Judith Klinman has made significant contributions to our understanding of enzyme function, including two fundamental discoveries, rare events in the field of enzymology: a new redox cofactor in eukaryotes and the unanticipated demonstration of hydrogen tunneling in enzymatic reactions. The latter provides an experimental link to the role of protein motions in catalysis. In addition, she has been a leader in utilizing isotope effects to probe enzymatic reaction mechanisms and has also begun to unravel the mechanism of copper dependent biological redox reactions. Her approach amply demonstrates the rewards of applying the principles and tools of physical organic chemistry to biological sciences. Dr. Klinman has worked at the Institute of Cancer Research (1972-78) and the University of Pennsylvania (1974-78); since 1982 she has been professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, where she also chaired the department of chemistry (2000-03) and serves as professor of molecular and cell biology. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; the National Academy of Sciences; the American Chemical Society; the Protein Society; the Biophysics Society; and the American Society of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (president, 1998). In 2014 she was awarded the National Medal of Science.

2197	Name:	Clyde K.M. Kluckhohn
	Year Elected:	1952
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1905
	Death Date:	7/29/1960

2198	Name:	Heinrich Kluver
	Year Elected:	1965
	Class:	2. Biological Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1897
	Death Date:	2/8/79

2199	Name:	Dr. Elfriede Regina (Kezia) Knauer
	Institution:	University of Pennsylvania
	Year Elected:	1999
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1926
	Death Date:	June 7, 2010

	Elfriede Knauer has an incredible range of knowledge in the ancient (and even somewhat modern) art world and history. She has travelled well beyond the normal compass of the archaeologist; she is expert in the culture of China, the Russian steppes, Persia and Iran and the ancient Greek and Roman world. She wrote a book on the Silk Road, which she has personally travelled. Dr. Knauer has written on such a variety of subjects that only a perusal of the titles of her publications can give an idea of what this scholar can control. Born in Germany, Dr. Knauer earned her Ph.D. from Frankfurt University and is currently a Consulting Scholar in the Mediterranean Section of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. She is a member of the Archaeological Institute of America and was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1999.

2200	Name:	Strickland Kneass
	Year Elected:	1856
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Death Date:	1/14/1884

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