APS Member History

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1581	Name:	Dr. Phillip A. Griffiths
	Institution:	Institute for Advanced Study; University of Miami
	Year Elected:	1992
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1938

	Phillip A. Griffiths is Professor Emeritus at the Institute for Advanced Study's School of Mathematics. He holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University and has served on the faculties of the University of California, Berkeley (1964-67), Harvard University (1967-83)and Duke University (1983-91). Dr. Griffiths's mathematical research is in geometry. He and his collaborators initiated the theory of variation of Hodge structure, which has come to play a central role in many aspects of algebraic geometry and the uses of that subject in modern theoretical physics. In addition to algebraic geometry, Dr. Griffiths has made contributions to differential and integral geometry, geometric function theory and the geometry of partial differential equations. Past Director of the Institute for Advanced Study (1991-2003), Dr. Griffiths leads the Millennium Science Initiative (MSI) whose primary goal is to create and nurture world-class science and scientific talent in the developing world. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the recipient of numerous awards, including the American Mathematical Society's LeRoy P. Steele Prize (1972, 2013), the Gottingen Academy of Sciences's Dannie Heineman Prize (1979); the Wolf Prize (jointly with Pierre Deligne and David Mumford, 2008); the Royal Dutch Mathematical Society's Brouwer Prize (2008); and the Chern Medal (2014).

1582	Name:	Hugh B. Grigsby
	Year Elected:	1856
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1583	Name:	Henry Grinnell
	Year Elected:	1853
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1584	Name:	John Griscom
	Year Elected:	1836
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1585	Name:	William W. Griscom
	Year Elected:	1881
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1586	Name:	Dr. Erwin N. Griswold
	Institution:	Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue
	Year Elected:	1955
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Subdivision:	304. Jurisprudence and Political Science
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1904
	Death Date:	11/19/94

1587	Name:	Samuel D. Gross
	Year Elected:	1854
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1588	Name:	Samuel W. Gross
	Year Elected:	1885
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1589	Name:	Dr. David Gross
	Institution:	Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara
	Year Elected:	2007
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	106. Physics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1941

	David Gross directs the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he is also Frederick W. Gluck Professor of Theoretical Physics. A distinguished scientist and a leader in elementary particle theory, he received the 2004 Nobel Prize for his influential contributions to the theory of strong interactions, most notably the proof of asymptotic freedom in quantum chromodynamics, an essential building block in the now well established Standard Model. Gross has also had an important impact on developments in superstring theory, in particular as co-discoverer of the heterotic string that many in the particle theory community view as the most promising road to a fundamental theory underlying the unification of gravity with the Standard Model. After receiving his Ph.D., from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966, David Gross became a junior fellow at Harvard University. In 1969 he joined the faculty of Princeton University, where he was appointed Professor of Physics in 1972, and later Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics and Thomas Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics. In his current position Gross has taken an active and positive role in shaping scientific programs, and he has served with distinction on many national committees. His numerous honors include the Dirac Medal, a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship Prize and membership in the American Physical Society, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. David Gross was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2007.

1590	Name:	Dr. Benedict H. Gross
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	2017
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	104. Mathematics
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1950

	Benedict Gross has contributed decisively to number theory, algebraic geometry, modular forms and group representations. Gross and Don Zagier solved the class number problem which had been formulated by APS member Karl Friedrich Gauss in 1798. This problem was to give an algorithm to list all discrete rings embedded in the complex numbers with a given class number. The class number is a measure of the failure of unique factorization in the ring. (The analogous problem for the real numbers was already solved by the ancient Greeks. There is only one discrete ring embedded in the real numbers, namely the integers. Euclid in 300 BC proved that unique factorization holds in the integers, hence its class number is 1, the minimum possible value.) The theorem of Gross and Zagier was one of the major achievements in number theory of the 20th century. Gross is an expert on analytic number theory, which exploits the striking relationships between analysis, in the sense of calculus, and arithmetic in the sense of counting. He has made many many diverse discoveries. Most recently, he has explored the role of exceptional Lie groups in number theory. His development of arithmetic invariant theory with Manjul Bhargava promises to generate a whole new field of future research. Together with Joe Harris, he developed a mathematics course for non-mathematicians at Harvard. This led to his popular book, The Magic of Numbers, co-authored with J. Harris, which provides a readable introduction to the patterns that emerge in number behavior and the often surprising applications of these patterns.

1591	Name:	Dr. Barbara J. Grosz
	Institution:	Harvard University
	Year Elected:	2003
	Class:	1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences
	Subdivision:	107
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1948

	Barbara Grosz is Higgins Professor of Natural Sciences in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University and former Dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. Educated at Cornell University and at the University of California, Berkeley, she is known for her seminal contributions to the fields of natural-language processing and multi-agent systems. Dr. Grosz developed some of the earliest and most influential computational models of discourse, dialogue systems, and models of collaboration. Her work helped establish these fields of inquiry and provides the framework for several collaborative multi-agent systems and human-computer interface systems. Dr. Grosz was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2008. She is a Fellow and past President of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. She serves on the executive committee and is a former trustee of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. She is the recipient of the 2015 IJCAI Research Excellence Award, the ACM/AAAI Allen Newell Award for her groundbreaking research that crosses disciplines and for her role in the establishment and leadership of interdisciplinary institutions, the Berkeley Computer Science and Engineering Distinguished Alumna Award, as well as numerous awards from major computer science societies. In 2017 she received the Everett Mendelsohn Excellence in Mentoring Award from the Graduate Student Council at Harvard University as well as the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Association for Computational Linguistics Dr. Grosz was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 2003 and was elected Vice President of the Society in 2011.

1592	Name:	Augustus R. Grote
	Year Elected:	1876
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1593	Name:	Dr. Erich S. Gruen
	Institution:	University of California, Berkeley
	Year Elected:	2000
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	404a
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1935

	Erich Gruen is Professor of the Graduate School: Wood Professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Born in Vienna, he received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1964 and has taught history at Berkeley since 1966. A Rhodes Scholar and Guggenheim Fellow, Dr. Gruen has established a reputation as a leading international authority on the Roman Republic, its political antecedents in Hellenism, and the impact of both on the Jewish tradition. A master at seeing the macrocosm reflected in the microcosm, Dr. Gruen is the author of numerous articles and works including The Last Generation of the Roman Republic (1974), The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome (1984), Heritage and Hellenism: The Reinvention of Jewish Tradition (1998) and Diaspora: Jews amidst Greeks and Romans (2002). Dr. Gruen is a past president of the American Philological Association (1992) and a member of the American Historical Association and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (1986).

1594	Name:	Gustave E. von Grunebaum
	Year Elected:	1968
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1909
	Death Date:	2/27/72

1595	Name:	George Guald
	Year Elected:	1770
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1596	Name:	Dr. Susan D. Gubar
	Institution:	Indiana University
	Year Elected:	2011
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Subdivision:	401. Archaeology
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Living
	Birth Date:	1944

	A literary and cultural critic, Susan Gubar is Ruth Halls Professor and Distinguished Professor Emerita at Indiana University. With co-author Sandra M. Gilbert, she published The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the 19th-Century Literary Imagination in 1979 (Yale University Press), a finalist for both The Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Critics Circle Award. The project was the beginning of many collaborative projects between the two, who together won a 1985 Ms. Woman of the Year award for their compilation of the Norton Anthology of Literature of Women. They also co-authored a critical trilogy titled No Man's Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century--The War of the Words (1988), Sexchanges (1989), and Letters from the Front (1994); a collection of poetry for and about mothers, MotherSongs (Norton, 1995); and a satire on the current state of literacy and cultural literacy, Masterpiece Theatre: An Academic Melodrama (Rutgers, 1995). Gubar’s subsequent books include Racechanges: White Skin, Black Face in American Culture (Oxford, 1997); a compilation of essays, Critical Condition: Feminism at the Turn of the Century (Columbia, 2000); and Poetry After Auschwitz: Remembering What One Never Knew (Indiana, 2003), the product of her year as a Laurence S. Rockefeller Fellow at Princeton University's Center for Human Values. In 2005, she published the first annotated edition of Virginia Woolf's A Room of One's Own in the States (Harcourt Brace). In 2006, her book Rooms of Our Own (Illinois) won an Honorable Mention award from the Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights, and in 2007, with Gilbert, she published a third edition of the Norton Anthology of Literature by Women as well as a Norton Reader of Feminist Literary Theory and Criticism. Her cultural biography of Judas (Norton, 2009), the twelfth apostle, was listed in Magill’s Literary Annual as one of the best books of 2009. She recently wrote Memoir of a Debulked Woman: Ending Ovarian Cancer in 2012. The recipient of awards from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Guggenheim Foundation, Gubar was the 2003 recipient of The Faculty Mentor Award from IU's Graduate Professional Student Organization and received the 2010 President's Medal for Excellence, among the highest honors an IU president can bestow. Currently, she has completed the editing of True Confessions: Feminist Professors Tell Stories Out of School (forthcoming from Norton), a collection of autobiographical essays by the first generation of women to integrate the study of gender into such disciplines as philosophy, art history, comparative literature, religion, psychology, anthropology, and African American studies.

1597	Name:	William Guggenheim
	Year Elected:	1930
	Class:	3. Social Sciences
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1869
	Death Date:	6/27/41

1598	Name:	Constant Guillou
	Year Elected:	1854
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

1599	Name:	Charles B. Gulick
	Year Elected:	1940
	Class:	4. Humanities
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased
	Birth Date:	1869
	Death Date:	5/23/62

1600	Name:	John Gummere
	Year Elected:	1814
	Residency:	Resident
	Living? :	Deceased

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